不定代词的辨析.doc

几组常用不定代词的用法辨析
1．some和any
（1）some一般用于肯定的陈述句中， any多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。两者都可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。例如：
There is some water in the cup.
Do you have any friends in Shanghai?
If you have any help, let me know.
（2）在疑问句中有时也用some，表示希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议、命令等含义。例如：
　　Would you like some more tea?
Will you please give me some bread?
（3）any也可以用在肯定陈述句中或条件状语从句中，表示“任何的”、“任何一个的”，其后接名词单数形式。例如：
Jim runs faster than any other student in his class.
You can ask any question you like.
2．little, a little与 few, a few
（1）few, a few修饰可数名词复数形式，little, a little 修饰不可数名词。
（2）a few， a little有肯定含义，译作“有几个”，“有一点”；而few和little表否定，译作“没有几个”，“没有多少”。
例如：-“Is there any water?” –“Yes, there is a little in it.”
Few people know it, do they?
3．many, much和a lot of / lots of
都是“许多”的意思，many后接可数名词复数形式，much后接不可数名词，
a lot of / lots of 后接可数名词复数形式或不可数名词都可以。
4．each和every
　each对两个或两个以上的人或物而言，侧重于个体，且可单独作主语、宾语等来使用；every是对三个或三个以上的人或事物而言，侧重整体情况，不能指两个，且不能单独使用，只能做修饰词。例如：
There are many trees on each side of the street.
Every good teacher should study his subject carefully.
5．both, all与neither, none
　both用来指两个人或物，表示“两者全都”，表肯定，修饰可数名词；
　 all用于指三个或三个以上的人或物，表“三者以上全都”，也表肯定，但它也可代表或修饰不可数名词，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。both和all都可做副词，位于系动词或助动词后，行为动词之前。
例如：My parents are both doctors.
There are flowers on both sides of the street.
All the students love their school.
neither表示两者人或物中任何一个都不；none 表示三者或三者以上人或物中任何一个都不，它们修饰或作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。例如：
Neither of them knows how to go to the park.
The boys are all very tired But none of them stops to have a rest.
6．one, other, the other, others与another
（1）one表“一个”，可代替前面提到过的人或物的单数形式；ones可代替前面的复数名词。
（2）other可以作形容词用，后面可跟单数或复数名词，意为“其它的；别的”，例如：He bought other dictionaries besides these ones.
Where are your other classmates?
（3）other也可作代词，与定冠词the连用构成the other，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。与one搭配构成“one…，the other…”句型。例如：
Lucy has two uncles. One is a doctor, the other is a driver.
I have six pens. One is blue, the other two are red.
others是代词other的复数形式，泛指“另外的人或物”，常与some搭配构成“some…, others…”句型。others 可单独作主语或宾语。例如：
　　　Some went to the park, others went skating.
（4）the others表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。例如：
　　　Lucy and Lily have come back, but the others in the class aren’t here yet.
（5）another作形容词或代词用，指多个中的“再一个”或“另一个”，后接可数名词单数形式。例如：
I don’t like this pair of shoes. show me another pair, please.
　　 Can you see another bird in the tree?
7．复合不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody相当于名词，不能作定语。something与 anything的区别同 some与any的区别。特别注意形容词修饰这些复合不定代词时一定要放在它们的后面。例如：
　　　I have something important to tell you.
There is nothing important in today’s newspaper.

习题精选
1. The room was empty, but Tom felt that was watching him.
A. anybody B. nobody C. somebody D. everybody
2. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with .
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
3. On side of the road there are a lot of trees.
A. all B. both C. each D. every
4. We’re very busy because we have so books to read and so work to
do every day.
A. a lot, much B. many, much C. many, a lot D. much, many
5. I usually have eggs and milk for breakfast.
A. a few, a few B. a little, a little C. a little, a few D. a few, a little
6. Are your parents interested in Chinese food?
A. every B. both C. all D. each
7. Don’t worry. There is still time left.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
8. –“Would you like some tea with sugar or milk, sir?”
–“No. I’d most like tea with in it?”
A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything
9. We should do to stop sandstorms from happening again and again.
A. nothing B. anything C. something D. some thing
10. Li Lei often talks but does . So everybody says he is a good boy.
A. less, more B. few, much C. more, little D. little, many
11. She always thinks of more than herself.
A. other B. others C. the other D. the others
12. There are quite a few old books on the shelf, but of them is useful to him.
A. both B. all C. neither D. none
13. If she doesn’t want to do it, does want to?
A. anybody else B. everybody else C. else every body D. else anybody
14. –“Why not go to see the film?”
–“Because there isn’t , I hear.”
A. nothing interesting B. something interesting
C. anything interesting D. interesting something
15. My friend and I don’t write too much often because of us has much time.
A. all B. both C. none D. neither
16. We were all very tired, but of us would like to have a rest.
A. none B. any C. all D. neither
17. –“Are you interested in maths or English, Jack?”
–“ . I prefer P.E.”
A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. None
18. –“Is here?”
–“No. Wei Ping and Lily have asked for leave.”
A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D nobody
19. There is with my bike. So I have to walk home.
A. wrong something B. anything wrong
C. nothing wrong D. something wrong
20. They saw in the sky while they were fishing by the river.
A. something strange B. anything strange
C. strange something D. strange anything
21. I have three caps. One is red, are black.
A. another B. other C. the other D. the others
22. He is a lonely old man. He has friends.
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few

答案： 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. A
11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. A
21. D 22. C

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