序言_岑岭.pdf

上海日清建筑设计有限公司董事、副总建筑师Director and Associate Chief Architect of Lacime Architects序言PREFACE岑岭CENLing自洋务运动以来，中国近代工业化历程历经百年艰辛。经过计划经济体制下的社会主义工业化时期和改革开放后的中国特色社会主义工业化建设时期，我国社会主义工业化道路建设取得了巨大成功，实现了从落后的农业大国向世界级工业大国的历史性转变，工业化进程也实现了由初期到后期的历史性飞跃。1949 年以来，我国绝大部分城市都是以工业化为基础发展壮大的。三线建设时期，我国在中西部地区进行了大规模的工业建设，很多乡镇都在改革开放后发展、建成了大批乡镇企业。城镇化建设也在飞速发展，常住人口城镇化率从 1960 年的19.75%上升到 2020 年的 63.89%，“十四五”时期更有望突破 65%。目前，中国城镇化建设已由粗放式发展阶段进入到了提升质量发展的新阶段。追求城市结构优化、功能完善和品质提升，推进以人为核心的新型城镇化，加快建设宜居、绿色、韧性、智慧、人文城市已经成为中国城镇化建设新要求。随着新型城镇化可持续、绿色、宜居的高质量发展要求的出台，以及产业自身的升级换代，工业厂房逐步搬迁、关停，留下了大量的工业遗存。从体量上，有些大到乡镇规模，有些小到仅有单个厂房；从区位上，有些位于大城市的老城区，有些位于交通不便的山麓乡野。这些工业遗产不仅汇聚了不可再生的宝贵资源，也蕴含了很多历史记忆和文化内涵。如何利用这些资源，发掘、保护和再利用其价值，是未来社会发展面临的重大课题。近年来，国内建成了很多独具代表性的工业遗产改造项目，如由北京首钢园区改造成的冬奥会赛场、上海黄浦江滨水岸线的一系列工业遗产改造等。这些实践项目区位各异、体量不一，由此也形成了百花齐放、各具特色的成果。本期特辑所收录的工业遗产改造项目从不同角度发掘了工业遗产的价值，并试图将其传承下来，融入城市以及人们的生活中去。1.历史技术产业价值工业遗产自身的历史价值及其所承接的产业、技术的价值。武汉汉阳钢厂先导区改造设计吸取了原有建筑立面的元素，重构了全新的建筑形态和格局，并与旁边的张之洞博物馆形成积极的对话，是对工业历史价值和当代属性相融合的新阐释。1930 冰山工业文化展览馆以原铸造车间的产业技术和设备为核心内容，重构历史场景动线，“冷”“热”结合，多层次地展现了工业精神。高明对川茶庄园的重建,在维持原产业生产内容不变并引入观光资源的同时,试图处理时空和生态断层间的矛盾。2.社区环境情感价值工业遗产融入城市，成为社区和情感生活的节点。1987 力波啤酒厂西片区改造和上海%莘荟商业中心暨冷库建筑更新均为位于城市老城区的综合更新改造项目，都从规划层面改善了城市公共空间的形象和品质。通过引入多元业态，保持了文化生长力和社区活力，延续了城市记忆。长拖1958 铸光仓对原铸造车间进行解构并将其重组，利用原有的尺度和空间，打通内外，在保留历史痕迹的同时引入商业业态。6特辑：工业遗存，价值重塑Feature:ReshapingtheValueofIndustrialHeritage3.结构实用经济价值通过结构选择、材质组合等手段，在合理经济的基础上实现富有创意的场景。798CUBE 美术馆对原卸货空场及临时库房进行改造，在继承厂房平铺直叙的规划肌理和朴素的建造逻辑的基础上，通过新旧、内外之间的对话，结合结构形式和材料表现力，塑造了层次丰富的公共艺术空间，展现出经典的美术馆空间更多的可能性和感染力。桐乡东浜头村双创客厅改造是对体量不小但价值难以显现的村办厂房进行改造的一次尝试。通过新旧叠加、重组，优化升级原有的建筑结构和构造。新旧材质的对比以及新加入的屋面形式和立面肌理，将原本平平无奇的厂房改造成充满活力的乡村社区中心。“棒棒糖”活动空间的设计是在对老厂房的外表皮进行最小干预的条件下，对其内部进行的功能和空间的重组。由此产生的界面自身成为了一种展示性的空间装置，既满足功能、设备的需求和达到被动式微气候改善的效果，又通过室内光影变幻、空间与尺度的对话张力，形成了充满内涵和趣味的场景效果。未来社 HOUSE 在保留原有厂房结构的同时，打通了底层室内外空间，附设室外楼梯“光塔”。亮眼的立面配色和室内设计将工业遗存融入现代人的创意生活，形成小而美的咖啡休闲和展示空间。4.工业建筑美学价值体现工业建筑本身独特的气质和美感。深圳华侨城 OPOWER 文化艺术中心将由油罐形态发展而来的圆形母题贯穿建筑内外，使得圆柱形中庭空间成为文化中心的精神核心。增加的圆形单层体量改善了原厂房与城市的对话关系，同时文创后街部分和景观设计交相呼应，使得原来单调的厂区转变成充满灵动和吸引力的公共文化场所。南京园博园先锋筒仓书店在“轻介入”策略下，将 10 个常见的水泥筒仓内外融合、上下贯通，形成一组奇妙的空间。后通过引入书店作为运营主体，使得工业和文化气息的反差融合给城市增加了带来奇特体验感的公共文化空间。凡人纪念馆将一座原本为围垦工人提供饮用水的废弃水塔，通过置入记录崇明当地的围垦历史、富有艺术美学色彩的独立螺旋式楼梯，改建成纪念普通人的光塔，在提炼其象征意义的同时，也重塑并升华了工业遗存的价值。对以上 4 点价值的分析只是介绍了我们面对工业遗存改造时可能的切入点。从城市发展的角度来说，每一个项目都是独一无二、不可复制的，工业遗存改造项目只有结合城市运营要求和满足人们生活需求，才能达到可持续发展的目标。72022.9 建筑实践ArchitecturalPracticeIn recent years,many typical industrial heritage reno-vation projects have been completed in China,such as the Winter Olympic Games venue transformed from Beijing Shougang Industrial Park,and a series of industrial heritage renovations along the waterfront of the Huangpu River in Shanghai.These practice projects are different in locations and sizes,which are fruitful with respective characteristics.The industrial heritage renovation projects included in this special issue have mined the value of industrial heritages from different perspectives with an attempt to pass on and integrate them into the cities and peoples lives.1.Historical,Technological and Industrial ValuesThis section is about historic value of industrial heritages and their industrial and technical values.The renovation design of the pilot zone of Wuhan Hanyang Steel Works has absorbed the elements of original building facades,re-shaped a new architectural form and pattern,and formed a positive dialogue with the Museum of ZHANG Zhidong in Wuhan nearby,which is a new interpre-tation of the combination of historic value and contempo-rary attributes of the industry.The 1930 Bingshan Industrial Culture Exhibition Hall,based on the industrial technology and equipment of the original casting workshop,has reshaped the historical scene line and combined cold and hot elements to show the industrial spirit at multiple levels.The reforming of Duichuan Tea Yards in Gaoming is an attempt to deal with the conflict between time and space and the ecological fault,while keeping the production content of the original industry unchanged and introducing sightseeing resources.2.Community,Environmental and Emotional ValuesBeing integrated into cities,industrial heritages have become a node of the community and sentimentality.The renovation of 1987 REEB Brewery West Plot and the renovation of the Shanghai BAImunity Center are both comprehensive update and renovation projects located in the old urban areas of the city,which have both improved the image and quality of urban public space from the level Since the Westernization Movement,the modern indus-trialization process of China has experienced a century of hardships and challenges.After undergoing the socialist industrialization under the planned economy and the social-ist industrialization construction with Chinese characteristics after the launch of the reform and opening up policy,a great success has been achieved in the construction of socialist industrialization path of China,which has been transformed from a backward great agricultural country to a world-class industrial power,with the industrialization process achieving a historic leap from the early stage to the later stage.Since 1949,most cities of China have developed and grown on the basis of industrialization.During the Third-Front Construction period,industrial construction was launched on a large scale in the middle and west of China.In many towns,a large number of township enterprises have been established and developed after the launch of the reform and opening up policy.Urbanization has also been developing rapidly,which rose from 19.75%in 1960 to 63.89%in 2020.During the 14th Five-Year Plan,the urbanization rate is expected to exceed 65%.At present,the urbanization in China has entered from a stage of extensive development into a new stage of quality improvement.It has become the new requirements of urbanization in China to optimize the urban structure,improve functions and quality,promote the novel urbanization centered on people and accelerate the construction of livable,green,resilient,smart and humanistic cities.With the release of the requirement on the high-quality development of sustainable,green and livable cities in novel urbanization and the upgrade of industries,industrial premises have been relocated and shut one after another,leaving a lot of industrial heritages.Among them,some are as large as a town,while some are only a small single work-shop.Some are located in the old urban areas of big cities,while some are located in the remote countryside at the foot of mountains with inconvenient traffic.These industrial heritages have not only gathered precious non-renewable resources,but also carried a lot of historical memory and cultural connotation.It will be a significant issue faced by the social development in the future how to make use of these resource and mine,protect and re-utilize their values.8特辑：工业遗存，价值重塑Feature:ReshapingtheValueofIndustrialHeritageThe Patch_in House has linked up the interior and exte-rior space at the ground floor while keeping the original fac-torys structure,attached with a Tower of Light of outdoor stairs.The eye-catching facade colors and the interior design have integrated the industrial heritage into the creative lives of modern people,forming a small and beautiful leisure cafe and exhibition space.4.Industrial Architecture Aesthetic Value This section is about reflecting the unique aesthetics and temperament of industrial architecture themselves.OPower Culture and Art Center adopts the theme of circle developed from the oil tank inside and outside the buildings,turning the cylindrical atrium space into the spir-itual core of the Culture Center.The introduction of a round single-floor body has improved the dialogue relationship between the original workshop and the city.Meanwhile,the back street of cultural creativity echoes with the landscape design,turning the original monotonous workshop into a public cultural venue full of flexibility and charm.The Garden Expo Silo Bookstore of Librairie AVANT-GARDE in Nanjing,under the strategy of light intervention,has integrated the inside and outside and linked the upper and lower sides of ten common cement silos to form a set of amazing space.Later,by introducing a bookstore as the sub-ject of operation,it has achieved a contrast and integration between the industrial and cultural atmospheres to bring a public cultural space with an amazing experience to the city.The Memorial of Everyman has transformed an aban-doned water tower that used to supply drinking water to the reclamation workers into a light tower commemorating ordinary people,by introducing the independent spiral stairs recording the local reclamation history of Chongming and rich in artistic and aesthetic elements.While refining its symbolic meaning,it has recreated and promoted the value of the industrial heritage.The above analysis of 4 kinds of values is only a possible starting point when we face the renovation of industrial heritages.Spoken from the perspective of urban develop-ment,every project is unique and cannot be replicated.Only by being based on the urban operation requirements and satisfying the peoples life demands can the industrial heri-tage renovation projects achieve a sustainable development.of planning.By introducing a variety of business forms,they have retained the cultural growth and community vitality to extend the citys memory.The renovation of Changtuo 1958 Workshop#3 was an attempt to decompose and restructure the original casting room by linking up the inside and outside on the basis of the original space and dimensions,which has introduced com-mercial forms while preserving the historical rudiment.3.Structural,Practical and Economic ValuesThrough methods such as structure selection and material combination,scenes with rich creativity have been achieved on the basis of economic feasibility.798CUBE Art Museum was a renovation of the original unloading space and temporary warehouse.On the basis of carrying on the factorys plain and ungarnished planning and its simple construction structure and through a dialogue between the old and new and the inside and outside,with the aid of structural forms and material expressive force,it has created a public art space with rich levels to show more possibilities and a bigger appeal of the classical art museum space.The Entrepreneurship&Innovation Center renovation in Dongbangtou Village,Tongxiang was an attempt to renovate the village-run factory with a big size whose value is difficult to be revealed.Through the overlaying and recombination of the old and new elements,the original architectural structures and constructions were optimized and upgraded.Thanks to the contrast of the old and new materials and the introduction of new roof forms and facade textures,the originally plain factory has been transformed into a vibrant village community center.The design of Bonbon Town activity space(Sugar Hall)was an attempt to recombine the functions and space inside an old factory with the minimal intervention to its outer sur-face.The interface formed has become an exhibition space device,which can satisfy the requirements of functions and equipment and achieve the effect of passive microclimate improvement.Through the changing light and shadow inside and the dialogue and tension between space and size,it has formed an interesting scene effect full of meaning.92022.9 建筑实践ArchitecturalPractice