[人教版][高二上英语必修5][第1讲-Great-scientists-A]-演练方阵-(学生版).docx

演练方阵
第1讲Great Scientists (A)

基础巩固

一、语境填读
1. The theory that he ______________（提出）sounds good in theory but __________________（没有意义）in practice.
2. Don't __________ yourself __________（暴露于） too strong sunlight for a long time. It will ________________（导致）being sunburnt.
3. It has ______________（宣布）that ______________（除了）John, two other persons are also__________（怀疑）to be ______________（与……有关联）the theft.
4. After the __________（调查）, the police __________（得出一个结论） that it was the polluted river that ___________（应为……负责） the ______________（爆发）of the disease.
5. At last I applied for a job as a secretary，but was also ______（拒绝）. So far my job hunting has ____（到了一个终点）．

二、用下列动词的适当形式填空。
challenge defeat absorb blame reject control suspect expose cure pollute instruct announce construct

1. Completely _____________ in his
2. work, he didn’t notice a stranger enter his
office.
2. Just then the bell rang, ___________ the end of class.
3. Almost two thirds of the fish in the pond died over a night. Yet he didn’t know what was _____________.
4. _____________ the longest bridge in Asia, the company became famous all over the country.
5. You _____________ where to go as soon as the plane is ready.
6. _____________his mother of the strange disease, he did a lot of research work.

三、单项选择
1. He______ from their remarks that they were not in favor of the plan.
A. concluded B. made C. put D. attended
2. No difficulty could_____ this brave man since he is so confident and capable.
A. defeat B. attack C. win D. overcome
3. _____ to advertisements constantly can help to change people’s opinions over time．
A．Exposed B．Being exposed
C．Exposing D．To be exposed
4. Don’t leave it______ to the sun, or it will get burnt.
A. exposing B. exposed
C. being exposed D. exposes
5. After a fortnight’s______, the doctor successfully_____ me of my headache.
A. cure; treated B. treatment; cured
C. cure; treats D. treat; cures
6. We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that_____ for their son’s bad performance at school.
A. are to blame B. is to be blamed
C. are to be blamed D. is to blame
7. Plastic bags are provided for our convenience but they have also_____ the pollution of the environment．
A. adapted to B. turned to
C. contributed to D. looked forward to

能力提升

一、单项选择
1. Yesterday the firemen ________ the ground carefully，but were not able to find any ________ glass.
A. examined; breaking B. cared; broken
C. examined; broken D cared; breaking
2. Take care during the holidays! Drinking too much can ________ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A. contribute to B. deal with C. attend to D. devote to
3. We walked as fast as we could, ________ to get there on time.
A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. being hoped
4 Only when I left my parents for Italy ________ how comfortable it was to live in our home country.
A. I realized B. I had realized C. did I realize D. had I realized
5. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ________ on his own farm.
A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow
6. In 2009 many countries are going through financial crisis, ________ has a great effect on many walks of life.
A. it B. which C. that D. what
7. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _______ to our shop for quality problems.
A. returning B. returned C. to return D. to be returned

二、阅读理解
A
Two dolphins race around in a big pool in the Ocean Park. The smaller dolphin, Grace, shows off a few of her tricks, turning around and waving hello to the crowd. The most amazing thing about her, however, is that she's even swimming at all. She doesn't have a tail.
Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap. When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005, she was fighting for her life. “Is she going to make it?” Her trainer, Abbey Stone, feared the worst. Grace did make it—but her tail didn't. She ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.
Over the past six years, she has learned to swim without her tail. Dolphins swim by moving their flukes and peduncle up and down. Grace taught herself to move another way—like a fish! She pushes herself forward through the water by moving her peduncle from side to side.
The movements put harmful pressure on Grace's backbone. So a company offered to create a man-made tail for her. The tail had to be strong enough to stay on Grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldn't hurt her.
The first time Grace wore the artificial tail, she soon shook it off and let it sink to the bottom of the pool. Now, she is still learning to use the tail. Some days she wears it for an hour at a time, others not at all. “The new tail isn't necessary for her to feel comfortable,” says Stone, “but it helps to keep that range of motion （动作）and build muscles（肌肉）.”
Now, the dolphin is about to get an even happier ending. This month, Grace will star in Dolphin Tale, a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery. Her progress has inspired more than just a new movie. Many people travel from near and far to meet her. Seeing Grace swim with her man-made tail gives people so much courage.
1. When Grace first arrived at the Ocean Park, her trainer worried about her ________.
A. physical build B. potential ability
C. chance of survival D. adaptation to the surroundings
2. A man-made tail is created for Grace to ________.
A. let her recover faster B. make her comfortable
C. adjust her way of swimming D. help her perform better tricks
3. The story of Grace inspires people to ________.
A. stick to their dreams B. treat animals friendly
C. treasure what they have D. face difficulties bravely
B
He is regarded as having one of the brightest minds on the planet. But outstanding astrophysicist（天体物理学家）Stephen Hawking has admitted that he did not learn to read until he was eight years old.
In a public lecture at the Royal Albert Hall，Professor Hawking also admitted that he was not active in studying while at Oxford University, where he studied physics and that only the diagnosis that he might die young from motor neurone（神经元）disease made him concentrate on his work.
Professor Hawking said: “My sister Philippa could read by the age of 4 but then she was definitely brighter than me.” He said that he was unexceptional at school and was never further than halfway up his class. “My classwork was very untidy, and my handwriting was the despair of my teachers,” he said. “But my classmates gave me the nickname Einstein, so presumably they saw signs of something better.”
But he said that it was when doctors told him that he probably only had a few years to live at the age of 21 that galvanized him into focusing on his work and a period of productivity that resulted in some of his early breakthroughs. He said, “When you are faced with the possibility of an early death, it makes you realize that life is worth living and there are lots of things you want to do.”
1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Stephen Hawking is the second Einstein in the world.
B. Stephen Hawking couldn’t read at the age of 7.
C. Stephen Hawking’s handwriting was once terribly bad.
D. Stephen Hawking’s sister once performed much better than him.
2. What made Stephen Hawking devote himself to his work?
A. Patience B. Knowledge C. Disease D. Laziness
3. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Stephen Hawking didn’t realize his dreams in physics.
B. It was possible for Hawking to face the early death.
C. The purpose of the doctor’s diagnosis was to encourage him to work hard.
D. His life might be taken away by long hard work.
4. From whom did Hawking get a relatively just estimation when he was at school?
A. His sister B. His classmates C. His teachers D. His parents
C
Linus Pauling, the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes, was born in Portland, Oregon. He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962, long after he had received his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Orgon State College in 1922 He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it.
He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of complex substance. His interest in the “behavior” of molecules（分子led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. He began with proteins and their main parts, the amino acids（氨基酸）, which are called the “building blocks of life”. In 1950, he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule, a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell.
During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However, the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules, he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures.
From then on, Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bomb and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts, The Nuclear­Test­Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Peace.
1. From the first Paragraph, we learn that Linus Pauling________.
A. didn’t study hard while in Washington High School
B. is the only scientist who has won two Nobel Prizes
C. was once badly treated in Washington High School
D. chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living
2. Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first?
A. The “behavior” of molecules.
B. Physical chemistry.
C. Biological chemistry.
D. The human body.
3. Which of the following is legal according to The Nuclear­Test­Ban Treaty?
A. The use of nuclear weapons.
B. Testing hydrogen bomb on the ground.
C. Testing hydrogen bomb on underground.
D. The production of hydrogen bombs.
4. The main idea of the passage is to show________.
A. Linus Pauling’s attitude towards nuclear weapons
B. Linus Pauling’s contributions to the world
C. Linus Pauling’s research on the structure of molecules
D. Linus Pauling’s got the Nobel Prize for Peace

三、完形填空
Almost all scientists failed many times before they finally succeeded. In their scientific work, they were all strict 1 themselves. When they first 2 their ideas, they were always rejected. 3, they did not give up. It was their perseverance 4 made them successful.
A 5 theory is the result of the scientific method. Scientists look at the world and try to describe and explain what they see. First they carefully observe what they are 6 in. To explain what they have seen, they build a theory about the way 7 things happen and the causes and effects. Then they were 8 in their work. Finally the scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can 9 future events.
In fact, every new thought or idea has to be 10 to what we already knew. Great thinkers or scientists are aware of this and try to 11 new and old ideas in 12 many different ways as possible. Some of the greatest scientists forced themselves to develop new ideas even when they tired or did not feel 13. They all knew that for each new idea that works, there are 14 ten that do not.
If we want to develop our 15, we can try using some of the 16 strategies（策略）of the great and famous. We may not be interested in becoming scientists, but we probably all want to find new ways to improve our 17. 18 knows, perhaps your next thought will be a new idea that changes the world? So we should be well prepared to meet 19 in life now and try our best to make great 20 to our future society.
1. A. in B. on C. with D. for
2. A. put up B. put on C. put aside D. put forward
3. A. So B. Therefore C. However D. But
4. A. that B. what C. which D. whether
5. A. scientific B. certain C. sure D. expert
6. A. curious B. interested C. cautious D. characteristic
7. A. which B. in which C. where D. how
8. A. absorbed B. absorbing C. absorb D. to absorb
9. A. see B. watch C. notice D. foresee
10. A. linking B. link C. linked D. to link
11. A. construct B. expose C. analyse D. combine
12. A. as B. than C. so D. such
13. A. inspiring B. inspired C. responsible D. enthusiasm
14. A. at most B. at las C. at least D. in the least
15. A. creativity B. conclusion C. enquiry D. chart
16. A. think B. thought C. thinking D. thoughts
17. A. life B. level C. universe D. sense
18. A. Who B. What C. How D. Which
19. A. suspect B. challenges C. clue D. announcement
20. A. contributions B. contribution C. contribute D. construction

四、用本单元的词组、句型翻译下面的短文
在历史的长河中，科学家为这个世界做出了巨大的贡献。我认为，科学家就是那些在工作中严格要求自己及专注于他们所从事的每件事的人。好的科学家从不莽撞地做出结论。反之，他对自己所提出的结论都极为谨慎，为此，他可以一次又一次做实验。科学家都牢记这么一点：一个理论如果无法帮助世人从不可预料的困境中解脱的话，就不能称之为好理论。而且，好的理论应该是可以为其它理论的建立提供基础的。因此，我们不难看到科学家们耗尽一生的心血，只为找到一个放诸四海而皆准的理论。
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