仁爱版八年级英语下册unit8语言知识点归纳8下.doc

2014年最新版八年级英语（仁爱版）下册UNIT8语言知识点归纳.（1）规则副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则。如下表： 单音节词或少数双音节词构成规则一般在词尾加er或est以e结尾的词加r或st以辅音字母+y结尾的词，改y为i,在加er或est例词fastfasterfastestlatelaterlatestearlyearlierearliest多音节词和部分双音节词构成规则在词前加more或most例词slowlymore slowlymost slowlycarefullymore carefullymost carefully少数不规则副词的比较级和最高级的变化形式如下表： 原级wellbadlylittlemuchfar比较级betterworselessmorefarther/further最高级bestworstleastmostfarthest/furthest(2) 副词比较等级的用法a. 同级比较：表示两者在某一方面程度相同时，用“as+副词原形+as”的句式；但表示前者不如后者时，用“not so(as)+副词原形+as”的句式。如；The boys are listening as carefully as the girls. 男生们跟女生们在一样认真地听。He didnt dance so(as) well as Jim. 他跳舞没有吉姆跳得好 b.比较级：表示一方程度比另一方更高时，用“副词比较级+than”的句式。在这一句式中，当than前后的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词。该动词或助动词可以省略。副词比较级前常用much., a little, still, even表示“更”，这也可以作为判断比较级的依据。如： I sing better than she (does). 我唱歌比她唱得好。 My brother did much better in his lessons than I.我哥哥功课学得比我好多了。 c.最高级：表示三个或三个以上的人或物的比较时，用副词最高级。结构为“the+副词最高级+比较范围。”其中的the常省去，比较范围常用of或in短语。如： Maria speaks English (the) best in oUnit 8 our ClothesTopic 1we will have a class fashion show一重点词汇及短语：（一）词汇：形容词adjSmooth 光滑的 cotton棉花的 pretty漂亮的 handsome英俊的 suitable合适的 simply简单的 fancy绚丽的Slim 苗条的 easy-going随和的1.服装名称：Costume服装 silk丝绸 handbag手提包tie领带sweater毛衣blouse短上衣 boots 靴子 hat 帽子coat外套dress套裙 gloves手套 hat 帽子，pocket口袋 jeans牛仔裤pants裤子 raincoat雨衣windbreaker风衣leather皮革scarf围巾 shirt衬衣 shoes鞋子 shorts 短裤skirt裙子socks 短袜 stockings长袜suit套服，西装purse钱包 umbrella雨伞 3.衣服号码small小号 medium 中号 large 大号 extra large特大号衣服颜色Cold-colored冷色调 dark深色调 bright颜色亮丽的 soft color暖色调，light color浅色动词Afford 买得起 own拥有 succeed成功 discuss讨论（二）短语：11.Santa Claus圣诞老人12.the sameas 与一样13.protectfrom保护使不受14.as well as也，还15.be made of 由制成二重点句型：动词有：实义动词，系动词，助动词，情态动词 和分为及物动词和不及物动词课本81页You look great today.主 系 表（句子组成的基本方式之一）What a nice coat.(省略了it is)（1）感叹句用于表示说话时的一种较为强烈的感情。如：喜悦、赞叹、惊异、愤怒、厌恶等。感叹句的构成为“感叹部分+陈述部分+（主语+谓语）”，感叹部分由感叹词引导，陈述部分为整个感叹句的主语和谓语，句尾要用叹号“！”，读时要用降调。如What a good boy he is !多好的男孩！How silly you are ! 你真傻！What +a(an)+名词单数+主语+谓语What +形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语 How +形容词+主语+be How +副词+主语+动词（3）口语中，what或how引导的感叹句可省略主语+谓语。如： What an interesting book! /How interesting!( 4) what 与how引导的感叹句之间的转换。What a beautiful girl she is!=How beautiful the girl is!How delicious the food is!=What delicious food it is!My father says that it is a Chinese tang costume主语 谓语 that 主 系 表（表语是名词或形容词）宾语从句特征：动词+that感官动词无被动语态 如feel ，taste， sound， smell，属于系动词后面可以直接跟形容词状语从句（在句子中起副词作用的句子，由从句和主句构成，从句由连词或词组构成）结果状语从句I liked it so much that my father bought it for me.主 谓 宾 状语（以至于） 主语 谓语 宾语My old coats are so short that I want to buy some new ones.So +adj/adv+that 如此以至于Fashion show 时尚展览Let +动词原形，使役动词 ，类似的还有makeShall we.征求意见，shall用于第一人称Good idea 表示赞成，同样的有 I agree with you ,I couldnt agree more.Over there ,在那里，over here在这里Prepare (不及物动词)+for.+n 准备什么Cotton pants with pockets。With 带有.Its such a cool windbreaker that I want to buy it at once.结果状语从句第85页 1aOpen 既可以做形容词，又可以做动词如：open a store.The window is open.宾语从句中that 可以省略I hope (that)you will succeed.Succeed 是动词，success是名词，successful是形容词Its important for you to help people choose suitable clothing.Its +adj +for +sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样。These clothes will make them look smaller. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补用比较级表示与没有穿这些衣服相比，穿上这些衣服会显得更小So that 与such that 的区别So+adj/adv +thatSuch +a(n)+adj +n+thatSo +adj +a(n)+thatHe is so handsome a boy that all girls like him.He is such a handsome boy that all girls like him.So+many或little或much或few+thatFancy designs or flowers do not look good on short people.On+人 表示衣服穿在人的身上 会怎么样.If tall and thin people wear warm clothes,he will appear strong and full.从句由If来引导的条件状语从句，主句用将来时，appear 是一个系动词，后面加形容词Customers with broad waists will look good in dark clothes that will make them look slimmer.主语 系动词 表语 从句中的主语 谓语 宾语 补足语（即补充意思完整）In+衣服，表示穿的衣服。that引导的定语从句，指代的是前面的dark clothes,这个句子可以分成两个句子来理解用比较级slimmer 是表示与没有穿之前的相比。Helping people choose clothes is important.(用分词表语从句)主语 系 表Be good at 擅长做某事I hope(that) your business does well。我希望你的事业顺利。P87页省略了 ，宾语从句P87Type of clothes,（反过来翻译）衣服的类型1. whats it made of?它是由什么做成的？be made of animal skins(动物)意为“由制成”（看出原料）8.People first started to wear clothes so that could protect themselves from the sun ,wind, rain and cold.人们最早穿衣服是为了保护他们不受日晒、风吹、雨打以及寒冷。protect from sth/doing sth保护.不遭受.Use sth to do sth用某物来做某事More than不仅仅Keep+adjFor example ,+句子， such as +名词，名词Maybe是副词We get ideas about people from 通过.来了解一个人As the saying goes as time flies byAs +n+动词的第三人称Topic2we can design our uniforms一重点词汇：1.school uniform校服2,on speacial days特殊的节日3in fact 实际上4easter复活节 christmas圣诞节 Halloween万圣节，Thanksgiving Day感恩节 Santa Claus hats圣诞帽5.take off脱下，脱掉；起飞6.on every occasion在每一个场合7，likes喜欢，dislikes不喜欢8the same as 与.一样9as well as 而且10 某个地方的人们 the people in sp11quite +adj程度副词来修饰形容词二重点句型：1,can you tell me what Miss wang says?宾语从句 谓语动词+宾语+what+陈述句类似的还which,who,whose,when,how ,where2,I like to wear my uniforms because school uniforms will look ugly on us.我不喜欢校服，因为我们穿了它看起来很丑。look so ugly on us意为“穿在我们身上看起来很丑”3,It depends on who will design our uniforms.介宾结构，depend on sb/sth 由.来决定。Its true that suitable uniform can show good discipline.由it作形式主语的复合句结构，真正的主语的that从句类似的还有it is important that.Had better do sth 最好做某事Survey既可以当动词，又可以当名词Be glad to do sth乐意做某事P91Business suit 西装5.You should take off your shoes when you enter someones home in Japan. 当你进入日本人家的时候，必须先脱掉鞋子。take off意为“脱下，脱掉”，反义词组是put on.take off还可表示“起飞”The plane will take off in an hour.飞机将在一小时内起飞。6.But now ,most of us can dress for ourselves.但是现在我们大多数人都可以自己打扮。dress for“为穿衣服”put on“穿（戴）上”的动作，反义词take offwear, have on, be on“穿（戴）着”的状态。P93 good discipline 良好的纪律Firefighter消防员Helmet 头盔Protect sb from sth.保护某人不受.Failing ceilings 掉下来的天花板Dress in +衣服See +sb +ving看见某人正在做某事We believe that they know how to fly the plane驾驶飞机主谓宾 从句 主 谓 宾语从句 （从句里面套从句）Their uniforms are clean so they stop the spread of disease.（疾病的传播）主 系 表 由连词so来引导结果状语 P99 sectionBMinority costume少数民族服装Be sure about sth 确定某件事情A lot ,可以用来修饰动词，know a lotWhat kind of 哪一种Not at all完全不SectionCStand for 代表It got its name when china became known to other countries during the Han ang Tang dynasties.Its 它的，Its它是When 引导的时间状语从句Become 是个系动词，become known to开始文明于。From then on 从那时候起As 作为Either.or.两者中间的任一个A is different from B A与B不一样。语法口诀 跟to do的动词口诀希望想学就同意，(hope, wish, would like, want, learn, agree)需要决定选to do。(need, decide, choose)开始喜欢又讨厌，(begin, start, like, prefer, love, hate)to do, doing意无别。忘、记停止继续试。(forget, remember, stop, go on, try)to do意不同。命令警告邀人教，(order ,warn, ask, tell, invite, teach sb .to do)希望要让别人做。答：尽可能地不使用一次性用品；延长物品的使用寿命；包装盒纸在垃圾中比例很大，购物时减少对它们的使用。(wish,want, would like, get, allow sb .to do)五看三使役，(see, look at, watch, notice, observe, make, let, have)8、地球自转一周的时间是一天；地球公转一周的时间是一年；月球公转一周的时间是农历一个月。二听一感半帮助，16、大量的研究事实说明生命体都是由细胞组成的，生物是由细胞构成的。我们的皮肤表面，每平方厘米含有的细胞数量超过10万个。(hear, listen to; feel; (to)help)7、我们每个人应该怎样保护身边的环境？主动to字要离去，被动to字要回府。 跟do的动词口诀6、你还知道哪些环境问题？它们都对地球造成了哪些影响？听观感使让帮请最好不带to，为什么不呢？6、重新使用是指多次或用另一种方法来使用已用过的物品，它也是减少垃圾的重要方法。(hear,listen to,see,look at,watch,notice,feel,make,let,have,help,please,had better,why not)Topic3he said the fashion show was wonderful一重点词汇：10、由于人口迅速增长、环境污染和全球气候变暖，世界人均供水量自1970年以来开始减少，而且持续下降。1. fashion show 时装表演/时装秀2. catwalk T型台3、苍蝇落在竖直光滑的玻璃上，不但不滑落，而且还能在上面爬行，这和它脚的构造有关。蟋蟀的耳朵在足的内侧。蝴蝶的翅膀上布满彩色小鳞片，其实是扁平的细毛。3. in the center of 在的中心4. high fashion 高级时尚5. in the world of 在领域第二单元 物质的变化6. wedding dress 婚纱11、月食：当地球转到月球和太阳的中间，太阳、地球、月球大致排成一条直线时，地球就会挡住太阳射向月球的光，这时在地球上的人就只能看到月球的一部分或全部看不到，于是就发生了月食。7.stand for 代表8.get ones name 得名9.be known to 为所知二.重点句型：p97 1.There will be another one there tomorrow在西单购物中心将会有一场时装秀。Another 形容词，表示：又一的，另一的 There will be是There be结构的将来时,表示某地将举行某项运动，或将有某物。2there is/are going to be=there will beMany famous models will be there to model the clothes第一个model是名词，第二个是动词2. Here come the models. 模特走过来了。（1）英语中以here或there开头的句子要倒装，除主语是代词外，动词要放在主语之前。如：Here come Mary! 玛丽来了！ Here come the bus! 车来了！(2)主语若是人称代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。如：Here she comes.她来了。Here it is.它在这儿。3. The Tang costume stands for Chinese history and fashion culture.唐装代表着中国的历史和服装文化。stand for意为“代表”，如：It stands for Olympics.它代表着奥林匹克。4. The so-called Tang costume got its name because China became known to other countries during the Han and Tang Dynasties.所谓的唐装是因为中国在汉、唐时期开始文明于世而得名。（1）so-called所谓的（2）get ones name得名 如：The village got its name from the lake in it.这个村庄因村内的湖泊而得名。 5. Chinese fashion is different from not only western fashion,but also fashion from other Asian countries such as Japan and Korea.中国时装不仅不同于西方国家，也有别于其他亚洲国家，如日本和韩国等。（1） be different from与不同（2）not only but also意为“不但而且”（3）such as例如，比如说6. Today the Tang costume can be designed as formal or casual clothes.现在唐装被设计成有正式款的，也有休闲款的。be designed as被设计成 如：They decided that the theater will be designed as a palace.他们决定把那个剧院设计成宫殿模样。7. Today,few people wear kimonos except for special occasions like weddings and national celebrations.except for除之外 如：The roads were clear except for a few cars.除了几辆小汽车外，马路上空荡荡的。三语法学习：跟doing的动词口诀怎样善于做贡献？（What/how about doing ,be good at/do well in doing, make a contribution to doing）阻止他人放弃练。(stop/prevent/keep sb .from doing, give up doing, practice doing)有难宁可不介意,（have problems doing, prefer doing sth./to doing sth, mind doing）建议花时忙完成。(suggest doing, spend doing, be busy doing, finish doing)使人不禁有信心，(keep sb.doing sth., cant help doing ,have confidence in doing)继续展望想未来。（keep/keep on doing, look forward to doing, feel like doing）惊喜满意又兴奋，（be amazed/surprised at doing, be pleased/satisfied with doing, be excited about doing）牢记doing值得喜洋洋。(be worth doing, enjoy doing, have fun doing)