2020年北京市高考英语试卷（机考 无听力）（含解析版）.pdf

-1-2020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语英语 本试卷共本试卷共 12 页，共页，共 120 分。考试时长分。考试时长 100 分钟。分钟。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）分）第一节语法填空（共第一节语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.5 分，共分，共 15 分）分）A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food.He says food_1_(play)a big role in his life.My mum was a great cook,and shed sometimes let me have a try,he said.The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings.He made it with his mums help.Oliver says if youre_2_(luck)enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking,ask them_3_you can join in when its possible.【答案】1.plays/has played/is playing/has been playing 2.lucky 3.if/whether【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文，主要介绍了美食节目主持人奥利弗。【1 题详解】考查时态。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可以用现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故填 plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。【2 题详解】考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有 be 动词，所以空处填形容词做表语。故填 lucky。【3 题详解】考查连词。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。_ you can join in when its possible.是宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填 if/whether。B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they_4_(throw)away.It takes them hundreds of years_5_(break)down.Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trop sea creatures,such as turtles and dolphins.Over time,the bags fall apart_6_countless tiny pieces,and fish can accidentally eat some of them.Now,lots of_7_(country)and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.【答案】4.are thrown 5.to break 6.into/to 7.countries【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了一次性塑料袋的危害，应禁止使用。【4 题详解】考查时态语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语 they（Single-use plastic bags）和谓语动词 throw 之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数形式。故填 are thrown。【5 题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型 It takes sb./sth.+一段时间+to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do）作真正主语，It 形式主语。故填 to break。【6 题详解】考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配 fall apart into/to.（分崩离析成），介词 into/to 可表“进入之中/变成”。故填 into/to。【7 题详解】考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lots of 修饰可数名词复数，故填 countries。【点睛】C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。-2-A piece of stone_8_(find)on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives,known as Neanderthals,were cleverer than previously thought.The Neanderthals_9_（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years,before dying out about 40,000 years ago.They were much stronger than modern humans,but its long been assumed that human ancestors were_10_（smart）than the Neanderthals.However,the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.【答案】8.found 9.lived/had lived/had been living 10.smarter【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。【8 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为 suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。【9 题详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约 4 万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语 for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去时。故答案为 lived/had lived/had been living。【10 题详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：但长期以来，人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。设空处前为 were 设空处应用形容词，设空处后的 than 表示比较，应用比较级。故答案为 than。第二节完形填空（共第二节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.5 分，共分，共 30 分）分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 4、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。卡上将该项涂黑。My faith in human nature has never been so great as it was last weekend after our family get-together in the town of Vail.On Saturday,we all went to the market right in the middle of the town.Near the end,we all_11_at the fountain near the bridge,and the kids waded（蹚水）around in the fountain until we_12_.This is one of the busiest walking streets.After we returned to the hotel late in the afternoon,my 7-year-old son Ponder_13_that nowhere could he find his backpack,which_14_his Gameboy and his watch.After a thorough_15_we determined that he must have left it at the fountain.Ponder has never_16_anything.So we just take for granted that he needs no supervision（指导）for managing his_17_.He was upset,not about the Gameboy,but about the watch.But Dad,he said,through massive_18_,they dont make that kind of watch anymore.We were all very_19_.Our dinner reservation was at a restaurant just on the other side of the bridge,so I_20_him that we would not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner,but we would also find the police and ask them if the backpack had been_21_.As we exited from the parking garage,we could see the fountain as we walked down the long staircase.I saw something black_22_there,but it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain,so I could not_23_what it was or if it was hers.See it,Dad?Ponder shouted.Dont get too_24_because that may not be it,I said.But that was it.It had been five or six hours since we left the fountain,and it was_25_there.There was no ID in it,and it looked like someone had looked through it and then set it right out where all could_26_it.I literally_27_when we reached it and it was his！Everyone in our party was blown away by this miracle（奇迹）.In my wildest_28_,I would never have imagined that this could happen nowadays.What a charmed life,eh?I believe this was a perfect_29_for a child in losing something importantto lose it and feel the full_30_of that loss,and then to miraculously get it back.11.A.drove B.hiked C.met D.united 12 A.landed B.left C.settled D.slept 13.A.responded B.recognized C.realised D.recalled 14.A.contained B.combined C.comprised D.covered 15.A.preparation B.checkup C.revision D.search -3-16.A.wasted B.lost C.sough D.deserted 17.A.emotion B.time C.money D.stuff 18.A.tears B.fists C.reliefs D.outbreaks 19.A.hesitant B.curious C.sad D.eager 20.A.promised B.informed C.warned D.taught 21.A.worn out B.caught up C.put away D.turned in 22.A.hiding B.sitting C.swinging D.flowing 23.A.assess B.declare C.tell D.predict 24.A.excited B.puzzled C.relaxed D.amused 25.A.already B.even C.almost D.still 26.A.take B.see C.touch D.protect 27.A.panicked B.exploded C.collapsed D.cried 28.A.dreams B.claims C.efforts D.passions 29.A.mode B.lesson C.option D.plot 30.A.range B.pressure C.weight D.harvest【答案】11.C 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.D 16.B 17.D 18.A 19.C 20.A 21.D 22.B 23.C 24.A 25.D 26.B 27.D 28.A 29.B 30.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者儿子丢失背包，五六个小时过后，背包在丢失的地方被找到了，这让作者真正意识到了人性信仰的伟大。【11 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：快结束时，我们都在桥边的喷泉边集合，孩子们在喷泉里涉水，直到我们离开。A.drove 开车；B.hiked 徒步旅行；C.met 遇见、集合；D.united 团结。由上文的 we all went to the market right in the middle of the town 可知，作者一家去了市中心的集市，集市会很拥挤繁忙，作者一家人容易走散，所以约定好在桥边的喷泉边集合。故选 C 项。【12 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：快结束时，我们都在桥边的喷泉边集合，孩子们在喷泉里涉水，直到我们离开。A.landed 着陆；B.left 离开；C.settled 定居；D.slept 睡觉。由上文的 Near the end 可知，作者一家要结束今天行程了，此处指孩子在喷泉里涉水，直到他们离开。故选 B 项。【13 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午晚些时候我们回到酒店后，我 7 岁的儿子庞德意识到，他找不到他的背包，里面包含（装）着他的游戏机和手表。A.responded 回答；B.recognized 认出；C.realised 意识到；D.recalled 回忆。由下文的 nowhere could he find his backpack 和下文到处找背包可知，庞德意识到他找不到他的背包了。故选 C 项。【14 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午晚些时候我们回到酒店后，我 7 岁的儿子庞德意识到，他找不到他的背包，里面包含（装）着他的游戏机和手表。A.contained 包含；B.combined 结合；C.comprised 包括；D.covered 覆盖。contain 指所涉及的物体常常是其组成部分或内容，强调包容关系，既可指具体有形的东西，也可指抽象无形的东西；comprise 暗指一个整体包括不同部分所组成，强调“由许多部分构成一个整体”。由本处语境可知，庞德找不到他的背包，背包里包含他的游戏机和手表，背包和游戏机及手表不是一个整体，是包容关系，应用contain。故选 A 项。【15 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过彻底搜查，我们断定他一定是把它落在喷泉边了。A.preparation 准备；B.checkup 检查；C.revision 修订；D.search 搜寻。由下文的 we determined that he must have left it at the fountain 可知，作者他们断定庞德一定是把它落在喷泉边了，说明他们肯定经过了彻底搜查。故选 D 项。【16 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：庞德从未丢失过任何东西。A.wasted 浪费；B.lost 丢失；C.sough 作沙沙声；D.deserted 抛弃。由下文语境可知，作者他们认为庞德不需要人来监督管理自己的东西，是因为庞德从未丢失过任何东西，他们相信庞德，才不监督管理庞德的东西，前后句是因果关系。故选 B 项。【17 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我们就想当然地认为他不需要人来监督管理他的东西。A.emotion 情绪；B.time时间；C.money 金钱；D.stuff 东西。由上文语境可知，庞德从未丢失过任何东西，作者他们相信庞德，所以他们才不监督管理庞德的东西。故选 D 项。【18 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但是爸爸，”他流眼泪说，他们不再做那种手表了。A.tears 眼泪；B.fists 拳头；C.reliefs 放松；D.outbreaks 暴发。由上文的 He was upset 和下文的 they dont make that kind of watch anymore 可 -4-知，庞德很难过，因为这种手表不再生产，他难过的流眼泪了。故选 A 项。【19 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都很伤心。A.hesitant 犹豫的；B.curious 好奇的；C.sad 悲伤的；D.eager 渴望的。由上文语境可知，庞德难过的流眼泪了，作为父母的作者，肯定也感到伤心。故选 C 项。【20 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们预订的晚餐就在桥对面的一家餐馆，所以我承诺他，我们回去吃晚饭时，不仅要搜查喷泉周围的区域，而且还要找到警察，问他们背包有没有上交。A.promised 承诺；B.informed 通知；C.warned 警告；D.taught 教。由下文的 we would not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner,but we would also find the police and ask them if the backpack had been_11_可知，作者承诺了庞德他们会尽力寻找背包，不仅要搜查喷泉周围的区域，而且还要找到警察。故选 A 项。【21 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们预订的晚餐就在桥对面的一家餐馆，所以我承诺他，我们回去吃晚饭时，不仅要搜查喷泉周围的区域，而且还要找到警察，问他们背包有没有上交。A.worn out 磨损；B.caught up 赶上；C.put away 收起；D.turned in 上交。由上文的 but we would also find the police 可知，作者找警察是想问有没有人把背包上交到警察局。故选 D 项。【22 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看见一个黑色的东西被放在那里，但它就在一个站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，所以我不知道那是什么东西，也不能分辨是不是她的。A.hiding 躲藏；B.sitting 被放在；C.swinging 摇摆；D.flowing 流动。由下文的 it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain 可知，黑色的东西在站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，此处指一个黑色的东西被放在喷泉那儿。故选 B 项。【23 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看见一个黑色的东西被放在那里，但它就在一个站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，所以我不知道那是什么东西，也不能分辨是不是她的。A.assess 评价；B.declare 宣布；C.tell 分辨；D.predict 预料。由上文的 it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain 可知，被放在喷泉那儿的黑色的东西就在站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，作者无法分辨黑色的东西是不是女人的。故选 C 项。【24 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要太激动，因为可能不是你的背包。A.excited 兴奋的；B.puzzled 困惑的；C.relaxed 放松的；D.amused 好笑的。由上文的See it,Dad?Ponder shouted 可知，庞德看到一个黑色的东西被放在喷泉那儿，大叫起来，说明他很兴奋。故选 A 项。【25 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们离开喷泉已经有五六个小时了，背包还在那儿。A.already 已经；B.even 甚至；C.almost 几乎；D.still 仍然、还。由下文的 when we reached it and it was his 可知，作者他们找到了背包，说明五六个小时过后，背包还在喷泉那儿。故选 D 项。【26 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：里面没有身份证，看上去好像有人看过，然后把它放在所有人都能看到的地方。A.take 拿；B.see 看；C.touch 摸；D.protect 保护。由上文的 There was no ID in it 和 then set it right out 可知，包里没有身份证，有人把身份证放在外面，是为了让人看到，辨认身份。故选 B 项。【27 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真的哭了，当我们到达它那里，黑色的东西是他的！A.panicked 恐慌；B.exploded 爆炸；C.collapsed 坍塌；D.cried 哭。由上文语境可知，作者从未相信人性信仰的伟大，发现五六个小时过后，背包还在喷泉那儿，没人拿走，这简直是个奇迹，作者感动得哭了。故选 D 项。【28 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我最疯狂的梦里，我从来没有想到现在会发生这种事。A.dreams 梦想；B.claims声明；C.efforts 努力；D.passions 热情。由上文语境和下文的 I would never have imagined that this could happen nowadays 可知，五六个小时过后，背包还在喷泉那儿，没人拿走，这简直是个奇迹，作者做梦都未想到这种事会发生。故选 A 项。【29 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信这是一个完美的教训，让孩子失去重要的东西失去它，感受失去的全部重量，然后奇迹般地找回它。A.mode 模式；B.lesson 教训；C.option 选择；D.plot 情节。由下文语境可知，让孩子失去重要的东西，感受失去的全部重量，然后奇迹般地找回它，这可以给孩子一个教训（让孩子珍视自己拥有的东西）。故选 B 项。【30 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信这是一个完美的教训，让孩子失去重要的东西失去它，感受失去的全部重量，然后奇迹般地找回它。A.range 范围；B.pressure 压力；C.weight 重量；D.harvest 收获。由上文语境可知，庞德丢失背包后，难过得哭了，说明这种失去的“重量”让他无法承受，所以他伤心。故选 C 项。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）分）-5-第一节（共第一节（共 15 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 分，共分，共 30 分）分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。黑。A Lancom is a worldwide language learning app and a leader in the online language learning industry with millions of active subscribers.We house a broad range of experts united by the common goal of creating the best language learning tools possible.With advice from A I specialists,art designers and culture researchers,our multi-language experts endow Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the world of language leaning.Our courses,totalling 20,000 hours of content in 20 different languages,guarantee you language skills you can use right away.At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language leaning with advanced technology.Examples and dialogues are recorded with real native speakers instead of automatic computers.Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently,so you absorb more information while in the app and continue leaning outside of it.The app makes our practical language lessons available wherever and whenever.We work directly for our leaners,not for any third party.And its all supported by an efficient customer service team,available through telephone,email and online chat.Millions of learners have their own stories and their own reasons for learning a new language.Lancom cares about you and addresses your individual learning type.Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language,building on grammar and words you already know.Our content is about real-life topics that are relevant because we know what matters to you is what sticks best.You will,find it very rewarding to learn with Lancom.Choose Your Subscription and Get Started 1 month 3 months 6 months 12 months$12.95/m$8.95/m$7.45/m$6.95/m Buy with confidence:21-day money back guarantee!If you arent satisfied,just write to Customer Service within 21 days.Contact&Support: 31.Who can provide Lancom with a huge potential for innovation in learning?A.Culture researchers.B.AI specialists.C.Language experts.D.Art designers.32.What lies at the core of the Lancom app?A.A flexible system.B.An effective method.C.The brain-training technique.D.The informative content.33.Lancom claims that it is unique in its _.A.personalised courses B.multiple languages C.pricing policy D.service team【答案】31.C 32.B 33.A【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍一个名为 Lancom 的全球性语言学习应用程序，介绍了其特色、价格以及联系方式等信息。【31 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“With advice from AI specialists,art designers and culture researchers,our multi-language experts endow Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the world of language leaning.”可知，在人工智能专家、艺术设计师和文化研究者的建议下，我们的多语言专家为 Lancom 在语言学习领域提供了巨大的创新潜力。由此可知，语言专家为 Lancom 提供学习创新的巨大潜力。故选 C。【32 题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language leaning with advanced technology.”可知，Lancom 的核心是一种世界级的有效方法，利用先进的技术来增强语言学习。由此可知，Lancom 应用程序的核心是有效的方法。故选 B。【33 题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language,building on grammar and words you already know.”可知，Lancom 是唯一一款为您的母语量身定制课程的产品，以您已经掌握的语法和单词为基础，由此可知，Lancom 声称它的个性化课程是独一无二的。故选 A。B Baggy has become the first dog in the UKand potentially the worldto join the fight against air pollution by recording pollutant levels near the ground.-6-Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground.Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level,which has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air.However,since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair（婴儿车）,she frequently records pollution levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment A gency.The doggy data research was the idea of Baggys 13-year-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt.The English youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at the height where they are recorded by the agency.Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma（哮喘）.Matt Hunt said he was very proud of his son because“when the boy gets an idea,he keeps his head down and gets on with it,and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from getting asthma.“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very ea