现在完成时讲解(含讲解及习题).doc

现在完成时讲解
一、构成:
肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.
疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?
否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.

过去分词规则变化：
a)一般情况下，直接加ed, （work---worked，water---watered, finish---finished等;）
b)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把y 变成i 再加ed, （carry-- -carried study---studied等;）
c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词，要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。 （stop---stopped，shop---shopped）
d)以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加d （
过去分词不规则变化表：

二、用法：
用法一：表示过去（已经、曾经或从未）发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
标志词： ①already, ②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before,
⑦once/twice/数字+ times
例： I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了)
They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里
I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。)
I have been there twice.
a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。
• He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。
• Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）
• My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。
• Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？

b） never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经”
• We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。
• Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？
c） just用于句中, 表示“刚刚”
• I’ve just had breakfast. 我刚吃完早饭。
• What have they just done? 他们刚刚做了什么？
d） before用于句末, 表示“以前”
• I’ve seen it before. 我以前见过它。

练习：用never，ever，already，before, just或yet填空。
1. I have __________seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has __________finished his homework.
3. --Have you _________seen the film? --No, I have ________seen it
4. ---Has the bus left _______? ---Yes, it has ________ left.
5. Would you like to go to the zoo with me? Yes, but I have been there _________.

★ has gone to, has been to, has been in 的区别：
1. have/has gone to 去了某地（还在某地没回来）
---Where is your father? 你爸爸在哪里？
---He has gone to Shanghai. 他去上海了。

2. have/has been to 曾经去过（已回，已不在去过的地方） +次数（once/twice/ 数字+times）
My father has been to Shanghai 3 times. 我爸爸去过上海3次。
画线提问：________________ has your father been to Shanghai?

3. have/has been in 待了多久（去了，现在仍在所待的地方）+ for + 时间段/
+ since + 时间点
My father has been in Shanghai for two months/ since two months ago. 我爸已经在上海待了两个月了。
画线提问：_______________has your father been in Shanghai?

▲注意：注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉to/in， 这四个地点副词是：here ,there ,home ,abroad

练习：用have gone to / have been to / have been in / went to 填空。
1. _____ you ever _____ Disneyland?
2. How many times _____ you _____ Disneyland ?
3. I _____ Nanjing since two years ago
4. Mr. Li _____ Hong Kong. And he'll come back in two days.
5. —How long _____ you _____ Disneyland ?
—For three days. I __________ the theme park last Sunday.
6. My father __________ Hong Kong two weeks ago.
7. My father __________ Hong Kong in 2005.
8. My father __________ Hong Kong since 2005.
9. My father __________ Hong Kong twice.
10. My father __________ Hong Kong and he hasn't come back yet.
11. —Where's Lucy?
—She has__________ to a restaurant for lunch.
12. Have you __________ to this park before.
13. I have__________ there only once this year.
14. She has __________ to the shop to buy a notebook.
15. You're late, Lao Wang has __________ to Guangzhou.

用法二：表示过去已经开始, 并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
标志词：⑦up to now, ⑧so far, ⑨for +时间段 ⑩since+时间点

I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。
She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时

a) for +一段时间
Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. 我在这里5周了。
He’s studied English for 3 years. 他学习英语3年了。
b) since +(表示过去某一时间的)时间点/单词/词组/ 从句(一般过去时)
Eg. I have been here since 2000. 我自从2000年开始在这里。
I have been here since 5 years ago. 我自从5年前就在这里。
I have been here since I graduated in 2000. 我自从2000年毕业就在这里。
注：1) 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.
Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. 画线提问： ________ _______ have you lived here?

注2): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中
Eg. (误)I have left there for 5 years.
(正)I have been away there for 5 years.
★为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。
become →be, begin→ have , borrow → keep, buy → have,
go out → be out come (go, arrive, get) →be in die→ be dead,
finish→ be over, join→ be in …（be a member of … ） leave→ be away ( from…),
open→ be open close→ be closed

练习： 选用 for和 since填空:
1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.
2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago.
3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.
4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China.
5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years.
6. It’s five years _______ we met last time.

三、与一般过去时的用法比较
1现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等），不与表示过去的时间连用; 而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系，常与表示过去的时间连用。
eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。
He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。
第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典” 。
第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强
调说明。
2．常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语:
yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天),
just now(刚才)， 时间+ ago, last +时间 等;
eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.
　We finished our task last week .

现在完成时练习题
一． 单项选择
1. I have been living here _____ 1999.
A. for B. after C. in D. since
2._____ have you been playing the guitar? For 5 years.
A. How soon B. How long C. How far D. How often
3.______ may I keep these books? For two weeks.
A. How often B. How far C. How long D. How soon
4.______ have you been here? I’ve been here for months.
A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How many
5. The boy ______TV all morning.
A. has watched B. had watched C. has been watching D. watched
6. How long _____ you _____ stamps? Since two years ago.
A. have, collected B. did, collect C. have , been collecting D. are, collecting
7.They are still working in the fields. They ______ for two hours.
A. was working B. has been working C. worked D. are working
8.He looks tired. Oh , he ____ for three hours.
A. have been skating B. have been skated C. has been skating D. has been skated
9. He ______ it for two hours, and he is still watching now.
A. has been B. watching C. has been watching D. is watching
10. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years.
A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written
11.Harry Potter is a very nice film . I_______ it twice.
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see
12.His father ______ the Party since 1978.
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
13.How long have you ____ here？ —About two months.
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
14.Hurry up！ The play _____ for ten minutes.
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
15 It _____ ten years since he left the army.
A. is B. has C. will D. was
16.My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
17.____has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he ____to China？
A. How soon，comes B. How often， got C. How long，came D. How far， arrived
18. His uncle ____ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university
19.Sarah has been sleeping ______ 2:00 pm.
A. for B. at C. in D. since
20.The students have cleaned the classroom，_____？
A. so they B. don‘t they C. have they D. haven’t they

二．句型转换：
1.I have been watching the football match for half an hour.（划线提问）
_______ ________ _______ you been watching the football match?
2. He has been studying Japanese for two years.（同义句转换）
He has been studying Japanese ______ two years ______.
3. We started the party two hours ago.（划线提问）
______ _______ you ________ the party?
4. The old man _____ last year.
He __________________for a year. （die）（动词填空）
5. Do you swim every day?（用for two hours 改写）
_______ you ________ for two hours.
6.Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同义句转换）
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour.
7.Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
8.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同义句转换）
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.、
三、动词填空
1. _____ you ________(clean) the room?
Yes, we __________(do) that already.
When _______ you ______(do) it?
We _______(do) it an hour ago.
2.______ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes.
When _____ he _____(see) it?
He ______ it last week.
3. How many times _____you______(be) there?
四、汉译英。
1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。

2、他昨天收到一封信。

3、我父亲以前到过长城。

4、她还没有看过那部新电影。

5、她去过上海。

6、他这些天上哪儿去了？

7.这车你买多长时间了？ 三年了。

8.你洗盘子了吗？没有。我马上去做。

9.你离开家乡几年了？ 十年了。

10.这本书我借了一周了。

5