PaymentTerms.pptx

Chapter 6 Payment TermsIntroductionTrading with other countries is not the same as trading Trading with other countries is not the same as trading within ones own country.Both exporters and within ones own country.Both exporters and importers face risks in export or import transactions importers face risks in export or import transactions because they will inevitably experience the possibility because they will inevitably experience the possibility that the other party may not fulfill the contract.that the other party may not fulfill the contract.For exporter,they are likely to take the risks of buyer For exporter,they are likely to take the risks of buyer default;the customers might not pay in full for the default;the customers might not pay in full for the goods.goods.For importer,they may face the risks that the goods will For importer,they may face the risks that the goods will be delayed and they might only receive them a long time be delayed and they might only receive them a long time after paying for them.after paying for them.In order to prevent such risks,different methods of In order to prevent such risks,different methods of payment have been developed.The modes of payment payment have been developed.The modes of payment in international trade can be generally divided into in international trade can be generally divided into three categories,illustrated as follows:three categories,illustrated as follows:remittance,remittance,collection and letter of credit.collection and letter of credit.汇付和托收属于商业信用，信用证属于银行信用。汇付和托收属于商业信用，信用证属于银行信用。“信用信用”在对外贸易中货物的交接和货款的付款在对外贸易中货物的交接和货款的付款上规定由谁承担付款和提供货物所有权单据的责上规定由谁承担付款和提供货物所有权单据的责任问题。在汇付和托收项下，买方负责付款，卖任问题。在汇付和托收项下，买方负责付款，卖方负责提交装船单据。在信用证交易项下，银行方负责提交装船单据。在信用证交易项下，银行代替买卖双方负责付款和提交单据。代替买卖双方负责付款和提交单据。Utilization of Various methods of Payment各种支付方式的运用各种支付方式的运用 L/C 信用信用证证Remittance 汇付汇付Collection 托收托收 A set of original documentsMethods of PaymentuuRemittance 汇付uuCollection 托收uuLetter of Credit 信用证Definition Remittance is a process that the payer instructs his bank or other institutions to have a payment made to the payee.In international sales of goods,remittance service is often used for payment of advance payment,cash with order,open account,payment in installments and commission,etc.Parties involved汇款人 Remitter 收款人 Payee/Beneficiary汇出行 Remitting Bank汇入行 Paying Bank汇付支付方式中，银行只提供服务而不提供信汇付支付方式中，银行只提供服务而不提供信用，所以汇付属于商业信用用，所以汇付属于商业信用Remittance汇付汇付M/TMail transfer信汇信汇T/TTelegraphic transfer电汇电汇D/DDemand Draft票汇票汇汇付方式虽然通过银行来办理，但它是由买卖双方汇付方式虽然通过银行来办理，但它是由买卖双方根据贸易合同互相提供信用，因此属于商业信用。根据贸易合同互相提供信用，因此属于商业信用。Mail Transfer(M/T)It is a process that the remitting bank,at the request of the remittance,sends instructions by mail to the paying bank asking it to make a certain amount of payment to the payee.汇出行应汇款人的申请，将信汇委托书或支付通知书通过邮政信件寄给汇入行，授权解付一定金额给收款人.features:made between banks by mail it is slow it is cheaperTelegraphic Transfer(T/T)It is also named as cable transfer or wire transfer.It is a process that the remitting bank,at the request of the remittance,sends a cable to its correspondent bank in the country concerned instruction,to make a certain amount of payment to the payee.汇出行应汇款人的申请，以电报或电传发出付款委托通知书给汇入行，授权解付款项给收款人features:safety and quickness high cost SWIFT信汇和电汇的一般业务程序：信汇和电汇的一般业务程序：信汇和电汇的一般业务程序：信汇和电汇的一般业务程序：RemittercontractRemitting BankPaying BankPayee汇款申请书，交款付费回单付款通知书汇款通知收据付款付迄借记通知(T/T）（M/TM/T）Demand Draft Demand Draft(D D/D D)It is a process that the remitting bank,at the request of It is a process that the remitting bank,at the request of the remittance,draws a demand draft on its branch or the remittancedraws a demand draft on its branch or correspondent bank instructing it to make a certain correspondent bank instructing it to make a certain amount of payment to the payee on behalf of the amount of payment to the payee on behalf of the remitter.remitter.汇出行应汇款人的申请，代汇款人开立以其分行汇出行应汇款人的申请，代汇款人开立以其分行或代理行为或代理行为解付行的解付行的银行即期汇票银行即期汇票，支付一定金支付一定金额额交交给给收款人收款人的一种汇款方式的一种汇款方式Demand draft is often used when the customer wants Demand draft is often used when the customer wants to transfer the funds to his beneficiary by himselfto transfer the funds to his beneficiary by himself.It is It is cheaper but slower method of transferring funds.cheaper but slower method of transferring funds.票汇的一般业务程序：票汇的一般业务程序：票汇的一般业务程序：票汇的一般业务程序：RemittercontractRemitting BankPaying BankPayee票汇申请书，交款付费银行即期汇票寄汇票通知书背书后交汇票付款收回垫款/付迄借记通知 （D/DD/D）寄交银行即期汇票汇付方式在国际贸易方式中的应用1、Payment after Arrival of the Goods（货到付款）2、Payment in Advance预付货款）3、Remittance against Documents（凭单付汇）在预付货款的情况下，进口商为避免货款两空，要求解付行解付货款时，收款人必须提供某些指定单据。汇付条款应明确汇付时间、汇付方法和金额票汇与电汇、信汇有两点不同：票汇与电汇、信汇有两点不同：（1）票汇的汇入行，即汇票的付款行无须通知收款人，而由收款人自行持票上门取款；（2）电汇、信汇的收款人不能将收款权转让，所以涉及的当事人较少，而票汇的收款人可以通过背书转让汇票，可能涉及的当事人较多。在国际贸易中，如果使用汇付时，大多数交易是通过信汇和电汇来完成的。电汇对卖方有利，他可以较快地收到货款，加速资金周转，增加利息收入和避免汇率变动的风险，但买方却要多付电报费用和银行费用。在实际业务中，除非明确规定要使用电汇，买方最好通过信汇付款。有时，当款项的金额较大或因货币市场动荡，使用的结算货币有贬值的可能时，通过电汇付款是买方明智的选择。总之，是用电汇还是信汇要根据实际情况在合同中明确规定。就票汇来说，它是可以转让的，这一点与信汇和电汇不同。Methods of PaymentuuRemittance 汇付uuCollection 托收uuLetter of Credit 信用证When funds are not required immediately，or where bills are not sufficiently attractive to a banker for negotiation,they may be handed by an exporter to his bank for collectionThe exporter asks his bank to arrange for the acceptance or payment of the bill overseas,and the bank will carry out his task through its own branch office abroad or a corresponding bank.托收的托收的托收的托收的性质性质、作用、作用、作用、作用托收的性质属于商业信用。在托收结算中，银托收的性质属于商业信用。在托收结算中，银行虽然代收款，但无敦促债务人付款的义务，行虽然代收款，但无敦促债务人付款的义务，银行只提供服务，不提供信用，是否能收至款，银行只提供服务，不提供信用，是否能收至款，仍然取决于债务人。托收项下出口人向进口人仍然取决于债务人。托收项下出口人向进口人提供信用和资金融通，可以达到吸引客户、调提供信用和资金融通，可以达到吸引客户、调动其经营积极性、扩大出口及提高产品竞争力动其经营积极性、扩大出口及提高产品竞争力的目的。对进口人的好处是不用垫付资金。的目的。对进口人的好处是不用垫付资金托收是指债权人（出口人）出具债权凭证（汇票等）委托银行向债务人（进口人）收取货款。基本做法：基本做法：基本做法：基本做法：由出口人根据发票金额开出以进口人为付款人 的汇票，向出口地银行提出托收申请，委托出口地银行（托收行）通过它在进口地的代理行或往来银行代向进口人收取货款。Parties involvedParties involved委托人-principal/seller/drawer托收银行-remitting bank 代收行-collecting bank 提示行-presenting bank付款人-payer/buyer/draweeTypes of collectionclean collection(光票托收)documentary collection(跟单托收)光票托收是指资金单据的托收，不附有商业单据(资金单据是指汇票、本票、支票、付款收据或其他用于取得付款的类似凭证；商业单据是指发票、装运单据、所有权单据或其他类似的单据，或一切不属于资金单据的其他单据)。跟单托收是指：资金单据的托收，附有商业单据；商业单据的托收，不附有资金单据。在国际贸易中大多采用跟单托收。跟单托收又分为付款交单和承兑交单两种。documentary collectiondocuments against payment,D/P(付款交单)documents against acceptanceD/A (承兑交单)D/P at sight （即期付款交单）D/P after sight （远期付款交单）付款交单要求转交货运单据即付货款，而承兑交单要求进口商承承兑出口商开具的汇票才转交货运单据。TypesClean collection Documentary collection D/PD/A D/P sight D/P after sight Documentary CollectionIt is a means of ensuring that goods(title It is a means of ensuring that goods(title documents)are only handed over to the buyer by the documents)are only handed over to the buyer by the collecting bank when the amount shown on a bill of collecting bank when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the buyer accepts the bill exchange is paid or when the buyer accepts the bill as a contract to pay at a specified date.as a contract to pay at a specified date.出口方根据买卖合同先行发运货物，然后开立汇票连同货运单据委托托收行通过代收行向进口方收款 Documents against Payment(D/P)It means documents can only be released to the It means documents can only be released to the buyer when he has paid the amount on the draft.buyer when he has paid the amount on the draft.D/P at sightD/P at sight:Payment of the draft amount should be made as soon as the buyer is presented the draft.D/P after sightD/P after sight:The buyer will pay the draft amount a specified number days after the draft is presented and accepted.D/P at sight D/P at sight payercontractCollecting bankRemitting bankPrincipal托收申请书即期汇票货运单据即期汇票货运单据付款提示付款交单转账交款D/P after sight D/P after sight payercontractCollecting bankRemitting bankPrincipal托收申请书远期汇票货运单据远期汇票货运单据承兑提示付款交单转账交款承兑汇票付款提示Documents against Acceptance（D/A)In this situation,the documents representing the In this situation,the documents representing the title to the goods will be released to the buyer once title to the goods will be released to the buyer once the buyer has accepted the draft.the buyer has accepted the draft.Payment will be made when the usance period is Payment will be made when the usance period is due.due.买方在汇票上承兑后即可取得货运单据买方在汇票上承兑后即可取得货运单据It is based on the buyerIt is based on the buyer s credit,so it is not s credit,so it is not very secure.very secure.D/AD/ApayercontractCollecting bankRemitting bankPrincipal托收申请书远期汇票货运单据远期汇票货运单据承兑提示付款交单转账交款承兑汇票付款提示Features of collectionIt involves more risk compared with L/CCollection is based on commercial credit.It relies on the buyer to pay.Banks only provide services.托收的性质为商业信用。银行有托收的性质为商业信用。银行有“三不管三不管”：一、不负责审查单据；一、不负责审查单据；二、不负责买方是否付款；二、不负责买方是否付款；三、不负责货物的真实情况。三、不负责货物的真实情况。就卖方而言，使用托收应注意下列事项：就卖方而言，使用托收应注意下列事项：就卖方而言，使用托收应注意下列事项就卖方而言，使用托收应注意下列事项：1 1、要切实了解买方的资信情况和经营作风，成交金额不、要切实了解买方的资信情况和经营作风，成交金额不宜超过其信用额度。宜超过其信用额度。2 2、了解进口国家的贸易管制和外汇管制条例，以免货到、了解进口国家的贸易管制和外汇管制条例，以免货到目的地后，由于不准进口或收不到外汇而造成不应有的目的地后，由于不准进口或收不到外汇而造成不应有的损失。损失。3 3、了解进口国家的商业惯例，以免由于当地习惯做法，、了解进口国家的商业惯例，以免由于当地习惯做法，影响安全迅速收汇。影响安全迅速收汇。4 4、应争取、应争取CIFCIF条件成交，除办理货运保险外，还应投保条件成交，除办理货运保险外，还应投保卖方利益险。卖方利益险。5 5、对托收方式的交易，要建立健全的管理制度，定期检、对托收方式的交易，要建立健全的管理制度，定期检查，及时催收清理，发现问题应迅速采取措施，以避免查，及时催收清理，发现问题应迅速采取措施，以避免或减少可能发生的损失。或减少可能发生的损失。EXERCISE Take the following as an example Take the following as an exampleSuppose the Suppose the exporter drew a documentary draft on March 10,exporter drew a documentary draft on March 10,20102010，and the bank at the country of the importer and the bank at the country of the importer made the presentation to the imposer on the same made the presentation to the imposer on the same day when the draft was received on March l7day when the draft was received on March l7，20102010，then under circumstances of D/P at sightthen under circumstances of D/P at sight，D/P at 30 days and D/A at 30 days,the presentation D/P at 30 days and D/A at 30 days,the presentation and acceptance day of the draft,the date of and acceptance day of the draft,the date of payment,and the date of the documents releasing payment,and the date of the documents releasing are as followsare as follows：DateDate of PresentationDate of AcceptanceDate of PaymentDate of Documents releasingD/P at sightD/P at 30 daysD/A at 30 daysMarch17.2010March17.2010March17.2010No acceptanceMarch17.2010March17.2010March17.2010March17.2010March17.2010April 16.2010April 16.2010April 16.2010案案例例1:天天津津M出出口口公公司司出出售售一一批批货货物物给给香香港港G商商，价价格格条条件件为为CIF香香港港，付付款款条条件件为为D/P见见票票30天天付付款款，M出出口口公公司司同同意意G商商指指定定香香港港汇汇丰丰银银行行为为代代收收行行。M出出口口公公司司在在合合同同规规定定的的装装船船期期限限内内将将货货物物装装船船，取取得得清清洁洁提提单单，随随即即出出具具汇汇票票，连连同同提提单单和和商商业业发发票票等等委委托托中中行行通通过过香香港港汇汇丰丰银银行行向向G商商收收取取贷贷款款。5天天后后所所装装货货物物安安全全运运抵抵香香港港，因因当当时时该该商商品品的的行行市市看看好好，G商商信信托托收收据据向向汇汇丰丰银银行行借借取取提提单单，提提取取货货物物并并将将部部分分货货物物出出售售。不不料料因因到到货货过过于于集集中中，货货物物价价格格迅迅速速下下跌跌，G商商以以缺缺少少保保险险单单为为由由在在汇汇票票到到期期时时拒拒绝绝付付款款。你你认认为为M公司应如何处理此事？说明理由。公司应如何处理此事？说明理由。答案解析答案解析答答：M公公司司应应通通过过中中行行要要求求香香港港汇汇丰丰银银行付款。行付款。理理由由是是：香香港港汇汇丰丰银银行行在在未未经经委委托托人人受受权权的的情情况况下下，自自行行允允许许G商商凭凭信信托托收收据据借借单单先先行行提提货货，因因此此而而不不能能收收回回贷贷款款的的责任应由代收行（汇丰银行）负责。责任应由代收行（汇丰银行）负责。案例案例2:我国我国A公司向泰国公司向泰国B公司出口一批货公司出口一批货物，付款方式为物，付款方式为D/P 90天。货物出运后，汇天。货物出运后，汇票及货运单据通过出口地的托收银行寄抵国票及货运单据通过出口地的托收银行寄抵国外代收行，外代收行，B公司进行了汇票承兑。货抵目公司进行了汇票承兑。货抵目的港后，由于用货心切，的港后，由于用货心切，B商于是出具了信商于是出具了信托收据向本地代收行借得货运单据，先行提托收据向本地代收行借得货运单据，先行提货转售。当汇票到期时，货转售。当汇票到期时，B商因经营不善，商因经营不善，失去偿付能力。代收行以汇票付款人拒付为失去偿付能力。代收行以汇票付款人拒付为由通知托收行，并建议由由通知托收行，并建议由A公司直接向公司直接向B商商索取货款。此时距离汇票到期日还有索取货款。此时距离汇票到期日还有30天。天。试分析试分析A公司于汇票到期时收回货款的可能公司于汇票到期时收回货款的可能性，并提出处理该案的建议。性，并提出处理该案的建议。答案解析答案解析在远期付款交单的条件下，如果付款日期晚在远期付款交单的条件下，如果付款日期晚于到货日期，进口商为了抓住有利时机转售于到货日期，进口商为了抓住有利时机转售货物，可以采取两种做法：一是在付款到期货物，可以采取两种做法：一是在付款到期日之前付款赎单，扣除提前付款日至原付款日之前付款赎单，扣除提前付款日至原付款到期日之间的利息，作为进口商享受的一种到期日之间的利息，作为进口商享受的一种提前付款的现金折扣。另一种做法是代收行提前付款的现金折扣。另一种做法是代收行对于资信较好的进口商，允许其凭信托收据对于资信较好的进口商，允许其凭信托收据借取货运单据，先行提货，于汇票到期时再借取货运单据，先行提货，于汇票到期时再付清货款，这是代收行自己向进口商提供的付清货款，这是代收行自己向进口商提供的信用便利，而与出口商无关。因此，如代收信用便利，而与出口商无关。因此，如代收行借出单据后，到期不能收回货款，则应由行借出单据后，到期不能收回货款，则应由代收行负责。代收行负责。但如系出口商指示代收行借单，就是由出口商主动但如系出口商指示代收行借单，就是由出口商主动授权银行凭信托收据借单给进口商，即所谓远期付授权银行凭信托收据借单给进口商，即所谓远期付款交单凭信托收据借单方式，也就是进口商承兑汇款交单凭信托收据借单方式，也就是进口商承兑汇票后凭信托收据先行借单提货，日后如进口商到期票后凭信托收据先行借单提货，日后如进口商到期拒付的风险，应由出口商自己承担。因此，使用远拒付的风险，应由出口商自己承担。因此，使用远期付款交单凭信托收据借单方式时出口商必须特别期付款交单凭信托收据借单方式时出口商必须特别慎重。慎重。本案中，代收行凭信托收据将单据借给进口人，未本案中，代收行凭信托收据将单据借给进口人，未经委托人授权，到期进口人失去偿付能力应由代收经委托人授权，到期进口人失去偿付能力应由代收行负责。因此，我出口企业不能接受代收行要我向行负责。因此，我出口企业不能接受代收行要我向A商索取贷款的建议，而应通过托收行责成代收行商索取贷款的建议，而应通过托收行责成代收行付款。付款。案案例例3:某某外外贸贸公公司司受受国国内内用用户户委委托托，以以本本公公司司名名义义与与国国外外一一公公司司签签定定一一项项进进口口某某种种商商品品的的合合同同，支支付付条条件件为为“即即期期付付款款交交单单”。在在履履行行合合同同中中，卖卖方方未未经经该该公公司司同同意意，就就直直接接将将货货物物连连同同单单据据都都交交给给了了国国内内用用户户，但但该该国国内内用用户户在在收收到到货货物物后后由由于于财财务务困困难难，无无力力支支付付贷贷款款。在在这这种种情情况况下下，国国外外卖卖方方认认为为，我我外外贸贸公公司司作作为为合合同同的的买买方方，根根据据买买卖卖合合同同的的支支付付条条款款，要要求求我我外外贸贸公公司司支支付付货货款款。问问：外外贸贸公公司司是是否否有有义义务务支支付付贷贷款？款？答案解析答案解析 答答：我我外外贸贸公公司司无无付付款款义义务务。这这是是因因为为合合同同中中的的支支付付方方式式为为即即期期付付款款交交单单，这这种种方方式式要要求求卖卖方方应应按按合合同同规规定定向向买买方方交交单单，买买方方才才有有义义务务付付款款。本本案案中中，由由于于卖卖方方没没有有按按合合同同规规定定向向买买方方交交单单。而而是是向向国国外外用用户户交交单单，因因此此，外外贸贸公公司司作作为为买方就没有义务付款。买方就没有义务付款。案例案例4:我某公司向日商以我某公司向日商以D/P即期方即期方式推销某商品，对方答复若我方接式推销某商品，对方答复若我方接受受D/P 90天付款，并通过他指定的天付款，并通过他指定的A银行代收可接受。问：日商为何提银行代收可接受。问：日商为何提出此要求？出此要求？答案解析答案解析（1）提提出出将将D/P90天天远远期期，很很显显然然旨旨在在推推迟迟付款，以利其资金周转。付款，以利其资金周转。（2）而而日日商商指指定定A银银行行作作为为该该批批托托收收业业务务的的代代收收行行，则则是是为为了了便便于于向向该该行行借借单单，以以便便早早日获取经济收益。日获取经济收益。在在一一般般的的D/P远远期期业业务务中中，代代收收行行在在未未经经授授权权的的情情况况下下通通常常是是不不会会轻轻易易同同意意付付款款人人借借单单的的。该该日日商商所所以以提提出出通通过过A银银行行代代收收货货款款的的原原因因，当当然然是是该该商商与与A银银行行有有既既定定的的融融资资关关系系，从从而而可可取取得得提提前前借借单单的的便便利利，以以达达到到进进一步利用我方资金的目的。一步利用我方资金的目的。HomeworkPreview L/C