英语状语从句用法分类详解.doc

中考英语状语从句用法分类详解中考英语状语从句用法分类详解一、状语从句的概念 用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。二、状语从句的分类根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。三、状语从句的句法功能1. 时间状语从句（主句将来时从句现在时）1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.易混引导词while, when的区别：when既可以指时间点,与瞬间动词连用，也可以指时间段，与延续性动词连用（=while）。While表示时间段,因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。练习：用while或when填空1. Please dont talk so loud _ others are working.2. _ he came in, his mother was cooking.3. _ we were at school, we went to the library every day.Keys: 1. while 2. when 2. While2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。练习：1. Ill ring you up as soon as I _（get） to New York.2 .I will tell him everything when he _ (come) back.3. He wont believe it until he _ (see) it with his own eyes. Keys: 1. get 2. comes 3. sees 结论: 主将从现的原则3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：（注意粗体单词）11.The young man read till the light went out.12.Lets wait until the rain stops.13.We wont start until Bob comes.14.Dont get off until the bus stops.2. 条件状语从句（主句用将来时从句用现在时）1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building unless I tell you to.2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。练习：1. Ill help you with your English if I _(be) free tomorrow.2. He _(not) be late unless he is ill.Keys: 1. am 2. will not3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up, or （其中文意思是什么）youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.批注：需要让学生理解祈使句也是个句子，只是省略主语的句子，汉语中也较多此类句型，可以类比讲解。3. 原因状语从句1)原因状语从句通常由because, since（因为）, as（因为）引导。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：-Why arent going there?-Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。4. 结果状语从句1)结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat, so that引导。练习：1. He is _ poor that he cant buy a bike for his son. A so B. such C. much D .too 2. She is _good teacher that everybody likes her. A .such a B. so a C. a so D .a such Keys: A A2)sothat语such.that可以互换。例如：在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如：He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。练习：（选出划线部分的近义选项）1）It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. A so wonderful a film B so a wonderful film2）It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.A so an important match B an so important match C so important a matchKeys: A C (3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。练习：Soon there were _ many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. Keys: A A so B such C much 总结： so +形容词或者副词+that such +(形容词)+可数名词或者不可数名词 + that such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数 = so+形容词 +a/an +可数名词单数so + little/ many/much/ few +名词5. 比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由asas, 比较级 + than等连词引导。例如：Tom runs faster than John does.This classroom is as big as that one.批注：这里需要强调两个as后面接的词性是不同的，且第一个as后面接的必须是形容词和副词的原级，这是考试的 重点；与此不同的是，than前面必须是形容词和副词的比较级形式。6. 目的状语从句1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如：We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)批注：这里主要引导学生从意思的角度进行区分，比如第二个句子，生病的目的不可能是为了休息，不符合正常的逻辑。7. 让步状语从句1)让步状语从句通常由although, though，even though，even if，no matter，however等连词引导。例如：1.Though he is young, he knows a lot.2. AlthoughThoughEven thoughEven if you dont like him you can still be polite尽管即使纵然即使你不喜欢他，你仍可有礼貌一些。3. No matter what you do(Whatever your do)，dont touch this switch无论怎样，都别碰这个按钮。4. However rich people are(=No matter how rich people are )，they always seem anxious to make more money无论人们多么富有，他们似乎总还渴望赚到更多的钱。5. However carefully you drive，you will probably have an accident eventually无论你开车多小心，最后你大概还会出车祸。6. Whatever you do，dont tell him that I told you this无论如何，别跟他说这件事是我告诉你的。2)although(though)和but不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out. 或 It was raining hard, but he still went out. 批注：这是英语和汉语说话习惯不同的地方，需要重点讲解。另外，可以类比地讲解“因为和所以不能出现在同一 个句子中”。8. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如： Go where you like. Where there is a will, there is a way.批注：这属于比较难的知识点，学生理解即可。实例解析1.You will stay healthy _ you do more exercise, such as running and walking. A. if B. how C. before D. where 该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只有 if能引导条件状语从句，所以选A。答案：A。2.-Shall we go on working? -Yes, _ I prefer to have a rest. A. when B. if C. because D. though 该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，只有选though才能说得通。答案：D。 3.None of us knew what had happened _ they told us about it. A. when B. until C. after D. though 该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是“在以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思 应用“notuntil” 这一句型。答案：B。4.-I hope youll enjoy your trip, dear! -Thank you, mum. Ill give you a call _ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till 该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的意思是“一到那里，我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用as soon as。答案：B。专项练习：练习一：一单选题1. _ hes old, he can still carry this heavy bag. A. Though B. Since C. For D. So2. -Do you know if he _ to play basket ball with us? -I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be3. In the zoo if a child _ into the water and cant swim, the dolphins may come up _ him. A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; help D. falls; helping4. I dont remember _ he worked in that city when he was young. A. what B. which C. where D. who5. We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow. A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming6. The police asked the children _ cross the street _ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. dont; when C. not to; until D. not; after7. I was late for class yesterday _ there was something wrong with my bike. A. when B. that C. until D. because8. Ill go swimming with you if I _ free tomorrow. A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was9. In the exam, the _ you are, _ the _ mistakes you will make. A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less10. You should finish your lessons _ you go out to play. A. before B. after C. when D. while11. I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless12. When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions. A. which B. that C. where D. though13. The teacher raised his voice _ all the students could hear him. A. for B. so that C. because D. in order14. He took off his coat _ he felt hot. A. because B. as C. if D. since15. It is _ that wed like to go out for a walk. A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day16. Mary had _ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. A. such B. so C. too D. very17. _ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work. A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if18. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As19. _ well you can drive, you must drive carefully. A. So long as B. In order that C. No matter how D. The moment20. Write to me as soon as you _ to Beijing. A. will get B. get C. getting D. go二. 根据中文意思完成下列英语句子1. 不管他跟我开什么玩笑，我都不生气。 I am not angry with him, _ _ _ jokes he _ on me.2. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当作母亲。 Mrs. Bruce was _ kind to her students _ they _ her _ their mother.3. 只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。 Our parents will be pleased with our performance _ _ _ we try our best.4. 你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？ Will you please call me _ _ _ you get to Shanghai.5. 这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。 The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano _ _ _ she has kept practicing for two years.6. 虽然她很忙，他还坚持自学英语。 _ _ _ _, she kept on learning English by herself.7. 他长大后相当一名记者。 He wants to be a journalist _ _ _ _.8. 无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。_ _ windy or rainy, our teacher is always the first to get to school.9. 如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。 _ _ _ _ _ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.10. 李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。 Li Ming didnt come to school _ _ _ _.练习二：选择合适的连接词，完成下列句子。1. Jim spends a lot of money on books _he is not rich.2. Kate fell into sleep _she was listening to the music.3. -Is David at school today? -No. He is at home _he has a bad cold.4. We wont have supper _my mother comes back.5. Speak to him slowly _he may understand you better.6. _ she doesnt come on Sunday, Ill go fishing by myself.7. It is four years _I had left that small village.8. _the air moves, it is called wind.9. We will go to the park _it doesnt rain tomorrow.10._little boys did _much work.11. There are few new words in the passage _we cant understand it.12. Go back _you come from.13. He reached the station _the train had left.14. -Do you have a swimming pool? -No, we dont. At least, not _big _yours.15. Give me your paper _you have finished it.16. It is raining hard, _we have to stay at home.17. _you work harder, youll never pass the final exam.18. Look after the children _I am out.19. The village is _far away _I cant get there on foot.20. That is _an interesting book _I cant stop reading it.参考答案练习一：一. 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B二. 1. no matter what; plays 2.so; that; regarded; as 3. as long as 4. as long as 5. so much that 6. Though she was busy 7. when he grows up 8.Whether its 9. If everyone makes a contribution 10. because he was ill练习二：1.though 2.while 3.because 4.until 5. so that6.Even if 7.since 8.when 9.if 10.Such, do11.but 12.where 13.before 14.as(so), as 15.after16.so 17.unless 18.while 19.so, that 20.such, that 二、英语书面表达专项训练2 亚洲文明对话大会近期在北京召开，你的印度朋友Danny收看了大会相关报道，对华夏文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，来信向你了解中国文化。假设你是李华，请根据以下内容提示用英语写一封回信给Danny。要点内容历史文化历史悠久，文化各异；传统节日，多彩习俗（举一例）文明行为相互尊重，以礼相待；互学共鉴，共同成长（或自拟）身边文明校园文明（自拟一点）注意：1. 词数90词左右，开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。2. 回复必须包括所以要点，可是当发挥，是短文连贯，通顺。3. 文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。 参考词汇: civilized 文明的Dear Danny,Im glad to receive your letter. Since you are interested in civilization(文明) of China, I would like to share something with you. I hope you can come to China someday to experience the ancient culture of China. Look forward to hear from you soon.All the best,Li Hua【答案】Dear Danny,Im glad to receive your letter. Since you are interested in civilization(文明) of China, I would like to share something with you.Chinese civilization is one of the oldest and longest civilizations in the world. China is a country of 56 nationalities. Different nations have difficult cultures. In my country, we have many traditional festivals, such as, the Spring Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival . They are also called “three major Chinese holidays” in China. Here are the customs of eating Zongzi and racing dragon-boat on the Dragon Boat Festival.China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪). Chinese people can respect, trust and help each other. We all learn and grow together. Everyone in my school should protect the whole public environment. Climbing the trees, picking the flowers and throwing garbage at random are not allowed there.I hope you can come to China someday to experience the ancient culture of China. Look forward to hearing from you soon.All the best.Li Hua【解析】【分析】本文要求给你的印度朋友Danny写一篇关于华夏文明的回信。【详解】文章需要介绍下中国的文化。表格中列举了三个要点，写作时注意不要漏写。平时注意多多积累句型、短语。细心检查避免疏漏。以图表展示的作文要以“读”为主，首先要认真读懂图表中的要求，对所给信息加以分析、推断、筛选、概括，去粗取精；在写作时目的要明确，要注意内容的准确性和严肃性。【点睛】写作中注意语义通顺，符合逻辑关系，上下文之间可以适当使用连接词。如but, so, then等。可以适当使用高分句子。本篇文章写的好的句子有：Chinese civilization is one of the oldest and longest civilizations in the world中华文明是世界上最古老、最悠久的文明之一。China is a nation of etiquette(礼仪)，中国是一个礼仪之邦。3手机在生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色，许多中学生沉迷于手机无法自拔，比如你的好友Miller.请根据以下提示点写一篇短文：1. 去年，Miller对手机游戏非常入迷，而且花大量时间用手机聊天看电影；2. Miller与家人和朋友交流甚少，离开手机会很焦虑；