小升初英语阅读理解题型过关技巧指导+专项训练练习题(含答案解析).doc

小升初英语阅读理解题型过关技巧指导一、培养正确的阅读习惯有许多孩子在长期的学习中往往形成了各种阅读习惯，如一个词一个词地读，且常伴有一些习惯动作：用手指、摆头等，这就是速读的障碍，并且可能影响到孩子一生的阅读。有些不良的习惯会影响到他们正常的阅读，我们应注意纠正他们以下的不良方式：（1）用手指或笔指词阅读；（2）逐词阅读；（3）复读；（4）声读；（5）心译。这些做法的结果往往是降低阅读速度，不利于把注意力集中在作者要表达的思想或传递的信息上。应当指出，孩子在平常的阅读中都会出现个别的、有意识的复视或回视，但过分的回视则会影响阅读的速度乃至对文章有效的理解。二、加强按意群阅读的训练 按意群阅读是一种科学的阅读方法。它首先要求把所读的句子尽可能分成意义较完整的组群，目光要尽可能少地停顿。试比较：（1）I / usually / go / to / school / by / bike.（目光停顿7次），（2）I usually / go to school / by bike.（目光停3次）。其中，（1）为逐词读，（2） 为按意群读。具体说来，读的时候我们要指导学生，不要把目光停在某一个词上，而应该用两眼余光看这个词两侧的词，眼睛不要盯在字行上，要高一些，这样，映 入眼帘的便是词组而不是单个的词；读的时候要少眨眼、不摆头，只要眼球来回转动就可以了；保持坐姿端正，书本应放到眼睛正前方，眼睛与书本距离大约一尺为 宜，这样才能保证同一适当距离、同一视角范围内尽可能多地摄入文字信息，正确的读书写字姿势，如下图：关键在于它既不是默读（心读）更不是朗读，而是通过目光在外语与大脑之间建立直接的联系，即外语思维。这是一个简捷快速的过程，非经过大量阅读训练的妙手岂能偶而得之？因此，我们在平常可以教给学生试试以下两个方法：1. 快速朗读已经熟悉的课文等文字材料（最好朗读到能够熟练背诵的程度）。通过这种练习，对什么是意群，怎样区分意群，如何把注意力放在一个意群的中心词上，逐步就会有所实际地感受。2. 把课文或阅读过的材料按意群分行抄写下来，再用目光扫读，使眼睛习惯于一扫一段。随 着阅读的深入，熟练的孩子在阅读过程中能根据自己的阅读目的、阅读内容和文体调整阅读速度，并利用头脑中已有的相关知识，借助尽可能少的文字信息进行选 择、推测和推理，必要时还能跳出文段客观地判断作者意图。也就是说一些孩子能过渡到跳读和略读环节。我们必须明确地告诉孩子，跳读和略读的关键是要抓住文 章的开头和结尾以及各段的关键词和主题句。主题句可能在各段开头也可能出现在结尾。三、培养语言预测能力所谓语言预测，就是根据词语的搭配习惯以及语法知识（词法和句法），凭借上文，猜测出下文可能出现的内容，达到“未睹先知”的目的。例如，利用词法的搭配习惯，在读到I go to school by . 时，我们就能猜到下文要出现一个交通工具的单词；利用句法知识，在我们读到Thank you for . 时，我们就可以预知下文会出现一个动名词，这样就有助于我们在整体理解全句。熟悉和体验词语的搭配关系也是预测能力的体现。例如读到He likes listening . 时，就知道下面一定跟一个介词to的结构；读到Little Water Drop goes higher and . 时也会知道下面要跟的肯定是一个比较级的形式。眼未到心先知，眼再到时得到证实一闪而过就行了，这样读起来，自然就会快多了。四、避免翻译在开始的时候，逐句翻译成中文来心译理解是难以避免的一个现象。但如果总要依赖翻译，养成习惯了，势必影响到阅读速度。当然用英文直接思维，这不是一下子就可以完全做到的，但可以循序渐进，例如我们学了apple这个单词，我们在文章中见到它时，并不是按照英语中文实物去理解，而是可以直接由英语到实物。再如读到She was flying a kite.时，我们就可以直接体会到“一个女孩子手中拿着线，天上风筝飘呀飘呀”的画面，避免了译成中文“她正在放风筝”后，再到画面的中间环节，那么就节省了时间。在 英语的阅读理解中，孩子往往会或多或少地遇到各种各样的生词，这是影响孩子阅读速度的最大障碍了。若把阅读过程比作一条奔流的小溪，那么生词便是顽石、沟 坎，使溪流不断回漩激起浪花；冲过去便渐入佳境，冲不过去便成为一潭死水。跨越生词障碍可以通过猜测词义来解决。猜测词义的方法有很多，有的时候不靠查字 典，的确很难猜出一个词的真正意义，其实这时只要孩子能看出它的词性、在句中的作用，不影响阅读就足够了。例如：PEP教材六上活动手册第38页第5题Read and answer中有这样的句子：Her friend Judy likes playing the violin. But Sally doesnt play any instruments. She doesnt like music.很明显，instruments没学过，是生词，但并不影响学生的阅读，学生通过上文中的violin下文中的music，能明白。这正如我们小的时候在看长篇小说或大部头的书时，碰到不认识的字词，并不是用查字典的办法去弄清楚它的读音和意思，而是仅仅揣摩一下它的含义，不求甚解。生词问题解决了，就为以后的阅读铺平了道路。阅读理解猜词六技巧介绍如下：1.通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：You shouldnt have blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是责备。2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于行星这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all.handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。3.通过构词法猜词在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought.从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为久旱，旱灾。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。5.通过句法功能来推测词义例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。6.通过描述猜词描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。二、阅读理解2阅读理解阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。 Today is Saturday. Its a nice day. John and Jim go to a nature park. There is a big forest in the park. There is a beautiful lake near the forest and they can see some fish in it. There is a bridge over the river. They take some pictures on the bridge. There is a mountain in the park. They want to climb mountains, but they have no time.（1）John and Jim go to a nature _today. （2）There is a beautiful lake _the forest in the park. （3）John and Jim see some fish _ the lake. （4）John and Jim take pictures on the _. （5）They want to _ mountains, but they have no time. 【答案】 （1）park（2）near（3）in（4）bridge（5）climb 【考点】阅读理解 【解析】【分析】这是介绍John和Jim去自然公园的情况。 （1）根据短文叙述 John and Jim go to a nature park. （John和Jim去了自然公园。）可知应填park。故答案为：park。 （2）根据短文叙述 There is a beautiful lake near the forest and they can see some fish in it. （在森林旁边有一个美丽的湖，他们可以看到里面有一些鱼。）可知应填near。故答案为：near。 （3）根据短文叙述 There is a beautiful lake near the forest and they can see some fish in it. （在森林旁边有一个美丽的湖，他们可以看到里面有一些鱼。）可知应填fish。故答案为：fish。 （4）根据短文叙述 They take some pictures on the bridge. （他们在桥上拍了一些照片。）可知应填bridge。故答案为：bridge。 （5）根据短文叙述 They want to climb mountains, but they have no time. （他们想要爬山，但是他们没有时间。）可知应填climb。故答案为：climb。 【点评】这是考查阅读理解的题目。首先仔细阅读短文，然后根据短文叙述来补全句子。 3阅读理解阅读理解 This is Teds China diary.Saturday, July 23 Sunny and hot Bills family took me to Xidan today. Its a famous shopping centre in Beijing. We went to Xidan Bookshop first. Bills father bought some books for me. He bought two English books about China and one English-Chinese dictionary. I am happy because now I can learn more about China and also learn more Chinese. Next we went to a big shopping mall. First I bought a lovely toy panda for my cousin. I also bought silk scarves for my mum and Tina, and a silk shirt for my dad. Then Bill took me to a special kite shop. There were so many beautiful kites. Bill bought me a kite that looks like a bird. Bill is going to teach me to fly it tomorrow. Last, we went to a restaurant. We ate delicious Beijing duck there. I really like Chinese food.Questions:（1）Who took Ted to Xidan? （2）Where did Ted go first? （3）What did they eat at the restaurant? （4）What are Ted and Bill going to do tomorrow? 【答案】 （1）Bills family.（2）He went to Xidan Bookshop first.（3）They ate delicious Beijing duck there.（4）Bill is going to teach Ted to fly the kite tomorrow. 【考点】阅读理解 【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了泰德的日记。 （1）句意：谁带泰德去西单？根据 Bills family took me to Xidan today. 可知比尔的家人。，故答案为 Bills family. （2）句意：泰德先去哪儿了？根据We went to Xidan Bookshop first. 可知他先去西单书店，故答案为 He went to Xidan Bookshop first. （3）句意：他们在餐馆吃了什么？根据 We ate delicious Beijing duck there. ，可知他们在那里吃了美味的北京烤鸭，故答案为 They ate delicious Beijing duck there. （4）句意：泰德和比尔明天要做什么？根据 Bill bought me a kite that looks like a bird. Bill is going to teach me to fly it tomorrow. 可知比尔明天要教泰德放风筝，故答案为 Bill is going to teach Ted to fly the kite tomorrow. 【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，首先通读短文，理解大意；其次阅读题干，根据题干信息找出相关句进行回答。 4阅读理解阅读理解 Hans Christian Andersen （18051875）was the most famous writer in Denmark. His stories have attracted many young readers around the world.Andersens father was a poor shoe-maker. As he was very young, Hans was spoilt by his parents and his grandmother. But when he was 11years old, his father died and the boy had to leave school. His mother made a living by washing clothes, while Hans spent a great deal of time making theatre toys and puppets. He reads as many books as he could. Andersen published his first tale in 1835, and continued writing until he died. Andersens words are simple and humor. The stories became popular in the early 1840s, and made Andersen famous more and more. Among the best known of his fairy tales are The Ugly Duckling, The Emperors New Clothes, A Little Match Girl and so on.（1）Hans Christian Andersen was a famous . A.writerB.workerC.scientist（2）Andersens father was a . A.workerB.shoe-makerC.clothes-maker（3） Andersen published his first tale. A.In the early 1840sB.In 1875C.In 1835（4）Andersens words are . A.beautifulB.interestingC.simple（5）A Little Match Girl in Chinese is . A.一个小火柴女孩B.卖火柴的小女孩C.点火柴的女孩【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）C（4）C（5）B 【考点】阅读理解 【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了丹麦最著名的作家安徒生。 （1）根据 Hans Christian Andersen （18051875）was the most famous writer in Denmark. 可知安徒生是一位著名的作家，故答案为A. （2）根据 Andersens father was a poor shoe-maker. 可知安徒生的父亲是一个贫穷的鞋的制造商，故答案为B. （3）根据 Andersen published his first tale in 1835, and continued writing until he died. 可知835年安徒生出版了他的第一部小说，故答案为C. （4）根据 Andersens words are simple and humor. 可知安徒生的话很简单，故答案为C. （5） A Little Match Girl 汉语是卖火柴的小女孩 ，故答案为B. 【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，首先通读短文，理解大意；其次阅读题干，根据题干信息找出相关句进行选择。 5阅读理解阅读短文，判断下列句子正误 There are many more and more animals in danger at present, so it is our responsibility to protect them. Its wrong for people to hunt animals for their meat and fur, for they are our good friends. We should protect them instead of killing them. Pandas, which are one of the endangered animals, live in the forests and live on bamboo leaves. They can just live safely in the natural protection zones. We should stop killing animals and protect them.（1）The story tells us many animals are in danger. （2）Its wrong for people to hunt animals for their meat and fur, for they are our good friends. （3）People shouldnt protect them instead of killing them. （4）Panda can just live safely in the natural protection zones. （5）We should stop killing animals and protect them. 【答案】 （1）1（2）1（3）0（4）1（5）1 【考点】阅读理解 【解析】【分析】这是呼吁人们保护动物的短文。 （1）句意：这个故事告诉我们许多动物都处于危险中。根据短文叙述 There are many more and more animals in danger at present （目前许多越来越多的动物处于危险境地。）可知题目叙述正确。故答案为：正确。 （2）句意：人们猎取动物来获得肉和皮毛是错误的，因为它们是我们的好朋友。根据短文叙述 Its wrong for people to hunt animals for their meat and fur, for they are our good friends. （人们猎取动物来获得肉和皮毛是错误的，因为它们是我们的好朋友。）可知题目叙述正确。故答案为：正确。 （3）句意：人们不应该保护它们而是杀死它们。根据短文叙述 We should protect them instead of killing them. （我们应该保护它们而不是杀死它们。）可知题目叙述错误。故答案为：错误。 （4）句意：大熊猫仅仅能够安全地生活在自然保护区。根据短文叙述 They can just live safely in the natural protection zones. （它们仅仅能够安全地生活在自然保护区。）可知题目叙述正确。故答案为：正确。 （5）句意：我们应该停止猎杀动物并来保护它们。根据短文叙述 We should stop killing animals and protect them. （我们应该停止猎杀动物并来保护它们。）可知题目叙述正确。故答案为：正确。 【点评】这是考查阅读理解的题目。仔细阅读短文，然后根据短文叙述来判断句子正误。 6阅读理解读短文，判断下列句子正误 A Farewell PartyDear friends， Its time to leave our school. We are all going to middle school soon，so we will say goodbye to each other. We are going to have a party. Time: Friday, 3 pm Place: Music Room Activities: We will listen to music，play games and dance. We will also give presents to all the students. It will be very funny. See you at the party!（1）Its an invitation of a birthday party. （2）They will have the party on Friday. （3）The party will be at three oclock in the morning. （4）They will meet at the park. （5）They will give presents to all the students and teachers. 【答案】 （1）0（2）1（3）0（4）0（5）0 【考点】阅读理解 【解析】【分析】大意：一封欢送会的邀请函。 （1）句意：这是生日聚会的邀请。根据A Farewell Party.可知是欢送会邀请函，故答案为错误。 （2）句意：他们星期五举行聚会。根据 Time: Friday, 3 pm ，可知他们星期五举行聚会，故答案为正确。 （3）句意：聚会将在上午三点举行。根据Time: Friday, 3 pm ，可知聚会将在下午三点举行，故答案为错误。 （4）句意：他们将在公园见面。根据 See you at the party! 可知他们将在聚会见面，故答案为错误。 （5）句意：向全体师生赠送礼物。根据 We will also give presents to all the students. 可知我们还将向所有学生赠送礼物，故答案为错误。 【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误。 7阅读理解阅读理解，判断句子正误 Hi. My name is Zhangpeng. Im 11 years old. Im 1.62 metres tall. Im 45 kilo-grams. I like drawing pictures. Every morning, I go to school with my good friend, Dongdong. We go on foot. Dongdong is 11 years old. Hes 2 kilograms heavier than me. But Im 3 cm taller than him. We study in No. 1 Primary School. Wenwen is my sister. Were in the same (一样) school. Shes one year older than me. She likes sports. She is taller and stronger than me. She loves me and I love her, too.（1）Zhang Peng is 1.62 metres. （2）Zhang Peng is older than Dongdong. （3）Dongdong is 2 kilograms heavier than Zhang Peng. （4）Wenwen is 2 years older than Dongdong. （5）Wenwen is stronger and taller than Zhang Peng. 【答案】 （1）1（2）0（3）1（4）0（5）1 【考点】阅读理解 【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍张鹏，东东和雯雯情况的短文。 （1）句意：张鹏1.62米高。根据短文叙述 Im 1.62 metres tall. （我1.62米高。）可知题目叙述正确。故答案为：正确。 （2）句意：张鹏比东东年龄大。根据短文叙述 Im 11 years old. （我11岁了。）和 Dongdong is 11 years old. （东东11岁了。）可知两人同岁。题目叙述错误。故答案为：错误。 （3）句意：东东比张鹏重2公斤。根据短文叙述 Hes 2 kilograms heavier than me. （他比我重2公斤。）可知题目叙述正确。故答案为：正确。 （4）句意：雯雯比东东大2岁。根据短文叙述 Im 11 years old. （我11岁了。）和Dongdong is 11 years old. （东东11岁了。）和 Shes one year older than me. （她比我大1岁。）可知大一岁。题目叙述错误。故答案为：错误。 （5）句意：雯雯比张鹏既壮又高。根据短文叙述 She is taller and stronger than me. （她比我既壮又高。）可知题目叙述正确。故答案为：正确。 【点评】这是考查阅读理解的题目。首先仔细阅读短文，然后根据短文叙述来判断正误。8阅读理解根据短文内容判断下列各句的正误 Dear Cindy, Please come to my twelfth birthday party at 6:00 p.m. on Saturday. Now I will tell you how to come to my home. Start from the hospital behind your home. Turn right at the hospital. Then go straight for 10 minutes. After that, turn left at the library. My home is near the library. Its in a yellow building. My home is on the ninth floor.Yours,Lucy（1）Lucy is eleven years old. （2）Cindys home is in front of the hospital. （3）Cindy should turn left at the hospital. （4）Lucys home is near the library. （5）Lucy lives on the tenth floor. 【答案】 （1）0（2）1（3）0（4）1（5）0 【考点】阅读理解 【解析】【分析】大意：露西写给辛迪信件，告诉露西来参加她的十二岁生日聚会，聚会的时间，地点，怎样到达露西家。 （1）句意：露西十一岁了。根据 Please come to my twelfth birthday party at 6:00 p.m. on Saturday. 可知露西十二岁了。故答案为错误。 （2）句意：辛迪的家在医院前面。根据 Start from the hospital behind your home. 可知辛迪的家在医院前面。故答案为正确。 （3）句意：辛迪应该在医院左转。根据 Turn right at the hospital. 可知辛迪应该在医院右转。故答案为错误。 （4）句意：露西的家在图书馆附近。根据 My home is near the library. 可知露西的家在图书馆附近。故答案为正确。 （5）句意：露西住在十楼。根据 My home is on the ninth floor. 可知露西住在九楼。故答案为错误。 【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译信件内容，然后根据信件内容，判断句子正确或错误。 9阅读理解根据下列假期特色活动提供的信息，选出最佳答案。 Holiday is coming!9.30 am - 6.00 pmModel plane camp for childrenAugust 1st_August 15thYou can make model planes here.Tel: [phone]National Park Opening 8:00 am - 6:30 pm (May - November)8:30 am -5:30 pm (December - April)Tel: [phone]Campfire PartyWe are going to have a party for children.6:30 pm 8:30 pm on June 1stIn Central Park on Fifth StreetTel: 6988458Tents (帐篷)for Rent120 one night - one or two people200 one night - family size (four people)Please call Mr. Smith at 9685867.（1）