IT项目管理考点 豪华版.doc

目录
IT项目管理考点 豪华版 1
【分题型复习】 2
【分章复习】 4
Chapter 1 Introduction to Project Management 4
简答题： 10
选择题 12
Chapter 2 The Project Management and Information Technology Context 12
（人力资源相关） 16
选择题 17
Chapter 3: The Project Management Process Groups: A Case Study 17
选择题： 24
Chapter 4: Project Integration Management 25
（质量管理相关） 32
选择题： 35
Chapter 5: Project Scope Management 37
选择题： 39
Chapter 6 Project Time Management 39
选择题 49
Chapter 7: Project Cost Management 51
课后作业题EXERCISE 1 计算题 54
选择题： 55
Chapter 8: Project Quality Management 57
选择题： 58
Chapter 9: Project Human Resource Management 59
选择题 61
后面几章：要懂得案例分析（会从这三章出题一道题考核） 61
Chapter 10: Project Communications Management 61
选择题 63
Chapter 11: Project Risk Management 63
选择题： 65
Chapter 12: Project Procurement Management 67
选择题 68
选择题【归属不明】 68

IT项目管理考点 豪华版
材料来自：
IT项目管理题库
5班IT项目管理复习考点
IT项目管理纲要
1.2班复习重点内容
ITPM_CH7
IT项目管理复习提纲手抄版(上)
IT项目管理考点总结
New _7
PM_Homework1
PPT中考纲相关内容
《IT项目管理》第五版中文版电子书

来不及漂亮地给排版下、、总之字体不一样就是不同文档的

【分题型复习】
选择题 单选题30个题30分（英文题目）
计算题 成本管理净现值的分析，进度管理里面一个活动的几个时间（关键路径）
简答题 项目管理过程，项目九大知识领域
分析题
90%已经讲给大家听了。10%需要自己查漏补缺。

单项选择：30分
简答：30分
计算题：30分
计算题：净现值的分析 租赁购买 预期货币值 最早开始时间/最晚结束时间/时间差
分析题：10分
分析题：配置管理、缺陷管理、质量管理——软件配置、缺陷管理的流程 融会贯通

（1） 选择题 13*3 选择题会很难， 正如老师说的 客观题目能够拉开差距， 还好，我们有晓文从师兄那里找到的题库。
（2） 名词解释4*4 简单的解释名词 可能的考点 project, project mange framework(F1.2) stakeholder, 项目管理九大知识域(T3-1), cocomo II, CMMI（软件成熟度模型），ISO 9000， baseline。

COCOMO，英文全称为Constructive Cost Model，中文为构造性成本模型。它是由巴里·勃姆（Barry Boehm）提出的一种软件成本估算方法。这种模型使用一种基本的回归分析公式，使用从项目历史和现状中的某些特征作为参数来进行计算。

项目管理计划为确认和控制项目变更提供了基准。基准(baseline) 是批准的项目管理计划加上核准的变更。
91 The _________ is a time-phased budget that will be used to measure and monitor cost performance in the project.
A. work breakdown structure
B. project schedule
C. cost baseline
D. cost budget
Answer: C

（3） 问答题
(a) 项目经理的职业特征
ANS: (1) plan work and work planner (2) 作出决策 (3) 协调干系人之间的要求， 保证满意度（4）控制产品质量（5）监控产品开发过程（6）负责所有项目集成管理中提到的内容（7）对团队负责，平衡各方需求，解决各方冲突（8）向客户作出承诺
(b) CCS 什么是变更控制系统
(c) 理解项目，项目管理
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result

Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements

(d) 理解项目管理过程组
（4） 案例题 包括课后作业题， 第八章软件质量管理opening case 老师根据它出题

【分章复习】
Chapter 1 Introduction to Project Management
第一章 项目管理的介绍 比例较重 选择和简答
1 项目管理的优点 必要性 好处 第7页

Better control of financial, physical, and human resources
Improved customer relations
Shorter development times
Lower costs
Higher quality and increased reliability
Higher profit margins
Improved productivity
Better internal coordination
Higher worker morale

2 项目概念 第8页 （项目的属性 第12页）
投入 生命周期 约束性条件=>临时团队
项目本身有生命周期 临时性
关键：能判断哪些是项目（时间限制） 哪些是例行事务（一直进行） 中文ppt中的例子 区别 比较 判断（必考）
A project is “a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result”
A project:
Has a unique purpose
Is temporary
Is developed using progressive elaboration
Requires resources, often from various areas
Should have a primary customer or sponsor
The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project
Involves uncertainty

A technician replaces ten laptops for a small department
A small software development team adds a new feature to an internal software application for the finance department
A college campus upgrades its technology infrastructure to provide wireless Internet access across the whole campus
A cross-functional task force in a company decides what Voice-over-Internet-Protocol (VoIP) system to purchase and how it will be implemented

3 项目管理三角约束关系：范围 成本 时间（一定掌握）
现实：三角=》四角 +质量
Successful project management means meeting all three goals (scope, time, and cost) – and satisfying the project’s sponsor!

Project management is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements”

Project managers strive to meet the triple constraint by balancing project scope, time, and cost goals

The triple constraint of project management：Scope,time,cost
Constraint           Importance
Time                The time constraint refers to the amount of time available to complete the
                     project. A tight time constraint could mean increased costs and reduced
                     scope.

Cost                The cost constraint refers to the amount of budget available to complete the
                     project. A tight cost constraint could mean increased time and reduced
                     scope.
Scope               The scope constraint refers to what must to be done to produce the project's
                     end result. Scope is based on customer's requirements. Increased scope means
                     increased time and increased costs.

4 16页的图 要会画哦
干系人的需求和希望 +九大知识领域 +工具和技术=成功项目管理

Stakeholder定义（其中最重要的是sponsor 投资人）
Stakeholders are the people involved in or affected by project activities
Stakeholders include:
The project sponsor
The project manager
The project team
Support staff
Customers
Users
Suppliers
Opponents to the project

九大知识领域
四个核心 进度 成本 范围 质量
四个辅助 人力 采购 沟通 风险
集成管理

五个过程组 启动 计划 执行（时间最长） 监督和控制 收尾 （IT、工程项目）
每个过程的责任 与知识领域结合起来
每个知识领域在每个过程中要做什么事情（有个表格）

Knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop
4 core knowledge areas lead to specific project objectives (scope, time, cost, and quality)
4 facilitating knowledge areas are the means through which the project objectives are achieved (human resources, communication, risk, and procurement management
1 knowledge area (project integration management) affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas
All knowledge areas are important!
4 core knowledge areas of project management :
1 Project scope
2 time,
3 cost
4 quality management
4 facilitating knowledge areas:
1 human resource
2 communications
3 risk
4 procurement management

9 knowledge areas:
1 scope management
2 Time management
3 Cost management
4 Quality management
5 Human resource management
6 Communications management
7 Risk management
8 Procurement management
9 Project integration management

5 项目经理的重要性=》所需素质、技能（掌握）34页后几页
其中：软（例如：软件架构、技术的掌握）、硬（例如：知识领域的把握）技能 能区分

Job descriptions vary, but most include responsibilities like planning, scheduling, coordinating, and working with people to achieve project goals
Remember that 97% of successful projects were led by experienced project managers, who can often help influence success factors

The Project Management Body of Knowledge
Application area knowledge, standards, and regulations
Project environment knowledge
General management knowledge and skills
Soft skills or human relations skills

Effective project managers provide leadership by example
A leader focuses on long-term goals and big-picture objectives while inspiring people to reach those goals
A manager deals with the day-to-day details of meeting specific goals
Project managers often take on the role of both leader and manager

Advantage of using formal project management?
1 Better control of financial,physical,and human resources
2 improved customer relations
3 shorter development times
4 lower costs and improved productivity
5 higher quality and increased reliability
6 higher profit margins
7 better internal coordination
8 positive impact on meeting strategic goals
9 higher worker morale

硬技能就像计算机硬件，是外在的，大家都能看的见，或者容易感觉到的东西。主要包括：（1）智力水平，是否聪明；（2）专业知识，比如计算机技术、业务经验等；（3）逻辑分析能力，思维是否周密，推理是否严谨；（4）解决复杂问题能力，是否有大局观，是否能够抓住问题的关键点等；（5）计划、管理、协调等管理技术。总的来说，项目经理的硬技能主要包括两个方面：智力水平，专业技能，也就是通常所谓的“做事”方面。

软技能就像软件，是内在的，看不见、也把握不准。主要包括：（1）情绪情感控制能力，不光是自己，也包括控制别人的情绪情感；（2）和谐的人际关系，与大家友好相处；（3）沉着冷静，自信，勇气；（4）为人正直，得到别人的信任；（5）谈判与冲突处理。软技能基本没有技术成分，也没有标准方法，每个人有自己的套路，也就是通常所谓的“做人”方面。

所谓“软技能”，是相对“硬技能”而言的。我们把项目经理所需要的技能分为两类：方法、手段比较明确、可变因素少、工作结果比较可控的一类我们称为“硬技能”；而在方法手段方面无公式可遵循、可变因素多、作用对象大多为人的一类称为“软技能”。软技能通常要以沟通、协调作为手段，通过影响他人观点、意见来达到目的。

6 项目管理的认证 PMP
两大项目管理组织：美国：PMI（项目管理协会）（知识体系：PMPOK）（认证体系：PMP） 欧洲：ipmp
The Project Management Institute (PMI) is an international professional society for project managers founded in 1969
PMI has continued to attract and retain members, reporting 277,221 members worldwide by August 31, 2008
There are specific interest groups in many areas, like engineering, financial services, health care, IT, etc.
Project management research and certification programs continue to grow
Students can join PMI at a reduced fee (see www.pmi.org for details)

PMI provides certification as a Project Management Professional (PMP)
A PMP has documented sufficient project experience, agreed to follow a code of ethics, and passed the PMP exam
The number of people earning PMP certification is increasing quickly
PMI and other organizations offer additional certification programs (see Appendix B)

Project Management Certification
} PMI provides certification as a Project Management Professional (PMP)

简答题：
Chapter1 homework
1.What are Project Attributes?
Solution：
1）A project has a unique purpose.
2）A project is temporary.
3) A project is developed using progressive elaboration.
4) A project requires resources,often from various areas.
5) A project should have a primary customer or sponsor.
6)The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project.
7) A project involves uncertainty.
2.What is the Triple Constraint of Project Management?
Solution:
1)scope
2)time,
3)cost
3.What are knowledge areas of project?
Solution:
Knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop.
1)Four core knowledge areas lead to specific project objectives(scope,time,cost,and quality).
2)Four facilitating knowledge areas are the means through which the project objectives are achieved(human resources,communication,risk,and procurement management).
3) One knowledge area(project integration management) affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas.
4) All knowledge areas are important!
4.What are Project Stakeholders?
Soultion:
1)Stakeholders are the people involved in or affected
by project activities.
2)Stakeholders include:Project sponsor,Project manager, Project team,Support staff,Customers,Users,Suppliers,Opponents to the project.

Exercise1:Reading the paragraphs of Project Stakeholders in page 10 to understand each kind of the people.
Answer the question:
What is the difference between the customers and users?
Solution：
The customers are those who buy the software system，and they are entitled to decide the requirements. In contrastthe users are those who utilize the software system to satisfy their requirement. However,the constomers have no significant correlation with the users. For an ordinary software system, such as a personal security software, the customers can be the users. But , for a large software system, such as a telecom software system or a bank software system,the customers are the a large telecommunications company or
a bank. But the users include the employees and the clients of in the telecommunications company or the bank.

Exercise21:What is the difference between a team and a group?
Solution：
A team is featured by teamwork and cohesion. The members of a team must be responsible and the team must provide a disciplined approach to assigning tasks .The concept of a team can be used to describe the set of members in a project.
However, a group is used to describe the set of people on some ordinary occasions. A team emphisizes the importance of uniting as one. Thus, we can easily dsicuss “in group” with ohters instead of “in team”.

选择题
1. Regarding management and leadership all of the following are true except
A. On a project, particularly a larger project, the project manager is generally expected to be the project's leader as well.
B. Technical leadership is of primary importance in project management
C. Managing is primarily concerned with consistently producing key results expected by stakeholders
D. Leading involves establishing direction, aligning people, motivating and inspiring
Answer: B
9.All of the following statements concerning project stakeholders are true except
A. Differences between or among stakeholders should be resolved in favor of the customer.
B. Managing stakeholder expectations may be difficult because stakeholders often have very different objectives, that may come into conflict.
C. Project stakeholders may influence the course of the project and its results.
D. Differences between or among stakeholders should be resolved in the most cost efficient manner consistent with project objectives.利益相关者之间的差异应该以最具成本效益的方式解决，与项目目标相一致。
Answer: D

12 Which type of leadership is best suited for optimizing team performance in projects?
A. Democratic leadership.民主化领导的。
B. Participative leadership.参与型领导
C. Autocratic leadership.专制的领导
D. Benevolent authoritative leadership仁慈权威的领导
Answer: B

19 Which of the following is not considered to be part of Project Resource Management?
A. Working staff.
B. Materials.
C. Equipment.
D. Time and money.
Answer: D
30 You are assigned as the project manager in a project with an aggressive schedule. During a recent meeting your team complained about the high pressure applied and the many hours of overwork time.
What is the preferred solution to handle the problem?
A. Try to obtain additional budget and time.试图获取额外的预算和时间
B. Improve team communication and availability of high quality data on risks. Use this information to enable you to make well-founded decisions earlier.改进团队的沟通和高质量风险数据的可获得性。使用这些信息帮助你较早的做出有依据的决策
C. The problem might be the customer disturbing project rhythm. Keep him on distance from the team.
D. Apply fast tracking to shorten project duration without additional work.
Answer: A
考虑三重制约（范围、进度、成本、质量）；尊重客观规律，如果太多加班说明进度不合理，要调整
46 What is not handled as a constraint in project management?
A. Laws and regulations.
B. Limits of authorization.授权限制。
C. Team preferences.团队的喜好
D. Physical constraints.
Answer: C

54 Companies and institutions commonly hire leaders with
A. A strong position in negotiating谈判 .
B. Experience in tricking business partners.
C. Integrity and expertise.
D. A strong link to local traditions.
Answer: C
58 You are a member of your company's project office. The company is running many concurrent projects; most of them share a resource pool. Understanding how resources are utilized across projects is seen as being essential to cost effectiveness and profitability.
You recently received an inquiry 查询to assess the benefits of using project management software to manage the company's project portfolio.
Which of the following is true?
a. Project management software has the capability to help organize reso