综合英语一上册讲义.docx

（二）上海的人口环境对饰品消费的影响虽然调查显示我们的创意计划有很大的发展空间，但是各种如“漂亮女生”和“碧芝”等连锁饰品店在不久的将来将对我们的创意小屋会产生很大的威胁。Lesson One　 The Time Message

人民广场地铁站有一家名为“漂亮女生”的饰品店，小店新开，10平方米不到的店堂里挤满了穿着时尚的女孩子。不几日，在北京东路、淮海东路也发现了“漂亮女生”的踪影，生意也十分火爆。现在上海卖饰品的小店不计其数，大家都在叫生意难做，而“漂亮女生”却用自己独特的经营方式和魅力吸引了大批的女生。
（二）大学生对DIY手工艺品消费态度分析
　　一、词 汇

　　title: message 消息，要旨，要点
　　take a message to sb. 给某人捎个口信
　　short message 短信
　　beginning n. 开始；起初
　　at the beginning of 在……的开始
　　I visited my uncle at the beginning of this year.
　　semester （美式英语） term（英式英语）
　　mid-term exam 期中考试
　　final exam 期末考试
　　cover v. 处理
　　duty n. 任务
　　management n管理
　　number one adj. 最重要的，头号的
　　seriously adv. 真心地，当真地，严肃地
　　For example: Are you serious? 你是认真的吗？
　　once conj. 一旦……（就……）
　　Once you get out of the gate, don't come back again.
　　一旦你走出这个门，就不要再回来。
　　weekly adj. 每周一次的
　　yearly adj. 每年一次的
　　daily adj. 每天一次的
　　follow v. 遵照，沿用
　　following adj. 紧接着的
　　realistic 现实可行的
　　real 真正的 really 副词 You are really lovely，really?
　　reality 现实 in reality 在现实中
　　essay n. 作文，短文
　　quiz n. 考查；测验
　　qu的发音：[kw]
　　upset v. 打乱；打翻
　　　　　adj. 伤心的 同义词：sad
　　You upset my plan. 你打乱了我的计划。
　　ability n. 能力，才智
　　You have a lot of ability.
　　Or：You are a great person with great ability.
　　你是一个很有能力的人。
　　grade n. 分数
　　achieve v. 获得
　　flexible adj. 灵活的
　　反义词：inflexible
　　re-plan v. 重新计划
　　basis 名词
　　on the basis of 在….基础上 I succeed on the basis of hard working.
　　On the basis of hard working I have passed my exam.
　　be based on His success is based on his hard working.
　　project n. 课题；研究项目
　　mid-term adj. 期中的
　　solid adj. 扎实的
　　schedule n. 计划表
　　alive adj. 活着的，起作用的
　　for example :My grandmother is still alive .
　　assignment n. 作业
　　activity n. 活动
　　social 社会的 social problems 社会问题
　　society 社会, 社团（名词）
　　seem 好像（系动词）
　　It seems that he is ill.
　　He seems to be ill.
　　He seems to be sun-burned.
　　It seems that he is sun-burned.
　　他好像晒黑了。
　　It seems that you don't enjoy your trip to Canada.
　　你好像并不喜欢这次加拿大之旅啊。
　　We seem to be enemy to each other.
　　我们两人好像敌人一般。
　　Back adj. 以前的；过去的

　　二、课文分析
　　Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look ahead , you think you have more time than you need . For example, at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands. But toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties, so you get worried. What is the answer? Control!
　　1.It is difficult to control and easy to waste.
　　it is + adj. + to do sth. 做…是…的
　　It is important for a student to work hard.
　　2.When you look ahead , you think you have more time than you need .
　　你或许觉得你有很多时间。
　　have time on one's hands: 有许多时间
　　3.But toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out.
　　run out 用完，用光
　　My milk is running out. 我的牛奶快要喝光了。
　　My milk has run out.我的牛奶已经喝光了。
　　Or I have run out my milk.
　　Time is dangerous.If you don't control it it will control you. If you don't make it work for you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one problem.
　　4.If you don't control it, it will control you.
　　make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

　　Please don't make me do so much homework.
　　不要让我做这么多的家庭作业。
　　被动语态：be made to do sth.
　　My mother makes me do a lot of homework.
　　我母亲让我做很多家庭作业。
　　被动句：
　　I am made to do a lot of homework by my mother.
　　5.As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one problem.
　　number one: 头等的，最重要的；最有成就的
　　作为大学一年级的学生，妥善安排时间是你的头等大事。
　　Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste, the easier it is to go on wasting time. If you seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice.
　　6.The more time you waste, the easier it is to go on wasting time.
　　句型：the more… the more 越…就越…
　　for example : The more you eat, the more quickly you grow.
　　你吃得越多，长得就越快。
　　The more hard working you are , the better you study.
　　你学习越努力，成绩就越好。
　　go on doing sth. 继续做某事
　　7.ge the most out of sth. 充分利用…
　　put sth. into practice 把…付诸实践
　　Message 1: Control time from the beginning.
　　Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the beginning of the term.
　　8.Time is today, not tomorrow or next week.
　　时间就是现在，不是明天或者下个星期。（抓紧时间就是抓紧当前的时间，不要把事情推到明天或是下周。）
　　Message 2. Get the notebook habit.
　　Go and buy a notebook today. Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared , follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the plan for the following week.
　　9.Get the notebook habit.
　　养成用笔记本的习惯。
　　10.Once a weekly study plan is prepared , follow the same pattern every week with small changes.
　　Once :一旦
　　一旦一周的学习计划写好以后，就要遵守同样的模式，每周只允许微小的变化。
　　Message 3. Be realistic.
　　Often you know from experience how long it takes you to write a short essay, to study for a quiz, or to review for a final exam. When you plan time for these things, be realistic. Allow for unexpected things. Otherwise your entire plan may be upset.
　　11.Allow for unexpected things.
　　（定计划）要留有余地，要预计发生意外的事情。
　　allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
　　expect sb. to do sth. 期盼某人做某事
　　expected adj. 意料当中的 反义词：unexpected 出乎意料的
　　12.Otherwise your entire plan may be upset.
　　否则你的整个计划就会被打乱。
　　Otherwise 否则，是书面语，口语中用"or"
　　Message 4. Plan at least one hour for each hour in class.
　　How much study time you plan for each classroom hour depends on four things:（1）your ability,（2）the difficulty of the class, （3） the grades you hope to achieve, and（4）how well you use your study time. One thing, however, is certain: you should plan at least one hour of study for each classroom hour: In many cases, two or three hours will be required.
　　13.How much study time you plan for each classroom hour depends on four things:（1）your ability,（2）the difficulty of the class,（3）the grades you hope to achieve, and（4）how well you use your study time.
　　本句的谓语是：depend on主语是how much 引导的从句；how much time 在从句中作plan 的宾语。
　　你为每节课安排多少（学习）时间，取决于4个因素：1.能力2.这节课的难度3.你希望得到的分数4.你利用时间的能力。
　　14.One thing, however, is certain: you should plan at least one hour of study for each classroom hour: In many cases, two or three hours will be required.
　　case n. 案例
　　keep sb. / sth. +adj. 使…保持某种状态
　　For example: Keep the classroom clean. 使教室保持干净。
　　Message 5. Keep your plan flexible.
　　It is important that you re-plan your time on a weekly basis so that you can make certain changes when necessary. For example, before mid-term or final exams, you will want to give more time to reviewing. A good plan must be a little flexible so that special projects can be done well.
　　15.It is important that you re-plan your time on a weekly basis so that you can make certain changes when necessary.
　　每周重新安排时间很重要，这样才能在必要时进行调整。
　　句型It is +adj. + that 从句/to do
　　for example: It is common for me to read newspapers every evening.
　　It is common that I like reading newspapers in the evening.
　　review 复习
　　Message 6. Study for some time each class day.
　　Some solid work each day is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next. When you work out your schedule, try to include at least two study hours each day. This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments.
　　17.Some solid work each day is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next.
　　better than…好过…
　　每天都踏踏实实的学习一会，比一天学习很长时间，第2天什么也不学要好。
　　18.When you work out your schedule, try to include at least two study hours each day.
　　little 比较级 less；最高级 least　　at least 至少； at most 最多
　　19.This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments.
　　keep sb. up to date on… 使某人跟上…的进度
　　这不仅能使你保持这一（好的）学习习惯，而且还帮你跟上课堂进度。
　　Message 7. Free on Saturday-study on Sunday.
　　It is good to stop all study activities for one full day. Many students choose Saturday for sports or social activities. Sunday, on the other hand, seems to be best study day for many students. It is a good day to catch up on back reading and other assignments.
　　20.Many students choose Saturday for sports or social activities.
　　choose chose chosen
　　choice n. 选择
　　21.It is a good day to catch up on back reading and other assignments.
　　catch up on 赶上，跟上
　　catch up with sb.
　　back adj. 过去的，拖欠的
　　星期天是用来补上拖欠的阅读任务和其它作业的好时机。

　　三、语法与练习
　　1.Useful Expressions
　　have a lot of time on one's hands 有很多时间
　　work for 为……效力
　　work against 对……不利
　　look ahead 看前面，考虑未来
　　at the beginning of 在……的开始
　　plenty of 大量的
　　get the most out of sth.充分利用……的机会
　　put…into practice 付诸实施
　　allow for 考虑到
　　allow for unexpected things
　　on a weekly/daily basis 每周/每天
　　at least 至少
　　2.Verb pattern 1
　　主语＋系动词＋表语（代词 / 名词 / 名词短语）
　　Time is money.
　　The dictionary is mine.
　　Wasting time is a bad habit.
　　注意：用于这一句型的系动词主要有appear, be, become, feel, look, prove, remain, seem和sound等。系动词appear, seem 和prove后面加to be.
　　For example: Xiao Ming appears to be unhappy.
　　This song sounds beautiful. 这首歌听起来很美。
　　3.Question on the Text
　　1）Who is the article written for? And why?
　　The Time Message is written for the first-year college students because it is important for them to learn how to use time properly when they start college.
　　5）Why is it important to realistic when you plan time for a short essay, or an exam?
　　It is important to be realistic when you plan time for a short essay or an exam because we must allow for unexpected things. Otherwise our entire plan may be upset.
　　关于汉译英的技巧：抓住句子的结构
　　4.Vocabulary Exercises
　　* 形容词＋ly（以……方式地）――副词
　　stupidly 愚蠢地 cleverly 聪明地 weakly 无力地
　　clearly 清楚地 frankly 坦率地 gladly 高兴地
　　* 名词＋ly （具有某性质的）――形容词
　　brotherly（兄弟般的） motherly 母亲般的
　　deathly 死一般的 cowardly 胆小的 manly 男子气的
　　friendly 友好的 be friendly to sb.
　　She is so friendly to me.
　　* 名词＋ly （每隔一段时间发生地；每隔一段时间出版报纸等）－形容词/副词/名词
　　hourly 每小时一次地/的 quarterly 每季度一次地/的；季刊
　　将-ly 加在下列单词后面构成新词，必要时适当更改单词拼写。
　　1）easy, faithful, true, quiet, bad
　　2）king, love, father, man, friend
　　3）night, year, week, day, month
　　5.Grammar（Nouns）
　　名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两类。 而普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。其中，个体名词和集体名词为可数名词，而物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词。
　　1）可数名词在句子中出现，只有三种形式：前面有a或the，后面带复数s或es。
　　2）不可数名词在句子中出现，也有三种形式：前后什么都不加；前面加计量词或the。不可数名词没有复数形式。
　　一片面包：a loaf of bread
　　3）大多数集体名词可作单数，也可作复数，如：army，audience，class，committee，crew（全体船员，乘务员），crowd，faculty，family，government，group，orchestra，public，team，union等。但有些虽然是单数形式，却用作复数，如：cattle（牲畜），mankind（人类），militia（民兵），people，police，poultry（家畜），staff（全体职员）等。
　　My family is a happy one. 我的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。
　　My family like cat. 我的家人都喜欢猫。
　　The police protect us. 警察保护我们。
　　a policeman 一位警察 two policemen
　　3）What does the author advise you to do at the beginning of the term?
　　What the author of the time message advises you to do is that we should / are to make a plan at the beginning of the term.
　　4）What is the use of a notebook?
　　The use of a notebook is that it can be used to plan our study each day.
　　5）Why is it important to be realistic when you plan time for a short essay, or an exam?
　　It is important to be realistic when you plan time because unexpected things will happen.
　　7）Why must a good plan be a little flexible?
　　A good plan should be a little flexible because it is easy to make small changes.
　　6.Translate the following passage into English.
　　时间很重要。（Time is important.）人人每天有24小时，每年有365天，一旦我们生命中的一天消失，就再也不会回来。（Everyone has twenty-four hours a day, and three hundred sixty-five days a year, once a day in our life is gone, it will never return.）我们要是热爱生命，就不应该浪费时间。（If we love our lives, we shouldn't waste time.）我们应该掌握时间。（We should control time.）使用时间的最好办法就是好好计划时间。（The best way of using time is to plan time well.）
　　在制定学习计划时，我们应该记住两件事。（When we are planning time，we should remember two things.）第一，应该现实一些，不要企图干太多的事情。（Firstly, be realistic，and don't try to do too many things.）第二，好的计划要灵活一点。（Secondly, a good plan should be a little flexible.）我们可以每周做些小的变动，但总的模式不变。（We can make small changes but follow the same pattern every week.）
　　让我们当时间的主人，今天就开始我们的计划。（Let us be the master of the time,and start our plan today.）
　　7将下列句子译成英语。
　　1）我的食物都吃光了，得再去买点。
　　I have run out of my food, so I have to buy some.
　　2）既然你这么说了，就应该把你的话付诸实施。
　　Since you have said this, you should put your words into practice.
　　3）坐公共汽车去那儿至少要花两个小时。
　　It takes sb sometime to do sth. 做某事花了某人多长时间
　　It takes at least 2 hours to go there by bus
　　On foot 徒步
　　4）尽管我们失败了，但至少我们也尽力了。
　　Although we failed, at least we tried our best.
　　5）大声点说话，让大家都听得见。
　　Speak louder, so that everybody can hear you.
　　6）你花了多长时间写这篇文章？
　　How long did it take you to write that article?
　　7）你似乎很难过。告诉我们发生什么事了，这样我们好帮你。
　　You seem to be sad. Tell us what happened, so that we can help you.
　　8）我们应该保持教室干净。
　　We should keep the classroom clean.
　　9）我们可以请小王帮我们，他好像有好多时间。
　　We can let Xiao Wang help us, because he seems to have a lot of time .
　　It seems that he has a lot of time.
　　8.用本课的动词句型1。
　　2）这本书不是我的，是约翰的。
　　This book isn't mine, but John's
　　5）那似乎是最好的选择。
　　That seems to be the best choice.
　　9.用恰当的介词或副词填空
　　1） Old people like to look （back） while young people always look（ahead）.
　　8） I can tell （from） experience that something is wrong with the happening in the world.
　　10.用下列单词填空，每词限用一次。
　　of by may situation custom comes named use for want
　　He is named John.
　　I have a friend named John.
　　Many Americans（use）informal（非正式的）shorter names instead（of） their formal names. For example, someone（named）Samuel Johnson may be called Sam （by）his friends. Likewise, Richard Brown may ask you to call him Rick；Barbara Stein may（want）to be called Barb or Bads. The family name（comes）second in the U.S. "John Smith's" family name is Smith. In formal（situation ）or when you meet someone（for） the first time, you would want to call him "Mr. Smith". Often, even people you do not know very well（may）want to call you by your first namethis is the（informal）American（custom）. Americans think it is friendlier and more relaxed to use the first name.
　　11.Grammar Exercises
　　（1）从括号内的两个词或词组中选择正确的完成下列句子。
　　3）The committee（have or has） considered your suggestion.
　　4） The committee （are） divided in their opinion.
　　6）（How much）paper do you need?
　　7）Can you lend me （a cup of sugar）？
　　8）Don't take a lot of （baggage） with you on this trip.
　　9） The police （are） investigating this case.
　　10） There （is） enough room for you in the car.
　　11） The Government （are） discussing the plan.
　　12） The Government （does not） encourage this.
　　12.在需要冠词的地方填入恰当的冠词。
　　6）（An）apple a day keeps（a）doctor away.