中考英语--专题--形容词和副词.doc

中考英语--专题--形容词和副词
中考专题——形容词和副词
1. This kind of T-shirt looks ______ and sells ______ in the market.
A. nice; good B. well; well C. nice; well D. good; nice
2. Sometimes it often rains ______ in my hometown.
A.hard B.hardly C.heavily D.strongly
3. If overweight people eat less and take more exercise, they will soon feel much ______.
A. fatter B. older C. bigger D.healthier
4. Emma looked after her pet dog ______ of all her friends.
A. careful B. most careful C. more careful D. the most careful
【知识点精讲】
一、形容词的用法及位置
1. 作定语，放在名词之前
She is a pretty girl.
2. 作表语，放在系动词之后
The girl is polite.
The cake tastes delicious.
3. 作宾补，放在宾语之后
You must keep the windows open.
Don`t make your mother angry.
They found the door of the room closed.
二、副词的用法及位置
1. 副词修饰动词时，放在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前
He is always ready to help others.
I have already finished my homework.
She was so moved that she could hardly say a word.
She never stops talking.
2. 副词修饰形容词和副词时，放在被修饰词之前
Your voice sounds rather strange today.
The computer works much faster than before.
3. 副词修饰句子时，常放在句首
Luckily, he was not badly hurt.
三、形容词和副词的比较级
1. 比较等级的构成方法
【1】规则变化记忆口诀
比较等级要变化，一般词尾加er；
tall ---- taller ---- tallest

词尾若有哑音e，直接加r就可以；
nice ---- nicer ---- nicest

辅音加y结尾时，变y为i加er；
heavy ---- heavier ---- heaviest

词尾若是辅元辅，双写末辅加er；
thin ---- thinner ---- thinnest

单词若是多音节，其前加 more就可以。
delicious ---- more delicious ---- most delicious

　　 【2】不规则变化
原 级
比较级
最高级

good / well
better
best

bad /badly/ ill
worse
worst

many / much
more
most

little
less
least

far
farther / further
farthest / furthest

old
older /elder
oldest /eldest

2. 形容词和副词比较级的用法
【1】两者相比较时用形容词或副词的比较级，其结构为“……比较级+than……”，than后加名词或代词宾格或主谓结构。
I am more outgoing than my sister. （名词）
I am more outgoing than my sister is.（主谓结构）
He runs faster than her.（代词宾格）
He runs faster than she does.（主谓结构）
【2】形容词比较级和副词比较级的选择：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词。
Lily is more clever than Lucy,but Lucy studies harder than Lily.
【3】在两者之间做选择，表示“哪一个更……”时，用句型“which/who /what be + 比较级，A or B ?”
Which sweater is cheaper, the red one or the yellow one?
【4】两者作比较时，用“the +比较级 + of the two”
　　 This bike is the better of the two.
This girl is the kinder of the two girls.
Lucy is the taller of the twins.
【5】表示“越来越……”时，用“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more +原级”。
If you eat too much meat, you will become fatter and fatter.
We should make our country more and more beautiful.
【6】表示“越……，就越……”时，用“the +比较级，the+比较级”
The more you eat ,the fatter you will become.
The more,the better.
【7】同一类人或物在某一范围内进行比较时，常用“比较级+any other+名词单数”，表示“……比任意一 个……都……”或者用“比较级+the other+名词复数”，表示“……比其他……都……”
I think Beijing is more beautiful than any other city in China.
I think Beijing is more beautiful than the other cities in China.
【8】表示“比……大（长、多、宽）几倍”，“重几斤，高几厘米，大几岁”等，都用比较级。
Our classroom is twice larger than yours.
Tom is six years older than you.
【9】“原级比较”用“as …as”表示“和……一样”，用“not so/as …as”表示“……不及……”。
“more +形容词”与“less+形容词”和“not so/as …as”可互换。
English is as important as Chinese .
Chinese is more important than English.
=English is less important than Chinese .
=English is not so/as important as Chinese .
3. 易错点
【1】比较级的替代词：使用比较级时，前后两个比较项要保持一致，若前一个比较项是可数名词单数，则后一个比较项要用the one来替代；若前一个比较项是不可数名词，则后一个比较项要用that来替代；若前一个比较项是可数名词复数，则后一个比较项要用those来替代。
The hat on the shelf is not so expensive than the one on the table.
　　 The weather in Nanjing is warmer than that in Beijing in winter.
　　 The students of Class One study harder than those of Class Two.
【2】避免重复使用比较级。
He is more cleverer than his brother. (错)
He is cleverer than his brother . (对)
【3】同一范围和不同范围作比较
同一范围
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
China is larger than the other countries in Asia.
不同范围
China is larger than any country in Africa.
【4】比较级的否定句实际表示肯定意义。
I couldn`t agree with you more.
【5】“a+比较级表示最高级的意义。
I have never seen a more beautiful girl (than her).
=She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
【6】倍数表达法：
（1） A is 倍数 as +原级+ as B
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
（2） A is 倍数 + 比较级 +than + B
Asia is three times larger than Europe.
(3) A is 倍数 + 名词 + of B
常见名词：the size/weight/height/width/length
The table is twice the length of the desk.
(4) A is 倍数 + what从句
The production is now three times what it was three years ago.
四、形容词和副词最高级的用法
【1】三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用“最高级 + 介词 in/ of/ among”来表示范围。
He is the strongest of all the boys.
Li Hua is the cleverest student in our class.
【2】三者作比较时，用“最高级…, A, B or C ?”
Which is the biggest, the earth ,the moon or the sun?
【3】表示“最……的……之一”时，用“one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数”。
Tian’anmen square is one of the largest squares in the world.
【4】表示“第几最……”时，用“the+序数词+最高级+名词单数”。
The Yellow River is the second largest river in China.
【5】在句型“……I’ve ever seen /heard ”句型中，一般用最高级形式。
She is the most beautiful girl I’ve ever seen.
It is the most interesting story I’ve ever heard.
【6】形容词最高级前通常加the, 如果最高级前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等修饰时，则不用the；副词最高级前，the可有可无。
My oldest daughter is 16 years old. 我最大的女儿今年16岁。
Yesterday was her happiest day in her life. 昨天是她一生中最幸福的一天。
He studies (the) hardest in our class.
【7】形容词最高级前若有不定冠词a时，不表示比较，而表示“非常”的意思。
Spring is a best season. 春天是一个非常好的季节。
五、形容词和副词各等级前的修饰词
【1】原级前：very(非常), quite（十分）, rather（相当）, so（如此）, too（太）, much too（太）, enough（足够地），really（的确）, pretty（很，非常）等。
My mother is very busy everyday.
The problem is quite difficult.
It is rather/really/ pretty foggy today.
We were so excited that we sang and danced all night.
He spoke ( much) too fast. I couldn` t catch him.
The boy is brave enough to finish the task.
【2】比较级前：much（……得多）, even（更、还要）, still（要、还要）, far（远为……，……得多）, any（更）, a little（稍微）, a lot（……得多）, a bit（……一点）, three years （三岁），twice（两倍），a great deal（……得多）等，这些词常用来表示比较级的程度，表示强调。
He plays the piano much better than me.
I am not feeling any better. I feel even worse.
The gloves are a little bigger for me.
Travelling by train is far more enjoyable than travelling by air.
My sister is three years older than me.
This room is three times bigger than that one.
【3】最高级前：by far（到目前为止）, nearly（将近）,almost（几乎），形容词性物主代词，名词所有格，序数词等。
This is by far the best book that I have read.
He runs nearly fastest among the students.
Mr. Chen`s oral English is almost the best.

【典型例题及相似题练习】
1.The prices of the houses at the moment are still very ______ .
A. high B. expensive C. higher D. more expensive
2. -----Why do people there ______ use umbrella in the sun?
-----Because they would rather enjoy the sunshine.
A. hardly B. usually C. always D. often
3. -----How are you getting along with your English study?
------Much better. I don`t feel it was as ______ as before.
A. easy B. difficult C. much D. interesting
4. Ma Yun, head of Alibaba, is one of ______ person in the world.
A. rich B. richer C. richest D.the richest
【课堂综合练习】
1. The more careful you are, the _____mistakes you will make.
A．few 　　　　B．fewer C．fewest D. more few
2. It’s summer now. The weather is getting _______ .
A．higher and higher 　B．lower and lower
C．hotter and hotter 　　D．colder and colder
3. The seats in the middle of the cinema are ________of all.
A. better B. Good C. the best D. well
4. Xi’an is one of _______capital ________in China.
A. older, city B. the older, city C. oldest, cities D. the oldest, cities
5. Bob often says that swimming is _________than hiking in reducing weight, but he always spends more time on swimming.
A. less useful B. more useful C. more interesting D. less interesting
6. Young boys really grow fast. Both of my suns are already________than I am．
A．shorter B．Smaller C．cleverer D．taller
7. ——Did Kate do best in the final exam?
——No, but of all the students she did ___________.
A．the most careful B．more careful
C．most carefully D．more carefully
8．Some studies have shown that students who eat good breakfast stay ______and do ________
than those who don’t.
A. thin, well      B. thinner, better
C. the thinnest, the best    D.thinnest, best
9. Can a dog run _a horse?
  　 A. so fast as  B. as fast as C. as faster as  D.so faster than
10. Li Hua studies English very ________and her English is ________in her class
A．careful ,good 　 　B．carefully, well　　C．careful, best D.carefully, the best
【课后限时作业】
1. In our city ,it is hot in July, but it’s even _______in August.
A. hot B. hottest C. hoter D. hotter
2. ----Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?
----I couldn’t agree ______.The idea is great to me.
A. much B. more C. Worse D. at all
3.The____you study, the _____you’ll be in it.
A. hard; interested B. harder; interesting
C. harder; more interested D. hardest; more interested
4.The patient isn’t out of danger. He is _____ than he was yesterday.
A.no better B. worst C. not worse D. not more
5. Li Fang studies much better than ____ student in his class.
A. any B. any other C. the other D. other
6. I don’t think Chinese is __________ English.
A. as important as B. less important C. not so important
7. In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the farther we go, ____.
A.our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be better
C. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be
8. ---Are you satisfied with his answer?
---Not at all. It couldn’t have been___.
A. any better B. worse C. as good D. bad
9. I jump higher than _______in my class.
A.any other boys B. the other boys C. any boy D. another boy
10.——Which is the ______season of the year?
——Winter.
A.cold B.coldest C. colder D. more colder
11. Which subject is ______, physics or chemistry?
A．interesting B．more interesting C．most interesting D．the most interesting
12.——I’m getting fatter and fatter. What should I do, doctor?
——You’d better eat _______meat and take_______exercise.
A．less; less B．more; more C．more; less D．less; more
13. This question is ______more difficult than that one.
A．rather B．quite C．very D．a little
14. Nanjing isn’t so large as Shanghai, however, it’s the second ______city in East China.
A．larger B．largest C．the largest D．Large
15.——What do you think of the baby-sitter?
——Excellent! You can`t find a ___ one.
A．good B．better C．well D．best

课堂综合练习答案及解析

1.B. 本题考查句型：表示“越…,就越…”时，用“the +比较级，the+比较级”。few 的比较级是fewer，故选B。
2.C．句意为“现在是夏天了，天气正在变得越来越热”。 表示“越来越…….”时，用“比较级+and+比较级”句型。越来越热表述为hotter and hotter.所以选C答案。
3.C. 由后置定语of all ,可知范围为所有人，故应用最高级，所以选C.
4.4. D. 根据句意“西安是中国最古老的城市之一”，所以用最高级。One of 后面应该跟名词复数形式，所以选D答案。
5.5. A. 根据but转折后面句意为“但是却花更多的时间在游泳上”，所以前面应该是他认为通过游泳减肥没有用。
6.6. D. 根据句子意思，“年轻的孩子们长得特别快，我的两个儿子都长得比我高”所以选最后一个答案。
7.7. C. 根据范围of all the students 可定为用最高级，分析句子成分需要的是副词来修饰动词did.
8.8. B. 根据句子意思是把吃早点和不吃早点的进行比较，所以用比较级形式。
9.9.B. 本题考查句型“as+原级+as”，所以用原级fast.
10.10.D. 根据句意“李华学习英语非常认真，他的英语在班上是最好的。

课后作业答案及解析
1. D. 句意为“我们的城市在七月很热，但是在八月更热得多。”hot的比较级为hotter.
2. B．根据后面说这是个好主意，所以是再同意不过了，用短语I couldn’t agree more.
3. C. 本题考查句型：表示“越…,就越…”时，用“the +比较级，the+比较级”。
4. A. 句意为“病人还没有脱离危险，情况并不比昨天好”，用no better 符合题意。
5.B. 本题考查句型“比较级+than any other +单数名词”表示“比其他任何一个都”.
6.B. 本题考查more important 的反义词less important 。所以选第二个答案。
7.C. 本题考查“the +比较级，the+比较级”句型，表示“越来越……”，前后倒装形式一致，故选C。
8.B. 根据句意“一点也不好”。所以后面应该是“不能再差了”，即“couldn’t be worse”.
9.B. 比其他任何什么都怎么样有两种表达“比较级+than any other +名词单数”或“比较级+than the other +名词复数”，所以只能选B答案。
10.B. 隐含的是四个季节进行比较，所以用最高级coldest 。
11.B. 两者相比较，要用比较级。
12.D. 根据语境，应该是吃更少的肉和做更多的锻炼。
13.D. 本题考查比较级的修饰词，a little用于修饰比较级，其它三个词都只能修饰原级。
14.C. 本题考查“the+序数词+最高级+名词单数”表示“最……的……之一”。
15.B. 本题考查“a+比较级”表示最高级的意义。

二、英语书面表达专项训练
2．假如你是阳光中学的李华，你校成功举办了“中华诗词朗诵比赛”，请用英语写一篇短文，介绍活动情况并呼吁更多的人参与这样的活动。内容要点如下：
时间地点
5月23号下午；学校礼堂。
活动介绍
每学期举办一次。
今年又大获成功。同学们的精彩表现得到了大家的高度评价。
八年级的王丽获一等奖。她极具朗诵天赋。
每位获胜者赢得一张免费书展的票。
呼吁参与的理由
......(自拟1到2点）

注意事项：
（1）须包括所给内容要点，要求语句通顺、行文连贯作、适当发挥；
（2）词数在80个左右，文稿的开头已给出，不计入总词数；
参考词汇：中华诗词朗诵比赛 Chinese Poetry Reciting Competition;表现 performance; 高度评价think highly of ;朗诵recite;天赋gift;免费的free
I'm Li Hua from Sunshine Middle School. Our school...
【答案】I'm Li Hua from Sunshine Middle School. Our school held a Chinese Poetry Reciting Competition on the afternoon of May 23rd. It was held in the school hall. The competition is held every tram. This year it was a big success again. All the teachers and students thought highly of the students' wonderful performances. Wang Li from Grade 8 won the first prize. She has a real gift for reciting .Each winner won a free ticket for the book show.
I hope more people will take part in this activity and enjoy the beautiful Chinese culture
【解析】
【详解】
本题是一篇给材料作文，介绍“中华诗词朗诵比赛”活动情况并呼吁更多的人参与这样的活动。短文用第一人称和第三人称，还会用到被动语态的句子。写作思路：考生需要首先审清主题，围绕主题展开作文，其次考生可根据表格中的要点提示去写作。文章必须包括要点中所给的信息，但不要逐句翻译，并补充两条个人的观点。在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；最后，要仔细检查有无单词拼写错误、标点符号误用等，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。

3．假设你是光明中学的学生李华，你正在参加“发现心灵最美的人，创建城市文明，争做文明市民” 活动，请根据以下汉语提示写一篇英文发言稿。
1. 上周三放学时，雨下得很大，于是在校门口打了一辆出租车；
2. 下车时由于匆忙把英语书落在车上；书上有你的姓名；
3. 到家发现书不见时，感到很焦急；
4. 幸运的是第二天早上，司机把书送到学校；
5. 当看到自己的书时，既开心又感动；
6. 你应该……你打算/将要. …
参考词汇：感动be moved幸运的是fortunately要求：
1. 词数：80-100；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3. 要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。

Hello，everyone！I am Li Hua from Guangming, Middle School.
Last Wednesday，when I finished school，it was_______________________________________________
【答案】Hello，everyone！I am Li Hua from Guangming Middle School.
Last Wednesday，when I finished school，it was raining hard（1）.Then l took a taxi at th