华中科技大学春季博士研究生英语入学考试试题一.doc

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年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题(1)
I. Cloze (0.5x20=10%)
Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your
answers on the answer sheet.
Although most people return from package holidays reasonably satisfied, this is not always the (1)___. Take,
for instance, the nightmare experience of a Frenchman who went on a (2) ___ to Colombia. The hotel in the
small Caribbean port was overbooked. The holidaymaker was (3) ___ round the streets, looking for a (4) ___ and
breakfast place, when he was arrested for vagrancy. He was (5) ___, where he told the magistrate that it was the
hotel's (6) ___. The magistrate was the hotel-owner's brother, and he charged the tourist (7) ___ making false
accusations and sent him to prison for eight had left. He had insufficient funds to buy a return ticket, (9) ___ he
went to the Post Office to send a telegram to his home in Montpellier, asking for money. He was (10) ___ before
he could send it. This time he was charged with legal (11) ___. It was explained that, having missed his return (12)
___, he could no longer be classified as a tourist. He now needed a work (13) ___, he didn't have one. He was
fined $500 for this (14) ___, and a further $500 when he again blamed the hotel for overbooking. His (15) ___
was confiscated because he couldn't pay the fines. He hitch-hiked to Bogota (16) the consulate finally arranged to
send him home.
All things (17) ___, I would prefer to plan my holiday independently. (18) ___ my view, it's safer to "do it
yourself!" And the advantages of planning your holiday yourself are (19) ___. If it is well-planned, an
independent holiday can usually be good (20) ___ for money.
1. A. occurrence B. situation C. state D. case
2. A. package B. holiday C. festival D. celebration
3. A. strolling B. sauntering C. wandering D. patrolling
4. A. accommodation B. hotel C. bed D. lodging
5. A. taken to court B. brought to the police station
C. taken to the reform school D. sent to prison
6. A. fault B. blame C. duty D. responsibility
7. A. of B. with C. for D. to
8. A. freedom B. discharge C. release D. liberty
9. A. and B. though C. but D. so
10. A. fined B. re-arrested C. arrested D. punished
11. A. citizenship B. naturalization C. migration D. immigration
12. A. trip B. ticket C. flight D. journey
13. A. license B. allowance C. permission D. permit
14. A. crime B. offence C. fault D. error
15. A. luggage B. belonging C. thing D. luggages
16. A. when B. after C. where D. while
17. A. considered B. being considered C. were considered D. considering
18. A. To B. In C. By D. With
19. A. considerable B. thinkable C. considerate D. imaginable
20. A. bargain B. buy C. sale D. value
II. Reading comprehension (20x2=40%)
Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions. You are to
choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet.
Passage one
An anesthetic is anything that produces a temporary loss of feeling in all or part of the body. Anesthetics are
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given to those about to undergo surgery or other painful medical procedures so that they will feel no pain. This
also helps the doctors do their job. The patient remains still during the operation.
Imagine the horror of having to go through an operation wide awake, with nothing to stop the pain! This is
what faced people before the discovery of modern anesthetics in the nineteenth century. Until then doctors and
others had tried to anesthetize patients by every means from drugging them or making them drunk to hitting
them on the head. Then in the 1940s two American doctors, Crawford Long and William Morton, proved that
patients who breathed a certain amount of a gas called ether would remain unconscious, unmoving, and
unfeeling for the length of an operation. They would not be subject to agony.
Today medical specialists called anesthesiologists employ gases such as nitrous oxide ("laughing gas"), or
injected drugs. Sometimes both are administered. These anesthetics keep patients unconscious for the many
hours some complex operations require. For major operations, a general anesthetic is usual. The patient is given
a gas or drug that is absorbed by the blood, which then circulates it to the nervous system. As the anesthetic
numbs the central nervous system, the body of the person undergoing surgery relaxes and ceases to feel.
Some operations, however, require only a local anesthetic. This consists of a drug injected into the area to
be operated on, to deaden the local nerves. Only that particular part of the body is affected. If your dentist has
ever given you novocaine before pulling or filling a tooth, you have experienced local anesthesia.
A third type of anesthetic is the spinal. An injection of a drug into the spinal cord, which runs along the
backbone, completely desensitizes nerves and relaxes muscles in all parts of the body below the point of
injection. The patient doesn't feel anything. He or she is spared severe pain.
21. The main purpose of anesthetics is to ___.
A. help people stop thinking during an operation
B. produce a loss of feeling in all or part of the body
C. undergo surgery or other painful medical procedures
D. remain still during the operation
22. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.
A. people in the past did nothing to stop the pain during the operation
B. drunken people didn't feel pain at all
C. patients who breathed ether almost died
D. before the discovery of modern anesthetics, doctors also tried hard to reduce the pain
23. The word "numbs" (par.3) probably means ____.
A. deadens B. moves C. loses D. feels
24. Some operations require only a local anesthetic in which____.
A. you have your teeth pulled or filled
B. a drug is injected only into the area to be operated on
C. you will receive novocaine
D. both gases and drugs are to be used
25. When a person is given the third type of anesthetic, ____.
A. he will completely lose consciousness
B. he will remain still for a longer time
C. all parts of the body below the point of inject will cease to feel
D. all parts of the body will not feel anything
Passage two
Naturally the young are more inclined to novelty than their elders and it is in their speech, as it always was,
that most of the verbal changes originate. But listening critically to their talk I hear hardly any new words. It is all
a matter of using old words in a new way and then copying each other, for much as they wish to speak differently
from their parents, they want even more to speak like people of their own age. A new usage once took time to
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spread, but now a pop star can falsify it across the world in hours.
Of course it is not only the young who like to use the latest in-word. While they are describing their idols as
smashing, great, fab or cosmic, their parents and the more discriminating of the younger set are also groping for
words of praise that are at once apt and fashionable. However, their choice of splendid, brilliant, fantastic and so
on will in turn be slightly dimmed by over-use and need replacement.
Magic is a theme that has regularly supplied words of praise (and the choice must betray something in our
nature). Charming, entrancing and enchanting are all based on it. So also is marvelous, which has been used so
much that some of its magic has faded while among teenagers wizard had a great run. Another of this group,
though you might not think it, is glamorous, which was all the rage in the great days of Hollywood. Glamour was
a Scottish dialect form of 'grammar' or 'grammarye', which itself was an old word for enchantment. (Grammar
means the study of words have always been at the heart of magic.) The change from 'r' to 'l' may have come
about through the association with words like gleaming and glittering.
On the whole, when a new word takes over the old ones remain, weakened but still in use, so that the total
stock increases all the time. But some that start only as slang and never rise above the class can disappear
completely. 'Did you really say ripping when you were young ' my granddaughter asked me, rather like asking if I
ever wore a suit of armour. Of course I did and it was no sillier than smashing, which some of her contemporaries
are still saying.
26. Which of the following is NOT true about young people in their speech
They use words invented by pop stars.
They copy the speech of their contemporaries.
They give words new meanings.
They invent words that older people cannot understand.
27. According to the passage, words of praise keep changing because ___.
they lose their freshness
there are more words available in this area
young people are becoming more discriminating
older people try to avoid the in-words of the young
28. The fact that magic is a frequent source of words of praise suggests that people ___.
lack linguistic originality
have always been interested in magic
are becoming more superstitious
are interested in magic when young
29. To the author's granddaughter the word 'ripping' ___.
seems strange and old-fashioned
has a clearer meaning than it does for the author
is unacceptable because it is slang
means much the same as 'smashing'
30. The passage is mainly discussing ___.
the difference between the old and the young in using words
the replacement of some words because their old fashion
the development of language
the cause of language change
Passage three
I remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and was
coming home in the snow. It was that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring
homeward in the twilight. I marched among thousands of tired men and women who the factory whistles had
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unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East
Side.
I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing
by a banana cart. He looked so lonely, the tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit with his sad,
beautiful smile --- Charlie Chaplin's smile.
"Arch, it's Mikey," he said. "So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana."
He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He
thought I was shy, and coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and
snow.
"You haven't sold many bananas today, pop," I said anxiously.
He shrugged his shoulders.
"What can I do No one seems to want them."
It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty sky darkened over New
York buildings, the tall street lamps were lit, innumerable trucks, streetcars and elevated trains clattered by.
Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father's bananas.
"I ought to yell," said my father dolefully. "I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers, but it makes my
throat sore. Anyway, I'm ashamed of yelling, it makes me feel like a fool."
I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must
remain here and help my father.
"I'll yell for you, pop," I volunteered.
"Arch, no," he said, "go home; you have worked enough today. Just tell momma I'll be late."
But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke occasional words of praise, and said I was a wonderful
yeller. Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily, endlessly; a defeated army wrapped in
dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed; the Cooper Union clock burned above us; the sky grew black, the wind
poured, the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures pouring over the
sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to buy bananas. I yelled and yelled, nobody listened.
My father tried to stop me at last. "Nu," he said smiling to console me, "that was wonderful yelling, Mikey.
But it its plain we are unlucky today! Let's go home."
I was frantic, and almost in tears. I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells. But at last my father
persuaded me to leave with him.
31. "unyoked" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ___.
sent out B. released C. dispatched D. removed
32. Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicate crowds of people
Thousands of B. Flowed C. Pouring D.Unyoked
33. Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage
Huge crowds and lonely individuals.
Weather conditions and street lamps.
Clattering trains and peddlers' yells.
Moving crowds and street traffic.
34. Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son
Compassionate B. Responsible C. Shy D. Determined
35. What is the theme of the story
The misery of the factory workers.
How to survive in a harsh environment.
Generation gap between the father and the son.
Love between the father and the son.
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Passage four
Americans are people obsessed with child-rearing. In their books, magazines, talk shows, parent training
courses, White House conferences, and chats over the back fence, they endlessly debate the best ways to raise
children. Moreover, Americans do more than debate their theories; they translate them into action. They erect
playgrounds for the youngsters' pleasure, equip large schools for their education, and train skilled specialists for
their welfare. Whole industries in America are devoted to making children happy, healthy and wise.
But this interest in childhood is relatively new. In fact, until very recently people considered childhood just a
brief, unimportant prelude to adulthood and the real business of living. By and large they either ignored children,
beat them, or fondled them carelessly, much as we would amuse ourselves with a litter of puppies. When they
gave serious thought to children at all, people either conceived of them as miniature adults or as peculiar,
unformed animals.
Down through the ages the experiences of childhood have been as varied as its duration. Actions that would
have provoked a beating in one era elicit extra loving care in another. Babies who have been nurtured exclusively
by their mothers in one epoch are left with day-care workers in another. In some places children have been
trained