2021年年全国医学博士外语统一入学考试英语试题.docx

年全国医学博士外语统-入学考试英语试题

1 请考生一方面将自己姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二原则答题
卡上认真填写清晰，并按"考场指令"规定，将准考证号在原则答题卡上划好。
2. 试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(PaperTwo)答案都作答在原则答题卡上，不要做
在试卷上。
3. 试卷一答题时必要使用28 铅笔，将所选答案按规定在相应位置涂黑:如要改正，
先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在原则答题卡上指定区域。
4. 原则答题卡不可折叠，同步答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。
5. 听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15 秒左右答题时间。

国家医学考试中心
PAPERONE
Part 1 ：Listening comprehension (30%)
Section A
Directions：In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two
speakers，At the end of each conversation，you will hear a question about what is said,
The question will be read only once，After you hear the question，read the four possible
answers marked A，B，C，and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your
choice on the ANSWER SHEET
Listen to the following example.
You will hear.
Woman：1 fell faint.
Man：No wonder You haven't had a bite all day
Question：What's the matter with the woman?
You will read.
A. She is sick. B. She is bitten by an ant
C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint.
Here C is the right answer

Now let's begin with question Number 1.
1 A. How to deal with his sleeping problem.
B. The cause of his sleeping problem.
C. What follows his insomnia.
D. The severity of his medical problem.
2. A.To take the medicine for a longer time
B. To discontinue the medication.
C. To come to see her again.
D. To switch to other medications.
3. A.To tale it easy and continue to work
B. To take a sick leave.
C. To keep away from work.
D. To have a follow-up.
4.A. Fullness in the stomach.
B. Occasional stomachache.
C. Stomach distention.
D. Frequent belches.
5. A. extremely severe.
B. Not very severe.
C. More severe than expected.
D. It's hard to say.
6. A. He has lost some weight.
B. He has gained a lot.
C. He needs to exercise more
D. He is still overweight.
7. A. She is giving the man an injection
B. She is listening to the man's heart
C. She is feeling the man's pulse.
D. She is helping the man stop shivering
8. A. In the gym. B. In the office
C. In the clinic. D. In the boat
9 . A. Diarrhea. B. Vomiting.
C. Nausea. D. Acold.
10. A. She has developed allergies.
B. She doesr1·t know what al|ergies are-
C. She doesn't have any allergies
D. She has allergies treated already.
11 A. Listen to music. B Read magazines.
C. Go play tennis. D. Stay in the house
12 A She isn’t feeling well B. She is under pressure.
C. She doesn't like the weather D She is feeling relieved
13. A. Mlchael's wife was ill.
B. Michael's daughter was ill
C. Michael's daughter gave birth to twins.
D. Michael was hospitalized for a check-up.
14. A.She is absent-minded B. She is in high spirits.
C. She is indifferent. D. She is compassionate.
15. A. Ten years ago B. Five years ago.
C. Fifteen years ago. D. Several weeks ago.
Section B
Directions：In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages，after each of which，you will hear five questions. After each question，read the four possible
answers marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of .your
choice on the ANSWER SHEET
Dialogue
16. A.A blood test.
B. A gastroscopy
C. A chest X-ray exam.
D. A barium X-ray test.
17. A.To lose some weight.
B. To take a few more tests
C. To sleep on three pillows.
D. To eat smaller lighter meals
18. A. Potato chips. B. Chicken. C. Cereal. D. fish.
19 . A. Ulcer B. Cancer C. Depression D. Hernia
20. A. He will try the diet the doctor recommended.
B. He will ask for a sick leave and relax at home.
C. He will take the medicine the doctor prescribed.
D. He will take a few more tests to rule out cancer.
Passage One
21 A. Anew concept of diabetes
B. The definition of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
C. The new management of diabetics in the hospital.
D. The new development of non-perishable insulin pills.
22. A. Because it vaporizes easily.
B. Because it becomes overactive easily.
C. Because it is usually in injection form.
D. Because it is not stable above 40 degrees Fahrenheit.
23. A. The diabetics can be cured without taking synthetic insulin any longer
B.The findings provide insight into how insulin works.
C. Insulin can be more stable than it is now.
D. Insulin can be produced naturally.
24. A. It is stable at room temperature for several years.
B. It is administered directly into the bloodstream.
C. It delivers glucose from blood to the cells.
D. It is more chemically complex.
25. A. Why insulin is not stable at room temperature.
B. How important it is to understand the chemical bonds of insulin.
C. Why people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes don't produce enough insulin.
D. What shape insulin takes when it unlocks the cells to take sugar form blood.
PassageTwo
26 . A. Vegetative patients are more aware.
B. Vegetative patients retain some control of their eye movement.
C. EEG scans may help us communicate with the vegetative patients
D. We usually communicate with the brain-dead people by brain-wave.
27 A. The left-hand side of the brain.
B. The right-hand side of the brain.
C The central part of the brain.
D. The front part of the brain
28. A. 31 B. 6. C.4. D. 1
29. A. The patient was brain-dead
B. The patient wasn't brain-dead.
C. The patient had some control over his eye movements.
D. The patient knew the movement he or she was making
30. A. The patient is no technically vegetative.
B. The patient can communicate in some way.
C. We can train the patient of speak.
D. The family members and doctors can provide better care.
Part 11 Vocabulary (10%)
Section A
Direction：In this section，all the sentences are incomplete. Four word- or phrases
marked A，B，C and D are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or
phrase that best completes the sentence，then mark your answer on the ANSWER
SHEET
31 Despite his doctor’s note of caution， he never __ from drinking and smoking
A. retained B. dissuaded C. alleviated D. abstained
32. People with a history of recurrent infections are warned that the use of personal stereos with headsets is likely to _ their hearing
A. rehabilitate B. jeopardize C. tranquilize D.supplement
33. Impartial observers had to acknowledge that lack of formal education did not seem to _ Larry in any way in his success.
A. refute B. ratify C. facilitate D. impede
34. When the supporting finds were reduced，they should have revised their plan
A. accordingly B alternatively C. considerably D. relatively
35. It is increasingly believed among the expectant parents that prenatal education of classical music can_ _ future adults with appreciation of music.
A acquaint B. familiarized C. endow D. amuse
36. If the gain of profit is solely due to rising energy prices，then inflation should be subsided when energy prices
A. level out B stand out C come off D. wear off
37 Heat stroke is a medical emergency that demands immediate from qualified medical personnel.
A. prescription B. palpation C. intervention D. interposition
38. Asbestos exposure results in Mesothelioma，asbestosis and internal organ cancers，and of these diseases is often decades after the initial exposure.
A. offset B. intake C. outlet D. onset
39. Ebola，which spreads through body fluid or secretions such as urine， and semen，can kill up to 90% of those infected.
A. saline B. saliva C. scabies D. scrabs
40. The newly designed system is to genetic transfections，and enables an incubation period for studying various genes.
A. comparable B. transmissible C. translatable D. amenable
Section B
Directions：Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are
four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which can
best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.
Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
41 Every year more than 1,000 patients in Britain die on transplant waiting lists，prompting scientists to consider other ways to produce organs.
A. propelling B. prolonging C. puzzling D. promising
42. Improved treatment has changed the outlook of HIV patients，but there is still a serious stigma attached to AIDS.
A. disgrace B. discrimination C. harassment D. segregation
43. Survivors of the shipwreck were finally rescued after their courage of persistence lowered to zero by their physical lassitude..
A. depletion B. dehydration C. exhaustion D. handicap
44. Scientists have invented a 3D scan technology to read the otherwise illegible wood-carved stone，a method that may apply to other areas such as medicine.
A. negative B. confusing C. eloquent D. indistinct
45. Top athletes scrutinize both success and failure with their coach to extract lessons from them，but they are never distracted from long-term goals.
A. anticipate B. clarify C. examine D. verify
46. His imperative tone of voice reveals his arrogance and arbitrariness.
A. challenging B. solemn C. hostile D. demanding
47 The discussion on the economic collaboration between the United States and the European Union may be eclipsed by the recent growing trade friction.
A. erased B. triggered C. shadowed D. suspended
48. Faster increases in prices foster the belief that the future increases will be also stronger so that higher prices fuel demand rather than quench it
A. nurture B. eliminate C. assimilate D. puncture
49. Some recent developments in photography allow animals to be studied in previously inaccessible places and in unprecedented detail.
A. unpredictable B. unconventional C. unparalleled D. unexpected
50. A veteran negotiation specialist should be skillful at manipulating.
A. estimating B. handling C. rectifying D. anticipating
Part III Cloze (10%)
Directions：In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank，there are four choices marked A，B，C and 0 on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
A mother who is suffering from cancer can pass on the disease to her unborn child in extremely rare cases， 51 a new case report published in PNAS this week.
According to researchers in Japan and at the Institute for Cancer Research in Sutton，UK，a Japanese mother had been diagnosed with leukemia a few weeks after giving birth， 52 tumors were discovered in her daughter's cheek and lung when she was 11 months old. Genetic analysis showed that the baby's cancer cells had the same mutation as the cancer cells of the mother But the cancer cells contained no DNA whatsoever from the father， 53 would be expected if she had inherited the cancer from conception. That suggests the cancer cell made it into the unborn child 's body across the placental barrier.
The Guardian claimed this to be the first 54 case of cells crossing the placental barrier But this is not the case -- microchimerism ， 55 cells are exchanged between a mother and her unborn child，is thought to be quite common，with some cells thought to pass from fetus to mother in about 50 to 75 percent of cases and to go the other way about half 56 .
As the BBC pointed out，the greater 57 in cancer transmission from mother to fetus had been how cancer cells that have slipped through the placental barrier could survive in the fetus without being killed by its immune system. The answer in this case at least，lies in a second mutation of the cancer cells，which led to the 58 of the specific features that would have allowed the fetal immune system to detect the cells as foreign. As a result，no attack against the invaders was launched.
59 according to the researchers there is little reason for concern of "cancer danger" Only 17 probable cases have been reported worldwide and the combined 60 of cancer cells both passing the placental barrier and having the right mutation to evade the baby's immune system is extremely low
51 A. suggests B. suggesting
C. having suggested D. suggested
52. A. since B. although
C. whereas D. when
53. A. what B. whom
C. who D.as
54. A. predicted B. notorious
C. proven D. detailed
55. A. where B. when
C. if D. whatever
56. A. as many B. as much
C. as well D. as often
57 A. threat B. puzzle
C.obstacle D. dilemma
58. A. detection B. deletion
C. amplification D. addition
59. A. Therefore B. Furthermore
C. Nevertheless D. Conclusively
60. A. likelihood B. function
C. influence D. flexibility
Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)
Directions：In this part there are six passages，each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A，B，C，and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET
Passage One
The American Society of Clinical Oncology wrapped its annual conference this week，going through the usual motions of presenting a lot of drugs that offer some added quality or extension of life to those suffering from a variety of as-yet incurable diseases. But buried deep in an AP story are a couple of promising headlines that seems worthy of more thorough review，including one treatment study where 100 percent of patients saw their cancer diminish by half.
First of all，it seems pharmaceutical companies are moving away from the main cost-effective one-size-fits-all approach to drug development and embracing the long cancer treatments，engineering drugs that only work for a small percentage of patients but work very effectively within that group.
Pfizer announced that one such drug it's pushing into late-stage testing is target for 4% of lung cancer patients. But more than 90% of that tiny cohort responded to the drug initial tests，and 9 out of ten is getting pretty close to the ideal ten out of ten. By gearing toward more boutique treatments rather than broad umbrella pharmaceuticals that try to fit for everyone it seems cancer researchers are making some headway. But how can we close the gap on that remaining ten percent?
Ask Takeda Pharmaceutical and Celgene，two drug makers who put aside competitive interests to test a novel combination of their treatments. In a test of 66 patients with the blood disease multiple myeloma，a full 100 percent of the subjects saw their cancer reduced by half. Needless to say，a 100 percent response to a cancer drug (or in this case a drug cock