高中状语从句讲解和练习题.doc

. . 高中状语从句讲解+练习 状语通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如： 1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词)2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语) 3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式) 4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词) 5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句） 状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下: 1 时间状语从句 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, the instant, immediately , directly, every time, the day， no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when （1）Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives. 他一到就告诉他我要见他。 （2）The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard. The moment he saw me, he ran away. 他一看见我，就跑了。 He said hed call you the moment he got home. 他说他一到家就给你打电话 （3）The instant I saw him, I knew he was the man from the restaurant. （4）Immediately you begin to speak, he gives you his full attention.你只要一开始说话，他就全神贯注地听。 （5）My sister came directly she got my message. 我妹妹一收到我的信息就来了。 （6）Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. （7）no sooner. than. ，一.就. ，引导时间状语从句,主句用过去完成时,than后面的从句用一般过去时.(从这里可以知道,no sooner后面是主句;than后面是从句) 例: I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain. 我一到家天就下起雨来 No sooner .than.常放在句首,表示强调.这时主句要倒装. 例:No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. （8）He had hardly sat down when the telephone rang.他刚坐下电话就响了。 He had scarcely sat down when there was a knock at the door. 他刚坐下就有人敲门 另外，如果把hardly放于句首，主句要用倒装结构。如： Hardly had I finished eating when he came in. 我刚吃完他就进来了。 2 地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere （1）Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. （2）She was standing exactly where you are standing now那时他就站在你现在站的地方（3）Stay where you are.呆在原地别动。 （4）Wherever you go, you should work hard. Sit anywhere you like 随便坐吧 3 原因状语从句常用引导词：because, since, as, 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that（考虑到，鉴于）, for the reason that（1） My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful. （2）I wont stay long, seeing that/ seeing as you are busy我不会久呆，看你很忙 （3）Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference. （4）I have been lucky in that I have never had to worry about money我很幸运，从来不必为钱发愁。 （5） I think we paid too much money for the house, considering that we needed to get the roof repaired. 考虑到我们得修屋顶，我认为我们的房子买贵了 4 目的状语从句 常用引导词：so that, in order that 特殊引导词：（just） in case以防万一，for the purpose that, （1）Take an umbrella, in case it rains.带把伞吧，以防下雨。 （2）The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. 5 结果状语从句 常用引导词：so that, so that, such that, 特殊引导词：such that （1） He got up so early that he caught the first bus. （2） Its such a good chance that we must not miss it. 6 条件状语从句 常用引导词：if, unless, 特殊引导词：as/so long as只要, only if只有, providing/providing that/provided that（只要）, suppose that, in case (美)如果, on condition that（条件是） （1）Well start our project if the president agrees. What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? （2）Dont leave the building unless I tell you to. （3）You can go out to play as long as you stay in the backyard.只要不出后院，你可以出去玩（4）You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. （5）I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. 我告诉他，只有努力才能成功。 （6）You can borrow the car , providing I can have it back by six oclock. 你可以借用我的车，只要六点钟以前还给我就行。 （7）He can come with us , provided he pays for his own meals. （8）In case I am late, start without me.如果我来晚了，你们就别等我先开始吧。 7 让步状语从句 常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though 特殊引导词： as尽管，虽然(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )=although，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever, whetheror（不管还是） （1）While there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought he was guilty. 虽然没有确凿的证据，大多数人还是认为他有罪。 （2）Kelly loved her husband in spite of the fact that he drank too much. 虽然丈夫喝酒很凶，kelly仍然爱着他。 （3）The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. （4）No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. （5）He wont listen whatever you may say.（6）Whether you like the job or not , you have to do it right now. 不管你是否喜欢这个工作，你现在都要去做它 although 引导正常语序的让步状语从句，though既可以引导正常语序的让步状语从句，也可以引导倒装语序的让步状语从句，as引导倒装语序的让步装语丛句。 一、名词 + as / though + 主语 + 其他 King as he was，he was unhappy. 他虽是国王，但他并不幸福。 Child as he is，he knows to help other. 他虽是个孩子，却知道帮助别人。 【说明】1、其中的动词通常为连系动词， 也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。2、如果单数名词作表语，把它提到句首时，其前不用冠词。即使其前有形容词修饰习惯上也不用冠词。 Boy as though he is， he likes to play with girls. =Though he is a boy， he likes to play with girls. 他虽是男孩， 却喜欢与女孩子玩。 二、形容词 + as / though + 主语 + 其他 Successful as he is，he is not proud. 他虽然成功，但不骄傲。 Stupid as it sounds，I was so in love with her that I believed her. 尽管听起来很愚蠢， 我是如此爱她竟然相信了她的话。 Patient as he was，he didnt like waiting that long. 他虽说有耐心，也不愿等这么长。 Beautiful though the necklace was，we thought it was over-priced. 那条项链虽然很 漂亮，我们认为价钱太高。 【说明】 其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语 三、副词 + as / though + 主语 + 其他 Hard though they tried，they couldnt make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很 大努力，却没法让她改变主意。 Fast as you read， you cant finish the book in two days. 尽管你读得很快，你总不能在两天之内就读完这本书。 【说明】有的词典将 much as 作为习语看待，认为它是一个用以引导让步状语从 句的复合连词。 Much as I admire him as a writer，I do not like him as a man. 他作为一名作家我很佩服他，但我却不喜欢他这个人。 Much as I like you，I couldnt live with you. 我尽管很喜欢你， 却不能和你在一起生 活。 四、动词原形 + as / though + 主语 + 其他 Object as you may，Ill go.纵使你反对， 我也要去。 Try as he might，he couldnt solve the problem. 尽管他想方设法， 却未解决这个问 题。 Dislike him as we may ， we must acknowledge his greatness. 尽管我们不喜欢他，但必须承认他的伟大。 Lose money as I did，we got a lot of experience. 钱虽然丢了， 我们却得到了许多 经验。 Fail in the election as he did，he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery.尽管落选了，但他却以其反对奴隶制的激烈/充满激情的演说而出了名。 【说明】主语后的动词通常为 may， might，would，did 等情态动词或助动词 五、分词 + as / though + 主语 + 其他 Raining hard as it is， Im going out for a walk. 虽然正在下着大雨，我还是要出去 散步。 Surrounded as we were by the enemy， we managed to march forward. 虽然我们被 敌人包围着，但我们还是设法前进了。 Munching the apple as he was，he had got an eye for all John movements. 他尽管在一个劲地嚼着苹果， 但仍警惕着约翰的一 举一动。 【三条补充说明】 1. 上面提到的倒装结构有时也可用来 表示原因，区别的办法主要看句子的内容： 让步从句的内容大多数与主句在意义上相反，而原因从句则与主句之间有因果关系。 比较： Tired as he was，he sat up late studying at night.昨晚他虽然很疲倦了，但还是学习到很晚才睡(表让步) Tired as he was，he went to bed early. 因为很累，所以他睡得很早。(表原因) Young as he was，he was equal to the task. 他虽年轻，却能胜任这项工作。(表让步) Young as he was， was not equal to the he task. 他因为年轻，所以不能胜任这项工作。 (表原因) 2 在美国英语中，人们通常用 as.as 引导让步状语从句。 Cold as it was， we went out.=As cold as it was， we went out. 尽管天气冷，我们还是出去了。 Successful as he is， he is not proud.=As successful as he is， he is not proud. 他虽成功了，但不骄傲。 8 比较状语从句 常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较) （比较状语从句通常由asas, 比较级 + than等连词引导。） 特殊引导词：the more the more ; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as B She is as bad-tempered as her mother. The house is three times as big as ours. The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。 more . than . 引导比较状语从句表示“比多；比更加或与其说倒不如说”的意思。例如： Many companies use computers more than they used to.许多公司比过去更多地使用电脑。 In some places bottled water costs more than a glass of beer.在有些地方瓶装水比一杯啤酒还贵。 Dont be too hard on him. Hes more cheated than stupid.别对他太苟刻了，与其说他愚蠢倒不如说他被欺骗了。 考题： Did you take enough money with you? No, I needed _ I thought I would. （2006全国卷）A. not so much as B. as much as C. much more than D. much less than 解析： C。本题考查比较级，因为前面有no提示，故应使用much more than结构，意为“比多得多”。 no more.than从结构上来看有个变体形式是“not . any more than”，表达的意思是“同一样不”，表达的是类比关系； 句子在翻译时有两种方式： 先译主句后译than引导的从句，“不能”，就如than从句中的“不能一样”； 或者先译than引导的从句后译主句“正如than从句中的不能”，所以，“同样不能”。需要注意的是than后面的句子为肯定形式，但要翻译成否定的意思。例如： The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.心脏和胃一样都不具有智慧，因为他们都要受大脑控制。 Jack is no more diligent than John. 杰克不勤奋，约翰也不勤奋。 注意如下区别： not more . than . 表“不如；没有到的程度”（前者不如后者）。是more.than.的否定形式。例如： Jack is not more diligent than John.杰克不如约翰勤奋。 He is no more fit to be a teacher than I am. 9 方式状语从句 常用引导词：as, as if, as though 特殊引导词：the way When in Rome, do as the Roman do. She behaved as if she were the boss. Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. 状语从句的简化 1、 状语从句同时具备下列两个条件: 主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如： When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year . Hell go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible. 2、另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如： Im taller than he (is tall ). The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ). 3、就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行简化。状语从句的简化现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。 状语从句的简化现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中: 由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句; 由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句; 由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句; 由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。 (1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。例如: If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。 You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。 (2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。 When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year . 常用于以下几种情形: 1. 连词+形容词 When (they are ) ripe, the grapes will be delicious. 当葡萄成熟之后，就会很好吃。 As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。 Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。 Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。 2.连词+名词 While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐于助人。 Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了。 3连词+副词 Once (you are) inside, begin to work.一进去，就开始工作。 She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。 He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了。 4、连词+介词短语 When （you are） in doubt(不肯定) , please consult a dictionary(查字典). 5. 连词+现在分词 As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song. 她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。 Look out for cars when (you are )crossing the street. 过马路时要小心车。 6.连词+过去分词 Dont come in until (you are ) asked to. 不叫你请不要进来。 He wont go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。 7.连词+不定式 He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。 He cleared his throat as if (he wanted) to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。 He wouldnt solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge. 即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。 注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如: When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。(=The meeting over, )状语从句练习题（答案本期找） 1.Ill let you know _ he comes back. A. before B. because C. as soon as D. although 2. She will sing a song _ she is asked. A. if B. unless C. for D. since 3. We will work _ we are needed. A. whenever B. because C. since D. wherever 4. Read it aloud _ the class can hear you. A. so that B. if C. when D. although 5._ you go, dont forget your people. A. Whenever B. However C. Wherever D. Whichever 6. It is about ten years _ I met you last. A. since B. for C. when D. as 7. They will never succeed, _ hard they try. A. because B. however C. when D. since 8. _ still half drunk, he made his way home. A. When B. Because C. Though D. As 9. _ she was very tired, she went on working. A. As B. Although C. Even D. In spite of 10. Busy _ he was, he tried his best to help you. A. as B. when C. since D. for 11. I learned a little Russian _ I was at middle school. A. though B. although C. as if D. when 12. _ we got to the station, the train had left already. A. If B. Unless C. Since D. When 13. _ the rain stops, we 11 set off for the station. A. Before B. Unless C. As soon as D. Though 14. She was _ tired _ she could not move an inch. A. so, that B. such, that C. very, that D. so, as 15. We didnt go home _ we finished the work. A. since B. until C. because D. though 16. Ill stay here _ everyone else comes back. A. even if B. as though C. because D. until 17. Although its raining, _ are still working in the field. A. they B. but they C. and they D. so they 18. Speak to him slowly _ he may understand you better. A. since B. so that C. for D. because 19. Youll miss the train _ you hurry up. A. unless B. as C. if D. until 20. When you read the book, you d better make a mark _ you have any questions. A. at which B. at where C. the place D. where21. Wed better hurry _ it is getting dark. A. and B. but C. as D. unless 22. I didn t manage to do it _ you had explained how.A. until B. unless C. when D. before 23._ he comes, we wont be able to go.A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even 24. I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless 25. _ I catch a cold, I have pain in my back. A. Every time B. Though C. Even D. Where 26. Whats the matter _ they still havent answered the telegram? A. when B. that C. though D. however 27. Bring it nearer _ I may see it better. A. although B. even though C. so that D. since 28. You may arrive in Beijing early _ you mind taking the night train. A. that B. though C. unless D. if 29. Helen listened carefully _ she might discover exactly what she needed.A. in that B. in order that C. in case D. even though 30. More people will eat out in restaurants _ they do today. A. than B. when C. while D. as 31._ hard she tries, she can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework. A. Much B. However C. As D. Although 32. Poor _ it may be, there is no place like home, _ you may go. A. as; wherever B. though; whenever C. in spite of; when D. that; wherever 33. The child was _ immediately after supper. A. enough tired to go to bed B. too tired to go to bed C.