交通运输GMDSSChapter1.pptx

GMDSSCommunication ServicesNavigation College Yang Jiaxuan2024年年9月月30日日OutlinesGlobal Maritime Distress and Safety SystemDistress,Urgency and Safety CommunicationsSatellite Communication ServicesMaritime Mobile ServiceMaritime Safety Information Under the GMDSSSpecial ServicesGMDSS Communication ServicesChapter 1 GMDSS1.1 GMDSS Overview1.2 Carriage Requirements for Ship Stations1.3 Licences,Radio Safety Certificates,Inspections and Surveys1.4 Test of Radio EquipmentGlobal Maritime Distress and Safety System1.1 GMDSS OverviewIMO(International Maritime Organization)had begun work on the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System(GMDSS)in the 1970s and its introduction marked(indicated,expressed)the biggest change to maritime communications since the invention of radio.The 1988(GMDSS)amendments(correction)to the SOLAS(The Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea)convention(treaty;a formal agreement)was adoption(the act of starting to use a particular resolution)on 11 November 1988 and the entry into force(begin to implement put into force)was on 1 February 1992.1.1 GMDSS OverviewThe amendments which replaced(substituted)the existing Chapter IV/4 phased(step by step;make schedule)in the introduction of the GMDSS in stage between 1993 and 1 February 1999.The basic concept of the system is that search and rescue authorities(person or group of people with power or right)ashore,as well as ships in the vicinity(near by),will be rapidly alerted in the event of an emergency.1.1 GMDSS OverviewGMDSS was introduced to provide a comprehensive(completed;full;in all aspect)communication system available(useable)for use for distress and search(scout;look for)and rescue(salvage;save)(SAR)operations.GMDSS is an enhanced(strength)Search and Rescue(SAR)system using automation and advanced satellite and MF/HF/VHF radio communication technology.The system is a combination of(consist of):1.1 GMDSS Overview1 GMDSS CompositionSatellite communicationsMF/HF/VHF Radio telephoneRadio telex(Narrow Band direct Printing Telegraphy)Search and rescue radar transponders(responder)(SART)Satellite EPIRB Data transmission,Digital Selective Calling(DSC)Two-way VHF radiotelephone;and NAVTEX(navigational telex)receiver.1.1 GMDSS Overview2 GMDSS FunctionsThe concept of GMDSS lays down/制定制定(to declare or state firmly or officially;define;prescribe)nine specific functions which all ships need to be able to perform irrespective/不顾、不考虑不顾、不考虑 of which sea area they will be operating in.These functions are:1.1 GMDSS Overview2 GMDSS Functions1.Transmitting ship to shore distress alert.1.1 GMDSS Overview2.Transmitting and receiving ship to ship distress alerts.5.Transmitting and receiving on-scene(spot)communications3.Receiving shore to ship distress alerts4.Transmitting and receiving search and rescue coordinating(to make people working together so as to increase effectiveness)communications by at least two separate/不同的不同的 and independent/独立的独立的 means,each using a different radio communication service 2 GMDSS Functions6.Transmission and receipt of locating(fix position)signals1.1 GMDSS Overview7.Receipt of maritime safety information(MSI)8.Transmitting and receiving general radio communications to and from shore based radio systems or networks9.Transmitting and receiving bridge(the raised part of a ship on which the captain and other officers stand when on duty)to bridge communications.Distress alertsThe distress alerting signals(something intended to warn,command,such as special sound or action)are transmitted by a vessel in distress primarily/主要主要地地 根本上根本上to shore-based authorities as well as shipping in the vicinity to indicate(to show or make clear,esp.by mean of sign)that the vessel is in imminent/迫切的迫切的,危急的危急的,逼近的逼近的,即将临头的即将临头的(forthcoming,be about to)danger and requires assistance.1.1 GMDSS OverviewSAR coordinating communicationThis relates to communication between ships and aircrafts taking part in(participate)SAR activities and includes communication to and from Rescue Coordination Centers by the on-scene commander(leader),in the distress area.1.1 GMDSS OverviewOn-scene communicationsThese relate to communications associated with/和和.来往来往,和和.共事共事,同同.联合联合 SAR activities and normally using RT or NBDP on the designated(to choose for particular purpose)safety frequencies in the MF and VHF bands.Simplex is used on RT and Forward Error Correction mode is used with NBDP.1.1 GMDSS OverviewLocating signalsThese improve the chance of survivals(the fact or likelihood of surviving),they are used as homing devices/归归 航航 设设 施施 to locate a distressed vessel and/or survivors(a person who has continued to live in spite of coming close to death)by transmitting signals which can be received as distinctive/明明显显不不同同的的,特特别别的的(unique)signals on the searching ship or aircrafts radar.1.1 GMDSS OverviewMSIGMDSS provides for dissemination/传传播播,散散布布of important navigational,meteorological information to shipping by automatic means on different frequency bands to ensure maximum coverage.1.1 GMDSS OverviewGeneral radiocommunicationThis is designed to cope with(deal with)what by far/到到目目前前为为止止will be the most widely used of the nine functions listed,namely general(routine)commercial radio traffic(communication),either ship to shore,shore to ship or inter ships.This may be in the form of telephone,telex,data exchange etc.on all the necessary frequencies to provide a good quality service.1.1 GMDSS OverviewBridge to bridge communications A VHF RT service available for inter ship communication relating to the assistance of the safe movement of shipping.1.1 GMDSS Overview3 GMDSS Areas GMDSS determines/确确定定;限限定定,规规定定 the way in which radio equipment is fitted to a ship,under the 1974 SOLAS Convention this is based on tonnage while the new system switches(change)the emphasis/强强调调,加加强强重重(special force or attention given to something to show that is particular important)on to the vessels trading贸贸易易的的,商商业业的的;从从事事商商业业的的pattern(model;type)to determine the type of equipment fitted.Four distinct独独特特的的;性性质质或或种种类类不不同同的的sea areas have been designated(to choose for particular purpose).1.1 GMDSS Overview3 GMDSS Areas Ships radio equipment has been considered in terms of(according to)the range of the communications system in use and the areas in which the ship will trade,thus four areas have been specified.A1A2A3A41.1 GMDSS OverviewA1 An area within the coverage range of at least one VHF coast station in which continuous DSC alerting is available.This is approximately(about)2030 miles,i.e.line of sight(view).1.1 GMDSS OverviewA2 Within the coverage range of a shore-based MF coast station operating in the 2-3 MHz band in which continuous DSC alerting is available,approximately 100 miles range.Excludes area A1 1.1 GMDSS OverviewA3-This excludes(not include)areas A1 and A2.It is the area within the coverage of an INMARSAT geostationary(synchronized)satellite in which continuous alerting is available1.1 GMDSS OverviewA4 The remaining(be left after others have gone)sea area outside areas A1,A2,A3.1.1 GMDSS Overview1.2 Carriage Requirements of Ship StationsCariage RequirementsPart C of the SOLAS Amendments/修修正正案案1988 provides information on the equipment required by GMDSS ships and the alternative/两两 者者 择择 一一 的的(substitute;option)arrangements permitted in the various sea areas.1.2 Carriage Requirements of Ship StationsSummarizeA1:VHF equipment and either a VHF EPIRB or satellite EPIRB.1.2 Carriage Requirements of Ship StationsA2:VHF and MF equipment and a satellite EPIRB A3:VHF,MF,a satellite EPIRB and either HF or satellite communications equipment.A4:VHF,MF and HF equipment and a satellite EPIRB;All ships will carry equipment for receiving MSI broadcasts.2 Means of Ensuring Availability of Ship Station Equipment The SOLAS Convention requires that each country shall ensure that the radio equipment is maintained/维护，维修维护，维修,保养保养(to keep it in good condition by making repair to it or taking care of it)to provide the availability of those functions detailed above.1.2 Carriage Requirements of Ship Stations2 Means of Ensuring Availability of Ship Station Equipment 1.2 Carriage Requirements of Ship StationsIrrespective/不不顾顾，不不拘拘,不不问问的的of the methods used to ensure that availability of the equipment,but subject to使使服服从从,使使遭遭受受(governed or dependent)the exception例例外外,除除外外of regulation 46(relates to Power of Detention/拘拘 留留,扣扣 押押,监监 禁禁)(preventing from leaving for a certain time),a ship should not depart from any port unless and until the ship is able to perform all distress and safety communications.Certain conditions must be met irrespective of the methods used to ensure availability of equipment to function as per按照按照the appropriate regulations.2 Means of Ensuring Availability of Ship Station Equipment 1,equipment shall be so designed that the main unit can be replaced readily(easily),without elaborate/精精致的，精巧的致的，精巧的(complicated;complex)recalibration/重重新校准新校准,再校准再校准(make degree or divided point on it)or readjustment/调整调整.1.2 Carriage Requirements of Ship Stations2,where(it is)appropriate,equipment shall be so constructed/构构成成 建建造造 辅辅设设 施施工工 and installed that it is readily accessible(easily entered)for inspection or on-board maintenance purposes.2 Means of Ensuring Availability of Ship Station Equipment 3,adequate information shall be provided on board to enable the equipment to be properly operated and maintained.1.2 Carriage Requirements of Ship Stations4,adequate tools,spare(back up;standby)parts and test equipment suitable to the methods used by the ship should be provided.5,required radio equipment shall be maintained to meet the recommended/推荐推荐,介绍介绍 performance(the ability of a machine to do something well)standards(criterion)of such equipment.3 Maintenance Methods On all GMDSS ships,usually a person holding an appropriate Radio Operators Certificate,shall,while the ship at sea,carry out/完成完成,实现实现,贯彻贯彻,执行执行the daily,weekly and monthly tests required by both international and Chinese Regulations.If any of the radio equipment required by these regulations is not in working order,the nominated/任任命命,提名提名,推荐推荐,指定指定(specify;designate)person shall inform the master and record details of the deficiencies/缺乏缺乏不足不足,短缺短缺(shortage;lack)in the radio log.1.2 Carriage Requirements of Ship Stations3 Maintenance Methods Ships trading in areas A1 and A2 shall ensure this availability by using at least one of the following methods:1.2 Carriage Requirements of Ship StationsDuplication/成倍成倍,成双成双(dual;copy)of equipment(DOE)Shore-based maintenance(SBM),andAtSea Maintenance(ASM).3 Maintenance Methods On ships trading in areas A3 and A4,This availability shall be ensured by using a combination of at least two of the following methods:1.2 Carriage Requirements of Ship StationsDOE;SBM;ASM.Duplication of equipment may be used as a means of contributing to(help to)the inability/无能力无能力of equipment in the GMDSS.3 Maintenance Methods In order to satisfy the Convention requirements where there is no onboard maintainer/维护人员维护人员vessels will be required to carry duplicate equipment as follows:1.2 Carriage Requirements of Ship StationsA1 DSC VHF Radio;A2 DSC VHF Radio and either MF or HF Radio,or SES;A3 DSC VHF Radio and either HF Radio or SES;A4 DSC VHF Radio,HF Radio.Separate antenna are required for duplicated radio installations.4 Summary Notes of GMDSS Equipment(1)VHF radiotelephone must be capable of transmitting and receiving DSC on channel 70 and RT on channel 16,channel 13 and channel 6.1.2 Carriage Requirements of Ship Stations(2)The DSC channel 70 VHF watchkeeping equipment may be separate or combined with item(1)above.(3)Ships sailing exclusively/专有地专有地in area A1 may carry in lieu of/代替代替 a 406 MHz satellite EPIRB an EPIRB which is capable of transmitting a DSC distress alert on channel 70 VHF and providing location by means of/依靠依靠a 9 GHz transponder.4 Summary Notes of GMDSS Equipment4.MF radio installation must be capable of transmitting and receiving DSC on 2187.5 kHz and RT on 2182 kHz for distress purposes.5.The dedicated/致力于致力于 专用于专用于 2187.5 kHz DSC watchkeeping receiver may be separate or combined with DSC equipment in item 4 above.6.MF/HF installations must be capable of transmitting and receiving on all distress and safety frequencies in the 1605-27,500 kHz using DSC,RT,NBDP1.2 Carriage Requirements of Ship Stations7.MF/HF DSC watchkeeping receiver,must be capable of receiving the frequencies of 2187.5 kHz and 8414.5 kHz and at least one of the other HF DSC frequencies(4207.5,6312,12577 or 16804.5 kHz).The receiver shall be separate or combined with DSC equipment in item 6 above.8.Ships constructed before 1 February 1997 and exclusively engaged/从事从事,着手着手,忙于忙于 on voyages within areas A2,A3,and A4 may be granted/同意同意,准准予予exemptions/免除免除,豁免豁免 from carrying DSC channel 70 VHF,Provided such ships maintain(To keep in an existing state)where practicable a continuous listening watch on channel 16 VHF.This watch shall be kept from the position at which the ship is normally navigated.1.2 Carriage Requirements of Ship Stations1.3 LICENCES,Radio Safety Certificates,Inspections and Surveys LICENCES:to give official permission/执照执照 Radio Safety Certificates:a document giving a statement make by an official person that a fact or facts are true,/证书证书 Inspections/检查检查;检验检验;调查调查1 Operators Certificates First Class Radio Electronic CertificateSecond Class Radio Electronic Certificate GMDSS General Operators Certificate(GOC);Restricted Operators Certificate(ROC)1.3 LICENCES,Radio Safety Certificates,Inspections and Surveys 2 Licences Every transmitting station must hold a license or radio safety certificate issued/颁颁发发(given by an authority)by the government of the country to which the station is subject(belong to).The license must be kept on board and is subject to(dealing with)renewal/更更新新;恢恢复复,复复活活following survey and inspection by a qualified/有有资资格格的的,合合格格的的official of the administration/行行 政政 部部 门门concerned.1.3 LICENCES,Radio Safety Certificates,Inspections and Surveys 3 Categories of ship station Category 1 stations maintain a continuous service.Category 2 stations maintain a service for 16 hours each day.Category 3 stations maintain a service for 8 hours each day.Category 4 stations maintain a service which is either of shorter duration than that of Category 3 stations,or of a duration which is not fixed by the regulations.1.3 LICENCES,Radio Safety Certificates,Inspections and Surveys 1.4 Test of Radio Equipment Daily TestsWeekly TestsMonthly Tests1 Daily Tests(1)The proper functioning of the DSC facilities/工具工具,设施设施,设备设备shall be tested at least out radiation of signals,by use of the means provided by equipment.(2)Batteries providing a source of energy for any part of the radio stations shall be tested daily and,where necessary,brought up/教育教育,培养培养,提出提出to the fully charged condition.(3)Printer(s)shall be checked daily to ensure there is an adequate supply of paper.1.4 Test of Radio Equipment 2 Weekly Tests(1)The proper operation of t