2014年上海高考英语试题及答案.doc

绝密启用前 2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第I卷（第112页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress.2. A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried.3. A. At a restaurant. B. At a car rental agency.C. In a bank. D. In a driving school.4. A. A disaster. B. A new roof. C. A performance. D. A TV station.5. A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane.C. Get some stationery. D. Clean the backyard.6. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes.C. Protect herself from being hurt. D. Bargain with the shop assistant.7. A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course.C. Help him revise his report. D. Get her computer repaired.8. A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shocked. D. Sympathetic.9. A. She doesnt plan to continue studying next year.B. She has already told the man about her plan.C. She isnt planning to leave her university.D. She recently visited a different university.10. A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It misinterpreted the mayors speech.C. It made the mayors view clearer. D. It carried the mayors speech accurately.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70. B. 20. C. 25. D. 75.12. A. The houses there cant be sold. B. It is a place for work and holiday.C. The cabins and facilities are shared. D. It is run by the residents themselves.13. A. A skiing resort. B. A special community.C. A splendid mountain. D. A successful businesswoman.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who suffered from heart disease.C. Those who did no physical exercise. D. Those who were unmarried.15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages.C. They typed 10 percent faster on average. D. They edited more passages.16. A. Why chemical therapy works.B. Why marriage helps fight cancer.C. How unmarried people survive cancer.D. How cancer is detected after marriage.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Travellers Survey SheetTravel purpose: for a(n) _17_ in LondonComments on the airport environment / facilities:Likes: _18_19_ walkwaysDislikes: _20_ shopssmall trolleysBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.What is critical thinking in reading?Assessing the writers ideas and thinking about the _21_ of what the writer is saying.What is the first step in reading an academic text critically?Finding out the argument and the writers main line of _22_.What may serve as the evidence?_23_ , survey results, examples, etcWhat is the key to critical thinking?To read actively and _24_II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)My Stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York,（25）_I might have a better chance to find a good job.（26）_ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local caf as a waiter. I believe that（27）_ _ _ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already（28）_ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that（29）_ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps（30）_my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty（31）_ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned（32）_I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.(B)The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the countrys first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is（33）_electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine（34）_ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, （35）_ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldnt find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by（36）_. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far（37）_ (appropriate)In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains（38）_ (force) village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed,（39）_ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution（40）_those villages without a local shop.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. alert B. classify C. commit D. delicately E. gentle F. imposeG. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simplyLets say youve decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you dont have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food41 at the supermarket. Since you really42yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldnt it? This is where a choice architect can help43some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up is a choice architect.Governments dont have to44healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with45hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called traffic light system to46foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains47by looking at the lights on the package. A green light48that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be49; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in50. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films weve just watched or books weve just finished reading, but plain and simple51. Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we52 do with it? We gossip. About others behaviour and private lives, such as whos doing what with whom, whos in and whos out-and why; how to deal with difficult53situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues. So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural54, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? Its not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really55issues. Dunbar56 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We dont spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar57, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip. Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the58of the higher primates(灵长类动物)like monkeys. By means of grooming-cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or59from outside it. As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar60 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the61it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to62the pressure and calm everybody down. But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be63to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more64kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal(有声的)grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one65 contact. 51.A. claimB. descriptionC. gossipD. language52.A. occasionallyB. habituallyC. independentlyD. originally53.A. socialB. politicalC. historicalD. cultural54.A. admirersB. mastersC. usersD. wasters55.A. vitalB. sensitiveC. idealD. difficult56.A. confirmsB. rejectsC. outlinesD. broadens57.A. for instanceB. in additionC. on the contraryD. as a result58.A. motivationB. appearanceC. emotionD. behaviour59.A. attackB. contactC. inspectionD. assistance60.A. recallsB. deniesC. concludesD. confesses61.A. prospectB. responsibilityC. leadershipD. protection62.A. measureB. showC. maintainD. ease63.A. savedB. extendedC. consumedD. gained64.A. commonB. efficientC. scientificD. Thoughtful65.A. indirectB. dailyC. physicalD. secretSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals cant talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator(猎食动物)gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the hurt adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They dont make nests. Instead, they get into other birds nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents fe