八年级下Unit7单元知识点归纳.doc

Unit7 whats the highest mountain in the world?Section A一、重点词组、短语1.9,600,000 square kilometers in size 9,600,000平方公里2.1,025meters deep 1,025米深3.6,671 kilometers long 6,671千米长4.8,844,43 meters high 8,844,43米高5.has the biggest population 人口最多6.as far as 与一样远 7. one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一8. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事 9.anything on todays Great Wall tour 关于今天长城之行的任何情况10.ancient emperors 古代的皇帝11.build the wall 修墙12.protect China 保卫中国13.as you can see 如你所见14. as far as I know 据我所知 15.as far as I can remember/ see 据我所记得/依我所见16. man-made objects 人造物体 17.Paragraph 1 段落118.the southwestern part of China 中国的西南部分19.thick clouds 厚厚的云层20.fall very hard 下得很大21.freezing weather conditions 冻冰的天气条件22. part of. . 的组成部分 23. the highest mountain 最高的山脉 24. in the world 在世界上 25. any other mountain 其他任何一座山 26. of all the salt lakes 在所有的咸水湖中 27. run along 跨越 28. take in air 呼吸空气 29.cover the top 覆盖住顶部30.get near the top 靠近顶部31.reach the top 到达顶部32.risk their lives 冒着他们的生命危险33. the first woman to succeed. 第一个做某事的人34. in the face of difficulties 面临危险 35. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事36. achieve ones dream = ones dream come true实现某人的梦想 37.the spirit of the climber攀登者的精神38.serious mountain climbers 认真的登山者39. reach the top 到达顶峰 40. even though= even if 虽然;尽管二重点单词1.population n. 人口（1）问人口和叙述人口Whats the population of?Its /The population of国家/城市 isWhats the population of Singapore?The population of Singapore is 4,000,000.（2）人口的比较：The population of China is larger/ bigger than that of Japan.= The population of Japan is smaller than that of China.=China has the larger population than Japan.2. protect vt.保护，防护protect sb./sth. from 保护某人/某物使其不受.Wearing dark glasses can protect your eyes from the sun.戴墨镜能避免你的眼睛受到太阳光的伤害。3.be famous for 因而著名 指由于某个与众不同的特征而出名Hangzhou is famous for its beautiful scenery.杭州以它美丽的风景而著名。be famous as 作为而著名 指作为某种身份而为众人所知Sun Yang is famous as a swimmer.孙杨作为一名游泳运动员而出名。4.include v. 包含；包括The price includes both your shirt and your trousers.这个价格包含了你的衬衫和裤子。 including prep. 包括Many middle school students like reading Harry Potter, including me.许多中学生喜欢读哈利.波特，包括我在内。5. succeed v. 成功（1）succeed (in) doing sth. 成功做成某事He didnt succeed in passing the test.（2）n. success Confidence is the key to success. 信心是成功的关键。(3) adj. successful Everyone wants to be successful. 每个人都想成功。6. the forces of nature 自然界的力量 译为“影响力”，是可数名词。一般来说，force 是不可数名词“力气；力量”force v. “强迫” force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事Dont force the kid to what he dislikes.nature 不可数名词，“自然界；大自然”by nature 生性；生来就He is strong by nature. 他本性刚强。natural adj. 自然的三、重点句型 1. It is -adj. + (for sb. ) to do sth. It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. 当你接近山顶时，连呼吸都会困难。2. . . . is because. One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 其中的一个主要的原因是人们想要在面临困难时挑战自己。3. . . . show(s) that. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 这些登山者的精神向我们证明：我们永远都不应 该放弃实现自己的梦想。 4.（1） How high / deep / long / wide / tall/ . . . +is+主语 ? （2）Its +数量+ high / deep / long / wide / tall.Qomolangma is 8,844,43 meters high.How high is Qomolangma? 珠穆朗玛峰有多高？How big is the Sahara?- Its about 8,000,000 square kilometers in size. (3) 数词-名词-形容词 作定语This room is 8 meters wide.= this is an 8-meter-wide room.5. Although. Although Japan is older than Canada，it is much smaller. 虽然日本比加拿大有更悠久的历史，但是日本比加拿大小多了。三语法句型 原级： A = B. 用“A + 谓语 + as + 原级 + as + B” A B.用“A + 谓语 + not as (so) + 原级 + as + B”比较级： A + 谓语 + 形副比较级 + than + B. 最高级： 主语 + 谓语 + the + 形副最高级+ 比较范围（of + 人物，in +地方）形容词和副词比较级和最高级一 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则：1一般情况加-er, -esttalltallertallest greatgreatergreatest2以不发音e结尾的单音节词加-r， -stlargelargerlargest nicenicernicest3在重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）中， 先双写末尾的辅音字母 再加-er, -estbigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottest4以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i再加-er, -esteasyeasiereasiest heavyheavierheaviest 5其他双音节词（副词）和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加mostbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautifuldifferentmore differentmost different easilymore easilymost easilyfriendlymore friendly; commonmore common; helpfulmore helpful，more careful, more nervous, more relaxed, more normal，modern- more modernunhappymore unhappy, lucky-luckierunluckymore unlucky注：最高级前要加the ,不加表示“非常”，a most important meeting 副词的比较级和最高级1大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和most 来构成比较级和最高级。 2少数单音节副词，加er,est 构成其比较级和最高级 。几个特殊的形容词和副词原级比较级 最高级good ,wellbetterbestbad, ill, badlyworseworstmany ,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther距离, further程度farthest, further(提高进一步)oldOlder时间, elder顺序oldest, eldest二、形容词、副词的比较级的用法名称结构可放在前的修饰词例句一、原级的用法1“甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, rather, very, half , twice,three times , a third, so，tooTom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。2“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。3“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙This room is not as/so big as that one.这个房间不如那个大。4甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙He doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。名称结构可放在前的修饰词例句二、比较级的用法1甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙几倍”a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , far, Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。2“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙几倍”I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。3“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”，含义是“甲最”。注意：The Yangtze Riveris longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。4“甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”，含义是“甲最”。Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class. 注意：Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Toms class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)5“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+”表示“甲是两者中较的”Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the two. 6“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。He is getting taller and taller. 7“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少8“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，甲or乙？”Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？ “特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级，甲or乙？”Who draws better，Jenny or Danny？谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？Section B一、重点词组、短语1.10 kilos of food10公斤的食物2.weigh many times more 重许多倍3.weigh much more/ less 重得多得多/少得多4.eat much more/ less吃得多得多/少得多5.stand on two legs 两条腿站立6.150cm tall 150厘米高7.live up to 活到8.an adult panda 成年熊9.a baby panda 小熊10. be awake 醒着 11. run over with excitement 兴奋地跑过去（还有“压过去；碾过”的意思）12. walk into sb. 撞到某人 13. fall over 摔倒 强调向前摔倒fall down 倒下 强调滑到fall off 跌落 强调从某处跌落；从某处掉下来。14. take care of 照顾;照料 15.die from illness 死于疾病16.less bamboo 更少的竹子17.live in the remaining forests 居住在剩余的森林18.another 200 另外200 19. every two years 每两年20. cut down the forests 砍伐林木21. endangered animals 濒危动物 22. be in danger 处于危险之中 23. the importance of saving these animals 拯救这些动物的重要性24.make artwork about pandas and other wild animals 制作关于熊猫和其他野生动物的插图25.fewer and fewer pandas 越来越少的熊猫26.catch whales for meat, fat and oil 扑捉鲸鱼取其肉，脂肪和油27.jump high out of the water高高的从水中跃出28.stop putting rubbish into the sea 停止向海里倒垃圾29.another interesting fact 另外一个有趣的事实二考点单词或短语1.weigh v.有重， weight n. 重量The box weighs 20kg. weigh 是连系动词，20kg是表语=The box is 20kg in weight.=The box is 20kg heavy.2. at birth 在出生的时候 The baby weighed three kilos at birth.那个婴儿出生时的体重为三公斤。give birth to sb./ sth. 生孩子；产仔Mary gave birth to a healthy girl.3.research n.“调查；研究”research v.into研究He is researching into the causes of H9N9.他正在研究H9N9的起因。4. preparefor为准备I will prepare some food for you.prepare to do sth.准备做某事Theyre busy preparing to go on vacation.prepare for sth.为某事做准备The students are busy preparing for the exam.5.awake adj.醒着的（1）作表语对应词asleepThey arent awake yet.The noise was keeping everyone awake.(2)作定语，放在被修饰的词之后，即后置定语He was the only person awake at the moment. 他是那时唯一醒着的人。wake v.wokewoken 醒来wake up 把弄醒please wake me up at 6:006.exciement 不可数名词， 激动；兴奋 he ran over with excitement.excited/exciting adj. 激动的；令人兴奋的 he told me an exciting story./ we all excited about the good news.excite v. 兴奋 the news excited everyone.7.die from+外因死于事故等外因The old man died from a car accident.die of+内因.死于疾病.衰老等自身的内因The man died of sadness.dead adj. 死的 death n. 死；死亡8. remain v.(1) 连系动词 指某人或某物仍保持某种状态，“仍然；依旧”，“留；呆；住；待”+ n./pron./adj./介词短语/分词作表语。Peter became a manager, but Jack remained a worker. (接名词作表语) Whatever achievements you have made, you should remain modest.(接形容词作表语)无论你取得多么大的成就，你都应该保持谦虚。He had to remain in hospital until he was better.(接介词短语作表语)他不得不一直住院直到身体好些。The guess came in, but she remained sitting at the desk reading.(接现在分词作表语，表示正在进行的主动动作；) 客人们都来了，但她还坐着在写字台旁读书。As before, he remained unmoved.(接过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态或已经发生的被动动作；)他和以往一样无动于衷。（2）用作不及物动词，意识是“剩下；剩余；遗留”。此时不能用进行时态，也没有被动语态。After the fire, very little remained of his house. 火灾过后，他家所剩无几。(3)指某事“尚待，有待于以后被处置”，后面常接不定式的被动形式，表示主语是不定式的承受着。Many problems remain to be solved. 有好多问题尚待解决。It remains to be seen whether you are right. 你是否正确，以后见分晓。（4）remaining adj.“剩余的”，常作前置定语；而left则只能作后置定语。There are still some apples left.还剩余一些苹果。I bought a gift for her with the remaining money.我用剩余的钱给她买了一件礼物。9. huge adj. 大的；极多的The elephant is a huge animal.大象是体型庞大的动物。huge强调尺寸、体积和数量的巨大，指体积时，比large所指的体积大，但不强调规模大He lived in huge house.big大的；反义small，与large 一样都指具体事物或人，常指程度、范围或规模大。China is a big country.large大的；反义small，多指面积或范围大，可表示数和量China is a large country.三、重点句型 1.The Chinese government is also planting more bamboo trees so there will be more forests for pandas to live in.中国政府也在种更多的竹子，所以将有更多得森林供熊猫居住。to do 作后置定语（不及物动词要用上相应的介词）I have a letter to write. 我有一封信要写。I have a pen to write with. 我有一支可以写的钢笔。2.Teaching children is one way to help save pandas. 教育孩子是一个帮助拯救熊猫的一个方法。V-ing 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Looking after the baby is not an easy thing. 照看婴儿不是一件容易的事。3.We all hope that in the future there will be a lot more pandas than now.我们希望未来就有比如今多得多的熊猫。（1）a lot / much/ a little修饰形容词或副词的比较级Chongqing is much hotter than Beijing.重庆比北京热得多。Im a little heavier than you.我比你重一点。(2) less构成比较级 表示不太（3） less+ adj. than 不如= not as/ so.as.Today is less cold than yesterday. 今天不如昨天冷。(4) less than= under 不及There are less than forty people in our class.我们班不及40个人。(5) much more 多得多；much less 少得多Though you have much less money than him, you have much more free time.尽管你的钱比他少得多，但是你的自由时间比他多得多。