1、形容词的比较级和最高级知识讲解及练习 2Task1. 形容词的主要句法功能(让学生举例说明) 1. 做定语,放于名词前或不定代词后。如:I have something interesting to tell you. 2. 做表语,放于系动词后。如:The book is very useful. 3. 做宾语补足语,放在keep, make, leave, find等动词的宾语后做宾语补足语。如:Don’t keep the door closed. 4. 以a-开头的形容词alive, asleep, afraid, alone等一般只做表语(alive 有时可做后置定语)
2、5. the 加上某些形容词相当于名词,表示某一类人或事物。如:The blind need help. 6. 修饰表示长度、宽度和厚度等计量单位的词时,要后置。如:half a meter deep 7. 下列以 - ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词:friendly, silly, lovely,lonely,lively等。 8. 多个形容词作定语时顺序,“限观形龄颜国材”。如: a small old blank wooden desk Task2.副词的主要句法功能(学生举例说明) 9. 做状语,修饰形容词副词,通常放在所修饰词之前;修饰动词时,一般放在被修饰词之后;位于
3、句首,修饰整个句子。Luckily, he wasn’t badly hurt. 10. 做定语,一般放在所修饰词之后。如:the people here, the man upstairs 11形容词变副词规则变化 : ①直接加 ly ②以“辅音+y 结尾的词,变y为 i,再加-ly”③le结尾变le为 ly Eg: possible--- possibly terrible--- terrible comfortable – comfortably simple—simply gentle---gently④本身既是形容词也是副词 fast ,early , high ,
4、 hard , late ,far ,wide ,alone⑤初中阶段唯一一个需要去掉字母e的单词 true --truly⑥不用去掉字母e。类似的词还有:widely, nicely, closely, rudely, bravely, extremely, politely 12enough 形容词和副词的后面 13hard/hardly几乎不 Ⅰ. 常见的形容词及比较级和最高级的构成 (1)规则变化: ①单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er Eg: calm---calmer tall---taller smart---smarter ②以字母e结
5、尾的直接在词尾加-r Eg: nice---nicer fine---finer large---larger ③以“辅音+y 结尾的词,变y为 i,再加-er” Eg: early---earlier happy---happier busy---busier ④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词,双写辅音字母,再加-er Eg: big---bigger thin---thinner hot---hotter ⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more Eg: popular---more popular important
6、more important (2)特殊变化: 原级 比较级 最高级 goo/ well better best many/ much more most bad / badly(坏地) worse worst little less least old Older(年龄)/ elder(辈份) oldest/ eldest far farther距离/ further(深奥的) farthest/ furthest Ⅱ. 形容词比较级的用法:表示两者(人或物)的比较。 ⒈表达“A大于B”用 A … 比较级+than B ①.
7、Tom比我胖。 Tom is _____ (fat) than me. ②. 他的头发比我的短。His hair is ________(short) than _________. He has ________ (short) hair than ________. (注意比较对象的一致性) ③. 英语比语文重要。English is _______________ (important) than Chinese. ④. 我来的比你晚。I come _______ (late) than
8、you.(副词的比较级) ⒉ 表达“A和B一样”,用 A … as 原级 as B ①他和我一样高。 He is as ________ (tall) as I/me. ②英语比语文重要。English is as _______________ (important) as Chinese. ③他的头发和我的头发一样长。His hair is ________ ________ _______ mine. ④他学习和你一样努力。He works _______ hard ______ you. ⒊表达“A不如B”,用A …not+as/so+原级+as+B。 ①
9、 辆车不像那辆车一样贵。This car is ______ _______ _______(expensive) that one. =This car is ______ _______ / than that one. =That car is ______ _______ than this one. ②今天没有昨天暖和。Today ______ _______ _______(warm) _______ yesterday. =Yesterday ______ ________ than today. ③他
10、昨天来得没有我早。He _________ come ________ (early)as I (did) yesterday. =He came _________ than I yesterday. (同级和比较级的同义句转换) 4.比较级前可用much / a lot / far(… 得多),a little/bit(稍微), even(甚至)等表示程度 He is much ___________( well) today. It’s much ____________ (expensive). He is very ______
11、 (well) today. It’s too ___________ (expensive) 5.在两者之间选择哪一个更……,用比较级.Which /Who…,A or B? 谁跑得快些,Lucy 还是Lily? Who runs _________, Lucy or Lily? 6.如果在两者之间表示“最……”时要在比较级前加the,而且还用of the two, of the pair短语: 约翰是两个男孩子中较聪明的一个。John is the cleverer of the two boys.
12、 Of the two boys, John is the cleverer. 这支手表是两个中比较便宜的。This watch is of the two. 7.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。 我比他大两岁。 I am two years _________ _________ he. 这个建筑比那个建筑高20米。This building is 20 meters ________ __________that one. △“
13、比较级 +and+ 比较级”表示“越来越…” 天气越来越冷了。It’s getting ______ and _______(cold) 比赛越来越有趣。The game is (interesting) 注意:多音节形容词用此句型时,要用more and more +形容词原级;而不能用more beautiful and more beautiful △ “The+ 比较级…,the+ 比较级…”表示“越…,就越… 越多越好 The ________, the _______. 他越忙就越高兴。______ _______he is, _
14、 _______he feels. △ “用twice 等表示倍数的词+ as +原级+as…”表示甲是乙的几倍。 “用twice 等表示倍数的词+比较级than …”表示甲是乙的几倍。 这间房是那间房面积的两倍。This room is _______ as big as that one. =This room is _______bigger than that one 注意:在英语中,两倍用twice,而不用two times,三倍以上用three,four…times。 同义引申高high /tal
15、l/long etc. Ⅲ. 形容词最高级的用法: 1.表示三者或三者以上(人或物)的比较,其中有一个超过其他几个。形容词最高级前要加the,副词最高级前常省略the, 后面通常带of(in)短语来说明比较的范围(of 后的名词或代词表示与主语属同一类;in 表示时间或空间范围)。 ①在我们班上他最高。 He is __________ ( tall) _____ our class. ②玛丽是这三个学生中最小的。 Mary is __________ (young) ______ the three students. 2. 形容词最高级的前面常有the,my等形容
16、词性物主代词,China's名词所有格,最高级前不加the This is ______ ______ day. 这是我最忙的一天。 Jack is ______ ______ friend. 杰克是吉姆最好的朋友 The Changjiang River is ______ ______ river.长江是中国最长的河流。 3 在which…A ,B orC_? 句中,表示三者或三者以上比较 Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth? 太阳,月亮,地球,哪一个最大? 4. 形容词最高级表示“最..
17、之一”时,可用“one of the+最高级+复数名词” Edison was one of the greatest inventors in the world. 爱迪生是世界上最为大的发明家之一。 5.“the +序数词+最高级”表示“第几个最…”; The Yellow River is the second longest river in China 6.比较级和最高级的同义句转换 He is the tallest boy in his class. He is taller than any other boy in his class. I
18、V 几点注意 1.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 ( ) China is larger than any country in Asia. ( ) China is larger than any other country in Asia. ( ) China is larger than any country in Europe. 2要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。 上海的人口比北京的人口多 ( )The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing. ( )The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 我们的教师比他们的明亮的多。 ( )Our classroom is brighter than _____ A. them B their C theirs






