人教版英语八年级下unit5讲解与练习.doc

培生学堂 八年级下
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
Section A
1. What were people doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm.
1) 本句为过去进行时态，表示在过去某时间某动作正在发生，由“助动词was/were+v.-ing”。
--- What were you doing at nine yesterday morning?
---I was playing in the park.
2) at the time of 在......的时候
What were you doing at the time of the earthquake.

2. My alarm didn’t go off so I _______ up late.
Go off 意为”（闹钟）发出响声
The alarm went off at 6:30.
A car alarm went off in the middle of the night.

3. I ______ to the bus stop but I still missed the bus.
我__________ 到公共汽车候车亭，但我还是没赶上公共汽车。
Hurry up, or you will miss your train.
I got up late so I missed the early bus.
拓展：1） miss 作及物动词，意为“想念、思念”
2）miss 作及物动词，意为“缺课”

4. 。。。When the rainstorm suddenly came, what were you doing?
1) 此处when作从属连词，意为“当。。。时候”， 引导时间状语从句，其谓语动词既可以是非延续性动词，也可以是延续性动词，谓语动词动作发生的时间可以与主句的谓语动词的动作是同时、之前后之后。
My mother was cooking supper when I got home.
She began to play the piano when she was five years old.
2) suddenly 副词，意为“突然，忽然”在句子中多修饰动词或动词，作状语。
I suddenly remembered that I didn’t bring my key.
It all happened so suddenly.

5. I called again at eight and you didn’t answer then either.
此处either 是副词， 意为“也”，只用于否定句。
Either 用于否定句，一般放在句末。I don’t like physics and he doesn’t like it either.
Also一般用于肯定句和疑问句常放在句中。She speaks English and she also writes English.
Too 一般用于肯定句和疑问句，常放在句末。Are you going to work, too?
拓展：either作代词，意为（两者中的）一个。
Here are two books. You can take either of them.

6. Why did you call so many times?
So many 意为“那么多”，修饰复数名词。

7. So while you are sleeping, I called Jenny and she helped me.
此处while 作从属连词，意为“当。。。时候，在。。。期间”，引导时间状语从句，其谓语动词必须为延续性动词。它强调主句的动作在从句动作的过程中发生，或者主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生，且持续时间一般较长。
He fell asleep while he was listening to music.
While “当。时候”，其谓语动词必须为延续性动词，常用于过去进行时中。While we were talking, he came in.
When “当。。。时候”，其谓语可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。The sun was rising when we got to the top of the mountain.
拓展 while 与when 在过去进行时中位置的转换：
While John was playing the piano, Mary left the house.
John was playing the piano when Mary left the house
(2011’山东青岛) Tom rushed into the house ______ his mother was cooking.
A. as B. before C. while D. After

8. With no light outside, it felt like midnight.
此处light 作不可数名词，意为“光、光线”
拓展
1) light 作可数名词，意为“电灯、光源” Don’t cross the road when the traffic lights are red.
2) Light 作形容词，意为“轻的、浅的”
Is the box heavy or light?
I like the light green dress.
3) light （lit/lighted) 作动词，意为“点燃、照亮”
He sat down and lit a cigarette.

9. Ben’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working.
1. Wood 作不可数名词， 意为“木材，木头”, a piece of wood 意为“一块木头”
He put some wood in the fire.
拓展 wood 作可数名词，意为“树林”
She is afraid to walk through the woods at night.
2. Make sure 意为“务必、确保、确认”，后面常接that 从句或of 短语。
Make sure that you put down every word she says.
We must make sure of it.
10. Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.
1) beat (beat, beaten)不及物动词，意为“敲打；（风雨等）冲击；（心脏、脉搏等）跳动
Someone was beating on the door.
拓展beat 作及物动词，意为”打、敲、打败”
Who’s beating the drum?
We beat them by 3:2.
2) against 作介词，此处意为“触、碰、撞、倚、靠”
The rain beat against the car windscreen.
He was throwing a ball against the wall.
拓展 against 作介词，还意为“反对、违反”
They are against the plan.
That is against the law.

11. He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m.
fall asleep 为固定短语，意为“进入梦乡、睡着”
Die down 固定短语，意为“逐渐变弱；逐渐消失”
1) Asleep 作形容词，意为“睡着”，常作表语，无比较级和最高级。He is asleep on the sofa.
2) Sleepy “困倦的、寂静的”I feel sleepy. I’m going to bed.
3) Sleeping “睡着的”，作定语；还可以表示与睡有关的东西，如睡袋：sleeping bag, 卧铺车厢：sleeping car, 安眠药：sleeping pill.

12. When he woke up, the sun was rising.
1）Wake up 意为“醒来；把。。。叫醒”，可以不带宾语，也可以接名词或代词作宾语。
Please wake me up at five o’clock tomorrow morning.
2) Rise (rose, risen) 作不及物动词，意为 “上升、升起”
The river rose yesterday afternoon.
辨析 rise 与raise
Rise “升起；提高；增加”作不及物动词，主语常为物。
Raise “升起；提高；增加”，主语常为人。
The girl raise the box to the truck.

13. Although the storm broke many things apart; it brought families and neighbors closer together.
1) 此处bring (brought, brought) 作使役动词，意为“促使”
They brought things right. 他们使事情正确。

14. But luckily, the river was fine.
Luckily 作副词，意为“幸运地；幸亏”作状语。
拓展1）lucky 作形容词，意为“幸运的；有好运的”
2） luck 作不及物动词，意为“好运；幸运；运气” Good luck to you！

15. The roads were ice because of the heavy snow from the night before.
Icy作形容词，意为“结冰的；冰冷的；冷淡的”
拓展 ice 作不可数名词，意为“冰”
The ice is thick enough to skate on.
英语中，一些与天气有关的名词，加后缀-y 可构成相应的形容词。
Ice—icy; frost—frosty; cloud—cloudy; rain—rainy; snow—snowy; wind—windy; sun—sunny; fog—foggy

Section B
1. On this day, Dr. Martin Luther King was killed.
Was killed 意为“被杀害”，是一般过去时的被动语态。由助动词was\were +过去分词 构成。当句子的主语为动作的承受者或不清楚动作的执行者时，可用被动语态来表示。
The bridge was built last year by workers.

2. My parents did not talk after that, and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence.
1) the rest of 意为“剩余的”
We eat some of the butter and keep the rest of it for breakfast.
Tom is from England and the rest of us are from China.
2) silence 不可数名词，意为“沉默、缄默、无声”，短语 in silence, 意为 “沉默、无声”
拓展 silent 形容词，意为“寂静的、无声的”
He kept silent when he heard the news.

3. I was so scared that i could hardly think clearly think clearly after that.
1) scared 形容词， 意为“害怕的；恐惧的”，常作表语，近义词为“afraid”
She is scared of mice.
2) hardly 副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，表示否定
He hardly does homework.
辨析：
Hardly 副词，意为“几乎不”She was so excited that she could hardly sleep.
Hard 形容词，意为“难的；硬的”；She found it hard to decide.
副词，意为“努力地；猛烈地” We should work hard.
(2013. 山东临沂）David was so excited at the good news that he could ___ say a word.
A nearly B hard C ever D hardly

4. September 11, 2001— the date alone means something to most people in the US.
1）此处alone 作副词，意为“只有；仅仅”常用于名词或代词后
You alone can help me. 只有你才能帮助我。
辨析： alone 与only
Alone “只有；仅仅”常用于被修饰的名词或代词后
Only “只有；仅仅”，要放在所修饰的名词或代词前
2） 此处mean ( meant,meant) 作及物动词，意为“意思是”
This sign means that cars must stop.
What does this word mean?
拓展 meaning 是名词，意为“意思；含义”，既是可数名词，又是不可数名词。
What is the meaning of the life?
The word “mean” has several meanings.

5. I had trouble thinking clearly after that because I was very afraid.
Have trouble (in) doing sth.意为”做某事有困难或麻烦”，类似的词组还有：have problems\difficulty (in）doing sth.
Thousands of people have trouble falling asleep.
He had no trouble finding a job.
（2012. 贵州毕节） —I have _____in learning English and I’m so worried. Could you help me with it?
—Sure, I’d love to.
A joy B interest C trouble D fun

6. But when I pointed it out to my friend, it went away.
1) point out 意为“指出”，人称代词作宾语时应放在动词之后，副词之前。
There is a mistake in this sentence. Can you pint it out?
拓展
①　 point 作不及物动词，意为“指向”，常与介词at,to, towards, 等连用
She pointed at me, laughing.
②　 Points 作可数名词，意为”点；要点”
Let’s discuss the difficult points in the passage.
2） go away 意为“离去”

7. While my brother was laughing, the television news reported that other people had seen the light as well.
1) had seen 为过去完成时，表示在过去的某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，由助动词had+过去分词 构成
I realized that i had left my homework at home.
2) as well 相当一个副词，意为“还，也”， 只用于疑问句或肯定句，常放在句末。
Are they coming as well?
辨析 as well 与as well as
As well副词，意为“还，也”She speaks Japanese as well.
As well as “既。。。又。。。；不仅。。。而且。。。”作并列连词 She grows flowers as well as vegetables.

语法专项
过去进行时
1. 过去进行时的构成及用法
由助动词was\were +v.ing构成，表示过去某一时刻或时间段正在进行的动作。时间状语，如then, at that time, yesterday, at 8:00 yesterday morning, all night以及when\while 从句等
I was reading a bok in the library at that time.
They were having an English class at 9:00 yesterday morning.
He was reading a story-book when the teacher came in.
2. 过去进行时的基本句式
1） 肯定句：主语+was\werev.-ing+其他
I was sleeping at ten o’clock last night.
2） 否定句：主语+wasn’t\weren’t +v.-ing+其他
I wasn’t sleeping at ten o’clock last night.
3) 疑问句：Was\Were +主语+v.-ing+其他？
Were you sleeping at ten o’clock last night?
Yes, I was. \No, I wasn’t.
(2013. 天津) I saw him in the library yesterday. He _____ a book at that moment.
A reads B is reading C was reading D will read

短语归纳
1. Wait for 等候 2. Look for 寻找
3. Go off （闹钟）发出响声 4. Take a shower洗澡；淋浴
5. Pick up 接电话 6. Make sure务必；确保
7. Have fun 玩的开心 8. Fall asleep入睡；睡着
9. Die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 10. Wake up醒来；叫醒
11. In a mess 凌乱不堪；乱七八糟 12. Clean up打扫干净；整理
13. In times of difficulty 在困难时期 14. Take photos拍照
15. Play the piano 弹钢琴 16. Turn on 打开
17. Listen to the radio 听收音机 18. Right away立刻；马上
19 have a look 看 20. Get to到达
21. Because of 因为 22. Make one’s way行走；前进
23. In silence 沉默地；无声地 24. Take down摧毁；拆卸；记下
25. Tell the truth 说实话 26. Point out指出
27. Go away 消失；离开 28. As well也
29. Three times a week 一周三次 30. Call out喊出
用法集萃
1. Be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事
2. See sb. \sth. Doing sth.看见某人某物正在做某事
3. Begin\start to do sth.开始做某事
4. Try to do sth.努力做某事
5. It’s +adj.+to do sth.做某事是。。。的
Have trouble （in）doing sth 做某事有困难

单元练习
一 单项选择
( )1. After my alarm clock every morning , I get up and get dressed .
A turns on B turns off C goes on D goes off
( )2.Thank you very much ,I can’t pass the test your help .
A with B because of C because D without
( )3. — Look! The cat ______ from the tree.
        — Yes. It ______ the tree just now.
     A. is jumping down; climbed up  B. is jumping down; is climbing up
     C. jumps down; was climbing up         D. jumps down; climbed
( )4. What were you doing _______ last Sunday morning?
    A. at B. in C. over D. /
( )5. While I was at the ________, I heard a nurse ________ Davy’s name.
     A. doctors’; call B. doctor’s; to call
     C. doctor’s; calling D. doctors’; called
( )6. The boy with two dogs ________ in the yard when the earthquake hit the city.
     A. is playing B. are playing
     C. were playing D. was playing
( )7. My father was reading a newspaper while my mother ________ dinner.
A. is cooking B. cooks C. was cooking D. will cook
( )8.All the students were sleeping _______they heard a man _______“help
A. when ; shouting B. while; to shout C. when ; to shout D. while; shouted
( )9 The rainstorm came while Ann ________ her purse in the classroom.
A. was looking for B. looked for C. is looking at D. looks at
( )10. .—I went to the moon and took a walk there last night .
A Good luck B Good idea C You’re kidding D Best wish
( )11. “They are filling the bags with clothes.” means they’re ________
A putting their clothes away B. putting their clothes into the bags
C. putting down their clothes D. putting on their clothes
( )12.Mr. Black talked about his son with the teacher the phone.
A. by B. on C. in D. with
( )13 —What are you doing ?
—I am thinking about at the class meeting.
A. how say B. what say C. how to say D. what to say
( )14. —Dad, could you please drive ?
— No hurry. We have enough time before the plane takes off.
A. faster B. fastest C. more slowly D. more carefully
( )15. I tried several jackets on, but ______ of them looked good.
A. both B. either C. none D. neither
( )16. When the man downstairs knocked at the door, I _______.
     A. am doing housework B. was doing housework
     C. were doing housework  D. am going to do housework
( )17. There is a blackboard ________ our classroom. Our teacher was standing ________ the blackboard at this time yesterday.
     A. in front of; in the front of B. in the front of; on
     C. in the front of; in front of D. in front of; in
( )18.It’s five o’clock now . My mother dinner in the kitchen .
A was making B is making C makes D made
( )19.At that time ,they needed some to make a fire .
A light B match C wind D wood
( )20.My father books in the room at this time yesterday .
A was seeing B was reading C is reading D read
( )21.Ben and his friends walked silence .
A home in B to home C to home at D home
( )22.What your parents at this time yesterday ?
A was; doing B did; do C were; doing D are; doing
( )23.What a rain ! It’s raining so .
A heavily ; heavy B heavy ;heavy C heavily ; heavily D heavy ; heavily
( )24.What were you doing the time the storm ?
A at ; of B in ;at C on ;of D at ; in
( )25.My mother was reading while I the bus .
A waited for B waited C am waiting for D was waiting for
( )26.The thieves ran away when the alarm .
A .went off B. came out C. went away D. left out
( )27.The train stopped to the passengers.
A. look up B. catch up C. pick up D. clean up
( )28.The teacher will give us a talk on how English well.
A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. learned
( )29.Pass me the glasses, Tony. I can watch TV clearly .
A .hardly B. really C. rather D. clearly
( )30.The old man left his house a cold winter morning.
A. in B. at C. on D. of
二 根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.We were climbing up the mountain when it began to rain ___________(heavy).
2.Ben didn’t fall asleep until the wind ___________(die down)at around 3:00 a.m.
3.He had a fight with his best friend, and they walked home in__________ (silent).
4.I was too tired and still sleeping when my alarm ___________( go off).
5.Kate didn’t think her friend was telling the ____________(true) about the event
6. (match) should be taken away from babies.
7.It is raining heavy) outside the house.
8.What's happening in Canada recent).
9.People living in the country are very (friend).
10.It was not until the next day that I learned the (true).