专业外语演示文稿.pptx

专业外语第一讲 专业英语的特点第二讲 写作第三讲 翻译技巧第四讲 英译汉第五讲 汉译英第一讲 专业英语的特点1.语法规范,词义较窄As against last year,our cotton output has increased by three times.2.结构严密，长句较多 The reason is that the prices of the taxed The reason is that the prices of the taxed articles are pushed up(we may suppose)by articles are pushed up(we may suppose)by nearly the amount of the duties,and that,nearly the amount of the duties,and that,therefore,unless the aggregate money income of therefore,unless the aggregate money income of the country is reckoned in such a way that it is the country is reckoned in such a way that it is pushed up correspondingly,this aggregate money pushed up correspondingly,this aggregate money income divided by prices,that is to say,the real income divided by prices,that is to say,the real income of the country,would necessarily appear income of the country,would necessarily appear to be diminished by the imposition of these to be diminished by the imposition of these duties even though it were in fact the same as duties even though it were in fact the same as before.before.其原因在于：纳税后的商品价格（我们假定）已上涨了近乎税收的数额，因此，除非该国的总货币收入也按照这种方式计算，即作相应的增加，否则，这种总货币收入除以物价，即该国的实际收入必然由于征收这些税而显得减少，尽管在事实上和以前一样多。被动语态多It is reported that the growth rate of GDP in China reached as high as 10.4%last year.4.动词的非谓语形式广泛使用Grapes are the most important fruit crop accounting for about one quarter of the world.5.名词化结构多The control of inflation helps develop the national economy more healthily.6.术语、缩略语多，复现率低GNP,GDP,PPP,IMF WTO,GATT,APEC第二讲写作一、短文写作二、论文提要、摘要及英文索引三、信函（E-mail）一、短文写作 1.命题作文 （1）经济增长的因素 （2）经济全球化对中国经济的影响 （3）中国经济发展面临的问题2.看图作文Changes in the Food Consumption of a Small Town Changes in the Food Consumption of a Small Town ItemItemYear 2000Year 2000Year 2005Year 2005Grain(ton)Grain(ton)384384288288Meat(kg.)Meat(kg.)32,00032,00096,00096,000Milk(pint)Milk(pint)50,00050,000150,000150,000Fish(kg.)Fish(kg.)5,0005,0006,0006,000Eggs(kg.)Eggs(kg.)12,00012,00060,00060,000Vegetables(ton)Vegetables(ton)600600900900Fruit(ton)Fruit(ton)8 84848Beer(gallon)Beer(gallon)4,0004,00040,00040,000Table This table shows that food consumption of a small town This table shows that food consumption of a small town changed a lot from 2000 to 2005.changed a lot from 2000 to 2005.In the table,grain is the only food which decreased in In the table,grain is the only food which decreased in its consumption.The small town consumed 384 tons of its consumption.The small town consumed 384 tons of grain in 2000,but 288 tons in 2005.It decreased by 25%grain in 2000,but 288 tons in 2005.It decreased by 25%in ten years.in ten years.In contrast,the consumption of many other kinds of In contrast,the consumption of many other kinds of food was on the rise.The town consumed 32000 kilograms food was on the rise.The town consumed 32000 kilograms of meat in 1975 and 96000 kilograms in 2005.Milk of meat in 1975 and 96000 kilograms in 2005.Milk consumption was 50000 pints in 2000 and 150000 pints in consumption was 50000 pints in 2000 and 150000 pints in 2005.Thus,meat and milk consumption tripled in ten 2005.Thus,meat and milk consumption tripled in ten years.Also a rapid growth can be seen in the consumption years.Also a rapid growth can be seen in the consumption of eggs,fruit and beer.The eggs consumed in 2005 was of eggs,fruit and beer.The eggs consumed in 2005 was 60000 kilograms,an increase of fivefold over 2000.The 60000 kilograms,an increase of fivefold over 2000.The consumption of fruit was only 8 tons in 2000,but in 2005 it consumption of fruit was only 8 tons in 2000,but in 2005 it rose to 48 tons,six times that of 2000.As for beer,the rose to 48 tons,six times that of 2000.As for beer,the consumption was raised from 4000 gallons to 40000 consumption was raised from 4000 gallons to 40000 gallons,a tenfold increase.However,the consumption of gallons,a tenfold increase.However,the consumption of both fish and vegetables in 2005 went up moderately.both fish and vegetables in 2005 went up moderately.From these changes we can come to the conclusion that From these changes we can come to the conclusion that the living standard of the small town was greatly raised.the living standard of the small town was greatly raised.People in the town consumed more nutritious food and paid People in the town consumed more nutritious food and paid more attention to nourishment.more attention to nourishment.Pie chart Diagram(Curves)Pie chart According to the pie charts,there have been major According to the pie charts,there have been major changes in the relative size of the major employment changes in the relative size of the major employment sectors in Great Britain over the last 60 years.sectors in Great Britain over the last 60 years.In 1945,25%of people between the ages of 16 and 65 In 1945,25%of people between the ages of 16 and 65 were unemployed.Of those who had a job the largest were unemployed.Of those who had a job the largest percentage(45%)worked in the industrial sector,followed percentage(45%)worked in the industrial sector,followed by those in the service sector(15%)and in agriculture and by those in the service sector(15%)and in agriculture and fishing(12%).Only 3%of the population were employed fishing(12%).Only 3%of the population were employed by the government.by the government.As the diagram indicates,by 2005 major changes had As the diagram indicates,by 2005 major changes had taken place in the internal structure of the workforce taken place in the internal structure of the workforce distribution.The most significant change is the considerable distribution.The most significant change is the considerable drop of the unemployment rate from 25%to 10%.The drop of the unemployment rate from 25%to 10%.The relative size of different occupational sectors had also relative size of different occupational sectors had also changed noticeably.The industrial sector reduced to one changed noticeably.The industrial sector reduced to one third of that in 1945(from 45%to 15%),ranking the third of that in 1945(from 45%to 15%),ranking the second among all the sectors.Similarly agriculture and second among all the sectors.Similarly agriculture and fishing sectors had declined slightly,from 12%to 8%.In fishing sectors had declined slightly,from 12%to 8%.In contrast,the service sector had more than tripled from contrast,the service sector had more than tripled from 15%to 52%,turning out to be the largest employment 15%to 52%,turning out to be the largest employment sector.The rising trend was also true with the government sector.The rising trend was also true with the government employmentwhich had boomed fivefold by 2005.employment,which had boomed fivefold by 2005.3.议论文（）Damage to the environment is an inevitable consequence of the improvement in the standard of living.Discuss.Recently,in some developing countries,environmental Recently,in some developing countries,environmental disasters have become the by-products of the economic disasters have become the by-products of the economic development.Therefore,some people say that damages to development.Therefore,some people say that damages to the environment is as unavoidable consequence of the the environment is as unavoidable consequence of the improvement in peopleimprovement in people s living standard.Personally,I do s living standard.Personally,I do not agree with the opinion.not agree with the opinion.In Western history,economic development indeed In Western history,economic development indeed caused a variety of environmental problems,such as air caused a variety of environmental problems,such as air and water pollution,the desertification of arable land,and and water pollution,the desertification of arable land,and the disappearance of forests.the disappearance of forests.Not until the 1970s did Western people as a whole Not until the 1970s did Western people as a whole realize the importance of environmental conservation.As is realize the importance of environmental conservation.As is accepted by many people,developing economy does not accepted by many people,developing economy does not mean sacrificing the environment.mean sacrificing the environment.Therefore,there should be a new definition for living Therefore,there should be a new definition for living standard,which lays more emphasis on the quality rather standard,which lays more emphasis on the quality rather than on the quantity of life.In order to improve peoplethan on the quantity of life.In order to improve people s s real living standard,we should try our best to avoid any real living standard,we should try our best to avoid any forms of damage to the environment.forms of damage to the environment.(2)The idea of going overseas for (2)The idea of going overseas for university study is an exciting prospect for university study is an exciting prospect for many people.But while it may offer some many people.But while it may offer some advantages,it is probably better to stay advantages,it is probably better to stay home because of the difficulties a student home because of the difficulties a student inevitably encounters living and studying inevitably encounters living and studying in a different culture.in a different culture.To what extent do you agree or To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?disagree with this statement?n nThere is no doubt that studying in a foreign There is no doubt that studying in a foreign country,with its different language and culture,country,with its different language and culture,can be a frustrating and sometimes painful can be a frustrating and sometimes painful experience.However,although overseas study experience.However,although overseas study has its drawbacks,the difficulties are far has its drawbacks,the difficulties are far outweighted by the advantages.outweighted by the advantages.n nFirst of all,The most obvious advantage to First of all,The most obvious advantage to overseas university study is real-life use of a overseas university study is real-life use of a different language.different language.n nMoreover,on a university campus,the foreign Moreover,on a university campus,the foreign student is not alone.student is not alone.n nFinally,living and studying abroad offers one a Finally,living and studying abroad offers one a new and different perspective of the world.new and different perspective of the world.n nIn conclusion,while any anxiety about going In conclusion,while any anxiety about going overseas for university study is certainly overseas for university study is certainly understandable,it is important to remember that understandable,it is important to remember that the benefits offered by the experience make it the benefits offered by the experience make it well worthwhile.well worthwhile.(3)Some people think that animals should be treated as friends.Yet others only consider animals as sources of food and clothing.What is your opinion?n nIt is a sad fact that quite a few people treat It is a sad fact that quite a few people treat animals as sources of food and clothing and the animals as sources of food and clothing and the frightful slaughter of them is going on all over the frightful slaughter of them is going on all over the world everyday.I think that for their own world everyday.I think that for their own existence human beings should protect animals existence human beings should protect animals as their friends.as their friends.n nFirstly,the majority of animals have long been Firstly,the majority of animals have long been loyal friends of human beings.For instance,loyal friends of human beings.For instance,n nSecondly,animals contribute a lot to the balance Secondly,animals contribute a lot to the balance of ecological system where human beings live.As of ecological system where human beings live.As is known to all,is known to all,n nAll in all,it is my firm belief that we should be All in all,it is my firm belief that we should be kind to animals and try our utmost to find more kind to animals and try our utmost to find more alternatives for animal meat in our diet with the alternatives for animal meat in our diet with the help of modern technologies.Only in this way can help of modern technologies.Only in this way can the balance of ecological system be maintained the balance of ecological system be maintained and the development of human kind be and the development of human kind be sustained.sustained.二、论文提要、摘要及英文索引三、信函 1.1.简历2.2.E-mailZHAO QIANGZHAO QIANGSchool of Economics,School of Economics,Renmin University of ChinaRenmin University of ChinaBeijing,100872Beijing,100872Tel:Tel:[phone]+86-10-62511102E-mail:E-mail:Name:Name:ZHAO Qiang ZHAO Qiang SexSex:Male :Male Birth DateBirth Date:December 8,1976 :December 8,1976 Professional titleProfessional title:Professor in Economics Professor in Economics InstitutionInstitution:School of Economics,Renmin University of China:School of Economics,Renmin University of China RESEARCH INTERESTSRESEARCH INTERESTS World Economy World EconomyEDUCATION AND QUALIFICATIONSEDUCATION AND QUALIFICATIONS Ph.D.in World Economy,October 2002 Ph.D.in World Economy,October 2002 Renmin University of China Renmin University of China M.A.in Economics,October 1999 M.A.in Economics,October 1999 Renmin University of China Renmin University of China B.A.in Economics,July 1996 B.A.in Economics,July 1996 Renmin University of China Renmin University of ChinaEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT PUBLICATIONSPUBLICATIONS SKILLS SKILLS English:fluent English:fluent 第三讲翻译技巧一、翻译的标准一、翻译的标准二、词义选择二、词义选择三、省译与增译三、省译与增译四、转换法四、转换法五、被动语态的处理五、被动语态的处理六、数量的翻译六、数量的翻译七、否定形式的译法七、否定形式的译法八、标题的翻译八、标题的翻译九、长句的翻译九、长句的翻译一、翻译的标准1.信、达、雅 2.直译、意译与综合译二、词义选择1.根据上下文选择词义He is working in the fields.He is working a machine.2.根据词类选择词义The wheel turns round.It is long and round3.根据不同的学科选择词义 Field三、省译与增译.简省译法The worlds production of pear is about a third of the worlds apple production.2.增补译法 China and Japan are responsible for improving their economic cooperation.四、转换法1.1.词性的转换词性的转换The introduction of advanced technology greatly increased The introduction of advanced technology greatly increased the productivity.the productivity.2.2.句子成分的转换句子成分的转换 Throughout the world,grain consumption is slightly Throughout the world,grain consumption is slightly decreasing.decreasing.3.3.句子种类的转换句子种类的转换 Interest rate is known to be one of the most important Interest rate is known to be one of the most important economic levelseconomic levels4.4.词序、语序的转换词序、语序的转换 China proves rich in coal.China proves rich in coal.5.5.标点符号的转换标点符号的转换 China is a vast country with great variation in natural China is a vast country with great variation in natural conditions.conditions.五、被动语态的处理1.1.被动照译被动照译 The economic growth rate of one country is The economic growth rate of one country is generally influenced by many factors.generally influenced by many factors.2.2.被动译主动被动译主动 The machine is being repaired.The machine is being repaired.3.3.译成汉语无主句译成汉语无主句 The inflation can be controlled by pr