专题讲座6谚语的翻译.pptx

思考题1 结合谚语的修辞特点谈谈对谚语翻译的启示。2 结合谚语的作用谈谈对谚语翻译的启示。3 如何正确对待已有译文的谚语？约定俗成的翻译是否可以有改进的余地？请提供你对某些谚语的译文并谈谈理由。4 如何正确体现谚语所包含的国俗语义？谚语是熟语（习语）的一种熟语（习语）分为六大类：熟语（习语）分为六大类：成语：习用的固定词组或固定短句 在汉语中，四音节是成语的基本形式。警句和格言：习用的名人之言，经典之语，含有深刻的教育意义 警句与原作者有联系，格言一般出自古代文献歇后语俗语：特点是通俗化、口语化，有一定的形象比喻惯用语：汉语中的惯用语以三音节结构为主，其特点是多半用于转义。谚语：语义相对完整的固定句子。最大特点是跟人民群众的生活密切相关。谚语是人民社会生活经验的结晶，含义深刻；俗语的意义比较浅显，所用比喻多为一般现象，不是经验的总结。有关熟语的语言学术语：idiom,proverb,popular saying,popular phrase,set phrases,maxim,famous phrase等idiom 大体相当于汉语的成语，有时泛指整个熟语proverb 相当于汉语的谚语popular saying,popular phrase 和set phrases相当于汉语的俗语和惯用语maxim相当于汉语的格言famous phrase相当于汉语的警句英语熟语的分类：英语熟语的分类：成语：neither fish or foul 非鱼非肉，“不三不四，不伦不类”俗语：all your swans are geese 你所有的天鹅都是鹅，“希望成泡影”警句：knowledge is power知识就是力量，培根的名言谚语：The tongue is not steel,yet it cuts.言语不是剑，一样可伤人，“谣言可以伤人，恶语伤人”从关于谚语的谚语看谚语智慧的体现智慧的体现：牡丹是百花之王，谚语是智慧之光。名花添春色，谚语增智慧。Proverbs contradict each other,that is the wisdom of mankind.谚语相互对立，这就是人类的智慧。Wisemen make proverbs and fools repeat them.智者创造谚语，愚者重复使用。经验的结晶：经验的结晶：丰收在耕耘中获得，谚语在实践中获得。蓓蕾在枝叶上孕称，谚语在生活中提炼。A proverb is a short sentence based on long experience.谚语是简短的句子，基础则是丰富的经验。Proverbs are the daughter of daily experience.谚语是日常经验的女儿。精美的语言：精美的语言：美丽的季节是春天，美丽的语言是谚语。谚语是语言中的花朵。泉水最清，谚语最精。A proverb is much matter decocted into few words.谚语是把丰富的内容浓缩在少数词语之中。人生的启迪：人生的启迪：太阳照亮世界，谚语启示人生。明亮的星星装点天空，正确的谚语指导行动。Proverbs bear age,and he who would do well may view himself in them as in a looking glass.谚语代代相传，谁想干得美好，可以把谚语当镜子照。无翼的飞扬无翼的飞扬河水年年流，谚语代代传。话要俗说才能传得远。真实的写照：真实的写照：有实无华，莫过于谚。十句谚语十句真。茄子不开虚花，谚语都是实话。来自生活实践的谚语（农谚）1 气象谚语气象谚语朝霞不出门，晚霞行千里。-出自宋朝诗人范成大的范石湖集卷16Evening red and morning grey help the traveller on his way;evening grey and morning red bring down rain on his head.晚红霞，早灰霞，旅客放心上路；晚灰霞，早红霞，便要大雨淋头。Evening red and morning grey,are the signs of a fine day.晚霞和晨雾是晴天的征兆。A red sky in the morning is the Shepherds warning.早晨天空红，羊倌心思重。Red sky at night,sailors delight;Red sky in the morning,sailors warning.晚上天空红，水手乐融融；早晨天空红，水手心事重。雾后必天晴。A misty morning may have a fine day.有雾的早晨可能是晴天。注意地理环境的差别：注意地理环境的差别：When the wind is in the east,its neither good for man nor beast.风起东方，人畜不安。When the wind is in the west,the weathers at the best.风起西方，气候最佳。A right easterly wind is very unkind.正东风是很不温和的。雪莱：西风颂Ode to the West Windeast wind 与东风，west wind 与西风，其客体意义相同，而国俗语义恰好相反汉语东风相当于春风李商隐：相见时难别亦难，东风无力百花残。朱熹：等闲识得东风面，万紫千红总是春-翻译时要改变形象2 时间谚语时间谚语花儿凋谢春再开，光阴一去不再来。All time is no time when it is past.时间一过去就不再是时间。志士惜日短。Life is but a span.We have only a short life to live.人生苦短。节约时间就是延长生命。浪费时间就是浪费生命。To save time is to lengthen life.机不可失，时不再来。When an opportunity is neglected it never comes back to you.当机会被忽略掉，它不会再回到你身边。光阴似箭，日月如梭。Time flies(like an arrow).时间飞逝（如箭）。Life is a shuttle.人生如梭。-源自圣经 旧约 约伯记：My days pass by without hope,Pass faster than a weavers shuttle.一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴。Time is money.时间就是金钱。-翻译时可适当套用3 金钱谚语金钱谚语有钱能使鬼推磨。衙门八字开，有理无钱莫进来。Money is the key that opens all doors.钱是打开所有门的钥匙。Money makes a man free everywhere.钱使人到处自由。Money makes a man welcome everywhere.钱使人到处受欢迎。Money makes the mare to go.钱能叫马走。A golden key opens every door.金钥匙能开每一扇门。What will not money do?金钱什么事不能做？All things are obedient to money.万事服从于金钱。Money will do anything.钱能做任何事情。Money governs the world.金钱统治世界。Money is the only monarch.金钱是唯一的君主。Money is the best passport.钱是最好的通行证。Money could not buy happiness.金钱买不到幸福。Money is not everthing.金钱不是一切。Money often unmakes the men who make it.钱常常不能成就赚到它的人。Money is a good servant,but a bad master.金钱是好的奴仆，却是坏的主人。4 家庭谚语家庭谚语金窝银窝不如家里草窝。在家千日好，出门时时难。吃尽滋味盐好，走遍天下家好。There is no place like home.没有什么地方像家里一样。East or west,home is best.东边还是西边，家里最好。Dry bread at home is better than roast meat abroad.在家吃干面包比在外吃烤肉好。Every bird likes its own nest.每只鸟都喜欢自己的窝。5农业谚语农业谚语百业农为本，民以食为天。春流一滴汗，秋收装一筐。嫁姑娘怕选错女婿，种庄稼怕误了节气。别看蛤蟆这么丑，却是种田人好帮手。好母生好子，好田出好米。种田无粪，瞎子没棍。种田种田，越种越甜。6 航海谚语航海谚语A good sailor may mistake in a dark night.好水手在黑夜航行也会出错。The good seaman is known in bad weather.坏天气才能识出好水手。In a calm sea,every man is a pilot.在平静海上，人人都是领航员。A smooth sea never make a skillful mariner.风平浪静的海洋决不会造就一个熟练的海员。The winds and waves are always on the side of ablest navigators.风浪总是站在最能干的航海者一边。A great ship asks deep waters.大船要求水深。A little ship needs but a little sail.小船只需小帆。All rivers run into the sea.所有河流都流进海洋。As the wind blows,you must set your sail.当起风时，你必须扬起风帆。Being on the sea,sail;being on the land,settle.在海上就航行，在陆上就定居。He that would sail without danger,must never come on the main sea.谁在航行时不冒险，他就永远不要来到大海上。If the rain comes before the wind,lower your topsails,and take them in;if the wind comes before the rain,lower your topsails,and hoist them again.如果先下雨后刮风，就收下你的中桅帆；如果先刮风后下雨，就把中桅帆再扬起。In the deepest water is the best fishing.最深的水里最好捕鱼。No fishing like fishing in the sea.要捕鱼就要到海那里。Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.生活没有目的就像航海没有罗盘。Hoist sail when the wind is fair.趁着好风扬起风帆。不要脚踏两只船。Between two stools you fall to the ground.坐两条板凳之间你会摔跤。-欢迎新水手的习俗来自文学作品和文化典籍的谚语汉语中，多半出自诗书、传说、诸子论著中英语中，多来自希腊罗马神话、莎士比亚等典籍中周易周易：人以类聚，物以群分。二人同心，其利断金。尚书尚书：天作孽，犹可违；自作孽，不可逭（huan)。为山九仞，功亏一篑。诗经诗经：他山之石，可以攻玉。巧言如簧，颜之厚矣。靡不有初，鲜克有终。左传左传：唇亡齿寒狼子野心欲加之罪，其无辞乎？从善如流铤而走险，急何能择？孔子孔子论语论语：死生有命，富贵在天。温故而知新。人之将死，其言也善。三人行，必有我师焉。君子坦荡荡，小人常戚戚。己所不欲，勿施于人。欲速则不达。割鸡焉用牛刀。孟子：孟子：小不敌大，寡不敌众，弱不敌强。天时不如地利，地利不如人和。不依规矩，不成方圆。二者不可得兼，舍鱼而取熊掌。男女授受不亲。人之初，性本善。Wilson:在谚语方面，没有哪个作家比莎士莎士比亚比亚更丰富。查理三世第二幕When clouds are seen,wise men put on their cloaks;When green leaves fall,then winter is at hand;When the sun sets,who doth not look for night?Untimely storms make men expect a dearth.Lend your money and lose your friend.借出你的钱，失掉你的朋友。Neither a borrower nor a lender be.不要向人告贷，也不要借钱给人。It is hard to laugh and cry both with a breath.一口气又哭又笑，难以做得到。More hair than wit.头发比智慧多。More matter,less art.多讲实际，少弄玄虚。Sweet are uses of adversity.不幸中有甜蜜。Take all and pay all.要了什么就要付出什么。Every why has a wherefore.凡事必有因。Care is no cure.忧伤无益。Brevity is the soul of wit.简洁是智慧的灵魂。The course of true love never did run smooth.真正爱情之路从来崎岖不平。A woman is the weaker vessel.女人是易碎的器皿。All the world is a stage.整个世界就是一个舞台。All cats love fish but fear to wet their paws.所有的猫都爱鱼，但又怕湿了猫爪。There is a measure in all things.任何事都有个分寸。There is nothing but is good for something.没有什么东西一点用也没有。You must not expect old heads on young shoulders.你不要指望年轻的肩膀上长老年的头。Silver will have a silver sound.银子发出的是银子的声音。Be jogging while your boots are green.趁着你的靴子还未干，你就慢慢走吧。来自其他作家作品的谚语：来自其他作家作品的谚语：列夫 托尔斯泰 安娜 卡利尼娜：All happy families resemble one another;every unhappy family is in its own way.幸福的家庭彼此相似，不幸的家庭各有各的不幸。A.Trollope：There is no royal road to learning.学习无皇家的道路（无坦途）。雪莱西风颂：If winter comes,can spring be far behind?冬天来了，春天还会远吗？Buffon：The style is the man.风格即人。培根：Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。来自伊索寓言等来自伊索寓言等One swallow does not make a summer.一只燕子不成其为夏天。Kill not the goose that lays the golden eggs.不要杀生金蛋的鹅。The grapes are sour.葡萄是酸的。来自于其他语言的谚语：来自于其他语言的谚语：Dont put the cart before the horse.不要把马车放在马的前面。（本末倒置）Nurture is above nature.教育胜于天赋。No fool is so foolish as a learned fool.没有一个傻瓜比有学问的傻瓜更傻。来自宗教文献的谚语基督教（基督教（圣经圣经）：）：A good name is better than riches.美名胜过财富。Every heart has its own ache.每颗心都有其痛处。Better is a neighbour that is near than a brother far off.远亲不如近邻。A virtuous wife is a crown to her husband.贤德的妇女是她丈夫的冠冕。Stolen waters are sweet.偷来的水是甜的。Many advisors mean security.谋士众多，安如磐石。The love of money is the root of all evil.贪财是万恶之源。Whatsoever a man soweth,that shall he also reap.=As you sow,so will you reap.一个人不管种什么，他收的也是什么。Misfortunes never come alone/single.灾祸从不单独来。Every man must carry his own cross.每个人都必须背他自己的十字架。Forbidden fruit is sweet.禁果分外甜。佛教佛教放下屠刀，立地成佛不修今世修来世。善有善报，恶有恶报种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆有仇不报真君子，有恩不报是小人。道教：道教：月满则亏，水满则溢物极必反，否极泰来乐极生悲福兮祸所伏，祸兮福所倚儒教：儒教：天无绝人之路受人滴水之恩，应以涌泉相报人不犯我，我不犯人谚语的修辞特点设格明喻明喻隔行如隔山。救兵如救火。君子之交淡如水，小人之交甜如蜜。人生如白驹过隙。光阴似箭，日月如梭。人生似鸟同林宿，大难来时各自飞。学如逆水行舟，不进则退。Time tries friends,as fire tries gold.时间考验朋友，犹如烈火考验黄金。Zeal is like fire;it needs both feeding and watching.热情似火焰，既要添柴，又要小心。Character,like a kettle,once mended,always requires repairs.品德如水壶，补过一次就需要常常修理。暗喻：暗喻：书是人类伟大智慧的结晶。书是昨天的记载，今天的镜子，明天的见证。良书即良药，终身不可离。眼睛是心灵的窗户。Books are spectacles to read nature.书是了解自然的眼镜。A book that remains shut is but a block.不打开的书等于一块印板。Books are ships that pass through the vast sea of time.书是驶过时间大海的船只。借喻：借喻：他山之石，可以攻玉。船到桥头自然直。没有不透风的墙。留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。星星之火，可以燎原。山冲水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。The early bird catches the worm.早起之鸟捉到虫。Roses have thorns.玫瑰有刺。Freshest colors soonest fade.最鲜艳的颜色褪得最快。Fine feathers make fine birds.美丽的羽毛装扮漂亮的鸟。可以套译：Tall trees catch much wind.树大招风。/木秀于林，风必摧之。Walls have ears.隔墙有耳。Rome was not built in one day.冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。An empty wagon makes most noise.半瓶水响叮当。借代：借代：情人眼里出西施。借酒消愁，惟有杜康。熟读王叔和，不如临症多。The pen is mightier than the sword.笔比剑更有力。Two heads are better than one.两个脑袋比一个好。A good heart cannot lie.好心人不会说谎。双关：双关：东边日出西边雨，道是无晴却有晴。东南风，西北风，不抵老婆枕边风。Let patience grow in your garden always.让忍耐之花在你的花园中永不凋谢。Rue and thyme grow in one garden.芸香和百里香一起长在一个花园里。(rue后悔；thyme同音time时间）对偶：对偶：良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。路遥知马力，日久见人心。挂羊头，卖狗肉。沙糖嘴，刀子心。满嘴的仁义道德，一肚子男盗女娼。No love is foul,no prison fair.没有爱情是肮脏的，没有监狱是美丽的No bees,no honey;no work,no money.没有蜜蜂就没有蜂蜜，不劳动就没有金钱。Harm watch,harm catch.害人反害己。Little wealth,little sorrow.财产少，烦恼也少。排比：排比：有法必依，执法必严，违法必究。船多不碍江，车多不碍路，人多要互助。雁美在高空中，花美在绿丛中，话美在道理中，人美在劳动中Do not all you can,spend not all you have,believe not all you hear,and tell not all that you know.能做的莫做完，已有的莫花光，听到的莫全信，知道的莫全讲。