【英语】内蒙古呼和浩特市2018届高三上学期11月质量普查考试英语试题-含解析.doc

内蒙古呼和浩特市2018届高三年级质量普查调研考试
英语试题
一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Where Is Spring Break
Where is Spring Break going to be? The options are endless. Do you want to get your blood pumping from thrilling travels? Look no further! These tours and destinations will keep you on your toes all week long.
Panama: This underrated destination is a little-known secret of the most travelers! Through this tour you’ll get to hike, snorkel(浮潜) and explore all the best sights this beautiful country has to offer! Eight days tours for $250/day.
Canada: This diverse country is full of options. Explore the East of Canada and visit cities such as Montreal, Quebec or Toronto. If you’re feeling adventurous, explore the Western part of the country with a Canadian Rockies Tour. During this twelve days tour you will hike a glacier to beautiful scenery and wander through postcard-worthy villages. Tours to Canada for $200/day.
Iceland: Check off one of the seven wonders of the world with a tour of the Northern Lights and Golden Circle. Spend seven days full of adventure like hiking glaciers, snowshoeing through Thingvellir National Park, relaxing in the Geysir Hot springs and of course experiencing the glory of the Northern Lights! Seven days tours for $300/day.
South Africa: Discover the diverse culture and wildlife that makes up South Africa. Your tour plan includes a journey along the coast known as “Rainbow Nation.” Here you will enjoy beautiful scenery, a hunting travel through Addo Elephant National Park and the wildlife in Tsitsikamma National Park. Nine days tours for $230/day.
1. What is the common characteristic of the travels mentioned in the text?
A. Exciting B. Risky
C. Educational D. Environmental
2. According to the text, Panama is a destination which .
A. is not as famous as the other three B. you can go to for enjoying surfing
C. offers an option to hike in the park D. takes the most time of the four tours
3. Which destination costs tourists the most money?
A. Panama B. Canada
C. Iceland D. South Africa
4. What can be learned from the text?
A. Tourists can take a hot shower only in Iceland
B. Tourists can hike glaciers in both Canada and Iceland
C. Canada offers Rockies Tour for tourists to explore the East
D. Tourists can enjoy a hunting travel through Tsitsikamma National Park
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B
【解析】这篇文章为读者介绍了四个令人激动的旅游胜地。
1. 细节理解题。由Where is Spring Break going to be? The options are endless. Do you want to get your blood pumping from thrilling travels? Look no further! These tours and destinations will keep you on your toes all week long.可知文章中提到的这些旅行的共同特点是令人激动的，选A。
2. 细节理解题。由This underrated destination is a little-known secret of the most travelers!可知巴拿马不像其他三个旅游地那么出名，选A。
3. 计算题。Eight days tours for $250/day. 可知在巴拿马旅行的费用是250*8=2000；During this twelve days tour you will hike a glacier to beautiful scenery and wander through postcard-worthy villages. Tours to Canada for $200/day可知在加拿大旅行的费用是.200*12=2400；Seven days tours for $300/day. 可知在冰岛旅行的费用是300*7=2100；Nine days tours for $230/day. 可知在南非旅行的费用是230*9=2070，通过比较可知，去加拿大旅行的费用最高，选B。
4. 推理判断题。由During this twelve days tour you will hike a glacier to beautiful scenery and wander through postcard-worthy villages.以及Spend seven days full of adventure like hiking glaciers, snowshoeing through Thingvellir National Park, 可知在加拿大和冰岛游客们都可以徒步冰山，选B。
【名师点睛】

B
When Hai started college, he weighed over 250 pounds. Healthy food choices were difficult for him, and he was emotionally distraught(忧心忡忡). However, when he left home for college, he was able for the first time to start taking his life and weight into his own hands.
He started by shopping at a local farmers’ market, an experience that inspired him profoundly. The idea that a farmer’s market represents local, sustainable, healthy food with a human connection where you can interact with the people that grow your produce was extremely appealing to him, and he began to think about the food that people at his university were eating. From what he saw at farmers’ markets, Hai realized that dining hall food was not “real” food. A lot of it is frozen or processed, and has unhealthy additives. His ideas continued to develop as he started taking classes about food sustainability at university, and after the summer of 2014 during which he cooperated with other students, he launched into his senior year at the University of California full force with the Real Food Challenge(RFC) campaign, a project he co-founded that aims to reinvest university spending in food that is “real”: ecologically-sound, community-based, humane, and fair; as opposed to those traditional purchases with those unhealthy additives and processed products
Not only has Hai started a movement of change across the university dining system, but he has also grown extremely as an individual, now with strong leadership abilities and great vision. In addition, after he started learning about food sustainability and taking action at university, Hai has lost over 100 pounds, and has been able to start enjoying activities such as backpacking and swimming that were not a possibility for him previously. He is confident instead of distraught now.
5. When did Hai get the idea of “real” food?
A. When purchasing the locally-made food
B. When reforming the university dining system
C. When reinvesting university spending in food
D. When organizing the Real Food Challenge campaign
6. What benefit has the campaign brought to Hai’s occupational development?
A. He has been hired by the university
B. He has become an expert in food field
C. He has got excellent leading ability
D. He has become much thinner than before
7. According to Hai, “real” food is .
A. rich in nutrition B. made by experts
C. frozen or processed D. healthy without additives
【答案】5. A 6. C 7. D
【解析】这篇文章主要讲了Hai在读了大学以后，各个方面都发生了很好的变化。
5. 细节理解题。由From what he saw at farmers’ markets, Hai realized that dining hall food was not “real” food. 可知当Hai购买当地生产的食物时，他才意识到什么是真正的食物，选A。
6. 细节理解题。由Not only has Hai started a movement of change across the university dining system, but he has also grown extremely as an individual, now with strong leadership abilities and great vision.可知这次竞选使他获得了卓越的领导才能，选C。
7. 推理判断题。由A lot of it is frozen or processed, and has unhealthy additives. 可推断出在Hai看来，真正的食物是健康，没有添加的食物，选D。
C
Feifei, an 11-year-old boy from Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, suffered from a sudden acute eye disease which has almost led to blindness. The disease was caused by excessive(过度的) eye fatigue(疲劳) during the winter vacation, during which he played computer games for continuous 10 days and nights.
Many youngsters in China nowadays are increasingly addicted to computer games and other electronic products. This is followed by a series of health problems, with the most typical case being myopia, or nearsightedness.
According to the latest research report released by the World Health Organization(WHO), the myopia rate among Chinese teenagers ranks first in the world-70 percent of high school and college students. The rate is nearly 40 percent in primary school students, while it is only 10 percent for their peers in the United States.
There are at least 10 million people in China with severe myopia, and they are likely to get pathological(病理性的) myopia in middle age. Pathological myopia can't be treated with glasses or surgery, and it is one of the biggest factors that lead to blindness, Xu Xun, director of the ophthalmology(眼科学 ) department at Shanghai General Hospital, pointed out.
Experts explain that two major factors lead to the high rate of myopia among Chinese people. One is high academic pressure, and the other one is excessive use of electronic devices over a long period of time. Genetics, on the other hand, are not the main reason, as only 20 percent of Chinese people had myopia in the 1960s.
"Teenagers are now faced with severe academic pressure, which means they often study without natural light. This increases their risk of becoming nearsighted," Xu said.
Experts suggest that youngsters maintain a proper balance between study and rest so as to protect their eyesight, and parents should play an active role in the process.
8. Why does the author mention Feifei's experience in the first paragraph?
A. To advise people to protect their eyes
B. To introduce the topic of nearsightedness
C. To inform people of the cause of blindness
D. To show that Feifei developed an eye disease
9. What can be learnt from the passage?
A. Nearsightedness may cause other health problems
B. There are more nearsighted students in the United States
C. 70 percent Chinese students in primary school are nearsighted
D. Pathological myopia is most likely to cause blindness
10. Which of the following can be a main reason for myopia?
A. Genetics factors B. Low academic pressure.
C. Overuse of electronic devices D Reading in natural light
11. What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph?
A. The significance of protecting eyesight
B. Youngsters' bad behavior leading to myopia
C. The relationship between youngsters and their parents
D. Parents' role in helping youngsters protect their eyesight
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. C 11. D
【解析】目前青少年近视日益增长，电子设备的过度使用是近视的主要原因之一。父母应该帮助青少年保护视力。
8. B
推理判断题。根据第一段Feifei, an 11 -year-old boy from Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, suffered from a sudden acute eye disease which has almost led to blindness. The disease was caused by excessive (过度的) eye fatigue (疲劳) during the winter vacation, during which he played computer games for continuous 10 days and nights.可知作者提到菲菲的经历是为了介绍近视眼这一话题。故答案为B。
9. D
细节理解题。根据第四段中they are likely to get pathological (病理性的) myopia in middle age. Pathological myopia can’t be treated with glasses or surgery, and it is one of the biggest factors that lead to blindness,可知病理性近视最有可能导致失明。D项符合题意。
10. C
细节理解题。根据第五段第一、二句Experts explain that two major factors lead to the high rate of myopia among Chinese people. One is high academic pressure, and the other one is excessive use of electronic devices over a long period of time.可知电子设备的过度使用是近视的主要原因之一。答案为C。
11. D
推理判断题。根据最后一段Experts suggest that youngsters maintain a proper balance between study and rest so as to protect their eyesight, and parents should play an active role in the process.可知在接下来应该讨论的是“父母在帮助青少年保护视力方面的作用。”答案为D。
D
Psychology tells us that many people hate to take risks. But it is good for us to take risks, especially when the risk is to achieve a desired result. In that way, we become stronger and braver.
Our human nature should be to take risks, but some people just sit and wish they didn't have the fear to move on. This is because they failed a few times in their lives. Please step out and don't let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest. Move forward and move on! In studying the psychology of taking risks, we find that human provides us with the desire to experiment and take chances.
Risk taking is a great advantage that allowed our ancestors to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories. This attitude has become a part of our modern culture. Riding a roller coaster is a common risk taking activity. Even each person seems to enjoy the risk although they have the understanding that it is dangerous. This psychological and biological connection creates an interesting connection between what is unsafe and what humans enjoy.
Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk, too. We need to take risks so that we can complete many things. Astronauts take risks when they get inside a rocket; however, the things they achieve are great. Businessmen take a risk when they buy parts of a company, however, without doing that, they could not make more money.
We need to take risks so that we can gain something. It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or doing anything else without taking a risk. It is all part of the game. It' s one of the most important parts of life.
12. Some people don' t want to take risks, mainly because .
A. they are too lazy to move on
B. they feel pleased with the present life
C. they have failed several times before
D. they show little interest in the strange world outside
13. What does the underlined part "This attitude" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Taking risks B. Fighting off enemies
C. Discovering new territories D. Becoming stronger and stronger
14. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Daily life is full of risks
B. The safest place has the greatest risk
C. People should take risks when they are young
D. We can always achieve our goals by taking risks
15. What would be the title for the passage?
A. Taking Risks Is Easier Said than Done B. Risks Taken by Ancestors
C. Live Our Life to the Fullest D. No Risk, No Gain
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. A 15. D
【解析】
12. 细节题:从文章第二段的句子:This is because of one or two failures in their lives.说明是以前经历过失败使他们害怕冒险.选C
13. 词义指代题:上面两句话都是讲的take risk,说明这个态度也是冒险.选A
14. 推理题:从第五段我们推断出:日常生活中充满了危险.选A
15. 主旨题:从最后一段We need to take risks so that we can gain something.可知文章的主旨是没有冒险就没有收获.选 D
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Calm Down at Work
The workplace can be a stressful place. Anxiety, conflict, bad management and overwork can lead to frustration and stress.___16___
Keep something you like to look at within sight. A photo of a loved one or a favorite personal souvenir are the best examples. Keep such an item somewhere you can glance at it whenever you wish to do so.___17___
Take a moment to engage your body. If you' re unable to leave your work area, stand and stretch for a moment. Muscle tension exercises can also help you calm down.___18___For instance, start by squeezing all of your face muscles as tightly as you can for twenty seconds and slowly releasing them.
Write down the reason why you are upset.___19___Getting your thoughts and feelings out on paper can help clarify the issue you' re having. Writing down your thoughts can even help you determine the best way to address your frustration or anxiety and move forward.
___20___If you and another co-worker are constantly frustrated with one another, set up a time to speak with him or her. Say something like, "Hey, Sarah, let' s sit down sometime soon and chat to make sure we' re on the same page about our upcoming project."
A. Turn to your workmates for help
B. Communicate with your workmates
C. A vase of flowers on your desk is another good example
D. Focus on one particular muscle or muscle group at a time
E. Here are the steps you can take to help you calm down at work
F. Engage your body by rolling your head, shoulder, and ankles while sitting
G. The best way to figure out exactly what's bothering you is to write it down
【答案】16. E 17.