外研版七年级上英语重点语法.doc

凡诺英语组19Starter Module 1 My teacher and my friends主系表结构主系表结构由“主语+系动词+表语”构成，系动词主要是指be动词，其变形am, is, are的基本意思为“是”，用来说明某人的年龄、身份、身体状况等，在英语中起着非常重要的作用。1.肯定句式为：主语+am/is/are+其他。表语系动词主语I am a student. 我是一名学生。（说明主语的身份）They are my friends.他们是我的朋友。2.动词be的否定式就是在其后加not，且可以缩写为“isnt，arent”，但是am与not不能缩写。He is not a teacher. He isnt a teacher. 他不是一名教师。You are not Chinese. You arent Chinese. 你/你们不是中国人。3. be动词的一般疑问句式是把be动词提至句首，第一个字母要大写，句末用问号。This is a map. 这是一张地图。 Is this a map? 这是一张地图吗？They are from Xinjiang. 他们来自新疆。 Are they from Xinjiang? 他们来自新疆吗？语法专练一、用be动词的适当形式填空。1. I _ a boy in Class Two.2. Daming _ my good friend.3. _ she a student?4. Where _ you from？We _ from England.5. How _ Tony and Betty?They _ fine. 二、句型转换。1. He is in Class Four. （改为否定句）He _ in Class Four.2. We are from England. (改为否定句)We _ from England.3. I am from Beijing. (改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)_ _ from Beijing?_, I _ _.4. Daming is twelve years old. (改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答)_ Daming twelve years old?_, he _.Starter Module 2 My English lesson祈使句1. 祈使句可用来表示命令、请求和建议等意义的句子。它的主语you通常省略，谓语动词用原形，表达的是将来的动作。句末用感叹号或句号。Stand up, please. 请站起来。Sit down! 坐下！2. 为了表示委婉的语气，可在句首或句尾加上please，但please加在句尾时，前面要用逗号隔开。Please put up your hands. 请举手。Close your books, please. 请合上书。3. 为了明确向对方提出请求或发出命令，可加称呼语，但称呼语要用逗号与句子隔开。Open your books, boys and girls. 同学们打开你们的书。Please listen to me, Lingling. 玲玲，请听我说。 基数词1. 基数词就是用来表示数量的单词。英语中就基数词提问时，用how many。How many boys are there in your class？ 你们班里有多少男生？There are nineteen boys. 有19个男孩。2. 基数词的书写。110：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten1120: eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty整十：ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety其他数字：整十-个位数twenty-two 22 forty-five 45 fifty-three 53 语法专练一、用祈使句表达下面图片的内容。1. 请写在黑板上。 _2. 举起你的手。 _3. 星期三我们一起去游泳吧。_二、写出对应的英语数词。8 _ 20 _29 _ 46 _12 _ 19 _83 _ 94 _Starter Module 3 My English book特殊疑问句1. 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词来引导。目前我们学过what, how, how many, how old, what colour等引导的一般疑问句。Whats your name, pleasse? 请问你叫什么名字？How are you? 你好吗？How many boys are there? 这里有多少男孩？How old are you? 你多大了？What colour is the cat? 这只猫是什么颜色的？2. 特殊疑问句的语序为“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”，特殊疑问词在句中有两个作用：一是起引导作用，二是在句中担当一定的句子成分。Whats your telephone number? 你的电话号码是多少？How do you spell “pencil”? 你怎样拼写“pencil”？Whats this in English? 这个用英语怎么说？What class are you in? 你在哪个班？语法专练根据答语写出问句1. _Its a map.2. _Its black.3. _ Its C-L-A-S-S-R-O-O-M.4. _Im fine, thank you.5. _Im Mike.6. _Its 987654321.7. _Im in Class Three, Grade Seven.8. _Im twelve.9. _There are 54 students in my class.Starter Module 4 My everyday life特殊疑问句what引导的特殊疑问句，可以询问星期几，天气，最喜欢的体育运动，在几年级几班等等。1. 特殊疑问词what day提问星期几。这是常用it来指代时间作主语，也可以用today, tomorrow等名词作主语。答语用It is或Today/Tomorrow is。What day is it today? 今天星期几？It is Monday. 今天星期一。What day is it tomorrow? 明天星期几？Tomorrow is Tuesday. 明天星期二。2. 询问天气用Whats the weather like?来提问，whats是what is的缩写。根据句意表达需要，句型后可以加时间或地点状语，同时出现时间和地点时，一般先说地点后说时间。答语用it来指代天气。Whats the weather like in Xian in summer? 夏天西安的天气怎么样？Its hot. 天气很热。3. Whats your favourite? 用来提问“你最喜欢的是”，favourite后跟名词。答语用Its或直接用名词作简略回答。Whats your favourite day? 你最喜欢星期几？Sunday. 星期天。Whats your favourite animal? 你最喜欢的动物是什么？Its dog. 是狗。语法专练根据答语完成对话中的特殊疑问句。1. _ _ _ _ today?Today is Wednesday.2. _ _ _ _ ?Its yellow.3. _ _ _ _ in summer?Swimming.4. _ your favourite sport?Basketball.5. _ _ _ _ in autumn?Its cool.Module 1 My classmatesbe动词的用法一、动词be作谓语时，和后面的表语一起构成系表结构，说明主语的身份、年龄、状态等。1. 说明身份。Im your teacher and youre my students. 我是你们的老师，你们是我的学生。Tony and Betty are our friends. 托尼和贝蒂是我们的朋友。2. 说明年龄。Im thirteen years old. 我13岁。Emma is thirteen years old too. 艾玛也是13岁。3. 说明状态。We are in our classroom now. 我们现在在教师里。Shanghai is a very big city. 上海是一个非常大的城市。Its nice to see you all here. 在这儿看到大家非常高兴。二、be动词的常用句式。1. 陈述句是“主语+be+表语+其他”；She is a new student in my class. 她是我们班上新来的学生。2. 一般疑问句把be提到主语之前，构成疑问句语序，即“Be+主语+其他”；She is from England. 她来自英格兰。Is she from England? 她来自英格兰吗？I am from China. 我来自中国。注意第一人称第二人称Are you from China? 你来自中国吗？We are good friends. 我们是好朋友。Are you good friends? 你们是好朋友吗？3. 特殊疑问句是“特殊疑问词+be动词的一般疑问句”。Where are you from? 你来自哪里？语法专练Tony: Hi, my name _ Tony. What _ your name?Daming: Hi, Tony. I _ Daming. Where _ you from?Tony: Im from London. It _ a very big city. This _ Jack, and this _Betty. They _ my friends.Daming: It _ nice to meet you, Jack and Betty.Jack and Betty: Nice to meet you too. How old _ you, Daming?Daming: Im twelve years old. What about you?Tony: I _ twelve years old too. Jack and Betty _ thirteen years old.Module 2 My familythis, these, that, those1. this, that, these和those在英语中称作指示代词。this和that是单数，复数是these和those。指示代词含有方向性，用来指示或标识人或物。this, these指较近的人或物，that, those指较远的人或物。This is my family photo.这是我的全家照。Thats my pencil.那是我的铅笔。These are my parents.这是我的父母。Those are Uncle Pauls son and daughter.那是保罗叔叔的儿子和女儿。2. 指示代的疑问句是把助动词提到指示代词之前，答语中this, that一般用it代替，these和those用they代替。This is a farm. 这是一个农场。 （肯定句）Is this a farm? 这是一个农场吗？ （一般疑问句）Yes, it is. 是的，它是。 （肯定回答）注意人称变化No, it isnt. 不，它不是。 （否定回答）Those are my grandparents. 那是我的外祖父母。 （肯定句）Are those your grandparents? 那是你的外祖父母吗？（一般疑问句）Yes, they are. 是的，他们是。 （肯定回答）No, they arent. 不，他们不是。 （否定回答）3. 指示代词可以单独使用，也可修饰名词。These are desks and those are chairs.这些是桌子，那些是椅子。These boys are from Class One. Those girls are from Class Two.这些男孩来自一班。那些女孩来自二班。语法专练用this, that, these, those, they, it填空。1. Look here. Whats _?_ is a photo of my family.2. Can you see the man over there? Is _ Lilys father?3. Are _ your books in this bag?No, _ arent.4. Are these boys from America?Yes, _ are.5. Are _ Uncle Pauls son and daughter in that photo?Yes, _ are. Module 3 My schoolthere be句型的用法1. there be句型表示“某处有某物”或“某处有某人”等，各种句式见下表：肯定否定疑问回答There is a computer on the teachers desk. 老师的讲桌上有台电脑。There isnt computer on the teachers desk. 老师的讲桌上没有电脑。Is there a computer on the teachers desk? 老师的讲桌上有电脑吗？Yes, there is.是的，有。No, there isnt.不，没有。There is some hot water for you. 给你准备了些热水。There isnt any hot water for you. 没有给你准备热水。Is there any hot water for me? 有给我准备热水吗？Yes, there is. 是的，有。No, there isnt. 不，没有。There are some buildings in our school. 在我们学校里有一些建筑物。There arent any buildings in our school. 在我们学校里没有建筑物。Are there any buildings in your school? 你们学校有一些建筑物吗？Yes, there are. 是的，有。 No, there arent.不，没有。2. there be 句型中的主语是be动词后的名词，所以be动词的单复数取决于be动词后名词的单复数形式，注意be动词的单复数遵循就近原则，即第一个名词的单复数决定be动词的单复数。There is some furniture and books in the library.图书馆里有一些家具和书籍。There are some books and furniture in the library.图书馆里有一些书和家具。语法专练按要求完成下列题目。1. There are some computers in the classroom.（改为否定句）_ _ _ _ in the classroom.2. There are some pictures on the wall. （改为一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答）_ _ _ _ on the wall?_, _ _._, _ _.3. There is a television and some computers in the computer room. （改为同义句）_ _ _ _ and a television in the computer room.4. There are six science labs in the science building. （对画线部分提问）_ _ _ _ _ in the science building?介词或介词短语表示方位一、英语中的介词或介词短语可以表示方位。介词又称前置词，它不能单独作句子的成分，必须与句词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语构成介词短词才能充当句子的成分。1. at在（某地点）：at the station 在车站 at school 在学校2. in在上/里：in the playground 在操场上 in the library 在图书馆里3. on在上：on the desk 在桌面上 on the blackboard 在黑板上4. near在附近：near the school gate 在学校大门附近 near the hotel 在旅馆附近5. behind在后面：behind the building 在建筑物的后面 behind the wall 在墙的后面6. on the left/right 在左/右边7. in front of 在前面（不在物体范围内）The library is in front of the science building. 图书馆在科学楼的前面。8. in the front of （在物体范围内）The teachers desk is in the front of the classroom.老师的讲桌在教室的前面。9. in the middle of 在中间The playground is in the middle of the school.操场在学校的中间。10. between 在之间 betweenand 在和之间The library is between the dining hall and the science lab.图书馆在餐厅和科学实验室之间。二、介词短语在句中的作用：1. 修饰名词，位于名词的后面，翻译时常根据汉语习惯放在名词前。The building on the left is the sports hall.左边的建筑物是体育馆。2. 位于be动词的后面，说明主语所处的位置。The sports hall is on the left. 体育馆在左边。3. 修饰动词，说明动作发生的地点。Write it on the left. 把它写在左边。语法专练1. Is Tony _ Toms right?Yes. Tom is _ the left _ Tony.2. Is the library _ the sports hall?No, its in front of it.3. Where is the library?Its _ the school gate.4. The office building is _ the library and the science building.5. Lets put up some pictures _ the wall.6. There are many people _ the station.Module 4 Healthy foodhave/has got的用法1. have/has got 的用法。have/has got意为“有，拥有”，用于口语中，同have/has。第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have。肯定句句型为“主语+have/has got +名词或代词”，变疑问句时把have/has提到主语之前；变否定句时，在have/has后加not。答语中使用助动词have/has来回答。助动词have/has可以和主语构成缩写形式，也可以和not构成缩写形式havent或hasnt。We have got some meat in the fridge. (= Weve got some meat in the fridge.)我们冰箱里还有些肉。She has got some chocolate. （肯定句）她有一些巧克力。She hasnt got any chocolate. （否定句）她没有巧克力。Has she got any chocolate? （一般疑问句）她有一些巧克力吗？Yes, she has. 是的，她有。No, she hasnt. 不，她没有。2. have/has got与there be句型。两者民“有”相关，have/has got表示“拥有，有”，即一种所属关系，主语通常是人或机构、组织等；there be句型的“有”表示某地有某物或某人，强调的是一种客观存在，主语是there be句型后的名词或代词。Tony has got two basketballs. 托尼有两个篮球。There are two basketballs behind the door. 门后面有两个篮球。注意：表示机构或组织“有”时，there be句型或have/has got有时可以通用。Our school has a large playground. 我们学校有一个大操场。There is a large playground in our school. 我们学校里有一个大操场。语法专练句型转换1. She has got some chocolate. （改为否定句）She _ _ _ chocolate.2. I have got some rice for meals everyday. （改为一般疑问句并做否定回答）_ _ _ _ rice for meals every day?_, _ _.3. Our school has six buildings. （改为同义句）_ _ _ _ in our school.some, any的用法some表达的是一个确定的概念，表示“一些”，因此常用于肯定句中；当我们不知道是否有某物/人时，用any。any常用于疑问句或否定句中，强调“任何”。some, any既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。Weve got some noodles for breakfast.我们早餐吃面条。Have you got any noodles for breakfast? 你早餐吃面条了吗？There isnt any furniture in the new house.在新房里没有任何的家具。注意：some用于疑问句时，是说话者持肯定的语气，希望得到肯定的回答；any用于肯定句时，起强调作用，表示“任何”。The fish is delicious. Would you like some?这鱼很可口。你想要一些吗？Any time is OK. Im free.任何时间都行，我有空。语法专练用some和any填空。1. Are there _ maps on the wall?Yes, there are.2. Have you got _ uncles?Yes, and I have got _ aunts too.3. There is _ meat and fish for lunch.4. We havent got _ beef. Lets buy _. 5. Is there _ cheese?No, there isnt _.可数句词与不可数名词一、名词的分类。英语名词与汉语名词不同，有可数和不可数之分。有些物质名词和抽象名词如water水，milk牛奶，meat肉，rice米饭，time时间，work工作等，属于不可数名词，即无法用具体的数词来修饰；有些名词是可数名词，如boy男孩，girl女孩，student学生，desk桌子，potato土豆，building建筑物等，可加具体的数词来修饰，如two boys两个男孩，some buildings一些建筑物等。二、常见的可数名词单数变复数的规则单数变复数分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。1. 规则变化如下表：条件变化形式例词一般情况直接加-spen-pens, map-maps, noodle- noodles以s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词加-esbus-buses, box-boxes, wash-washes, watch-watches以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词把y变成i，再加-escountry-countries, baby-babies, story-stories, family-families以o结尾的单词有生命的单词加-eshero-heroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes无生命的单词加-spiano-pianos, radio-radios,photo-photos以f或fe结尾的单词把f、fe变成-vesknife-knives, leaf-leaves, life-lives2. 不规则变化需要特殊记忆，如child-children儿童，woman-women女人，foot-feet脚，tooth-teeth牙齿等，还有Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人，sheep羊等单复数同形。语法专练用所有单词的适当形式填空。1. There _(be) some _ (potato) and _ (tomato) here.2. Where _(be) the milk? I want some _ (milk) with _ (sugar).3. Many _ (child) like cola. But cola and ice cream _ (be) not healthy.4. There _ (be) meat and fish for dinner. Meat and fish _ (be) healthy.5. What have we got at home?Weve got lots of _ (fruit) and _ (vegetable).6. How many _ (woman) teachers are there in your school?7. I want to eat _ (noodle) with some _ egg.8. Some sweet food _ (be) not good for your _ (teeth).Module 5 My school Day行为动词的一般现在时1. 行为动词也叫实义动词，即具有明确动作意义的动词。和系动词be不一样，行为动词在句中可以独立作谓语。而系动词be要和后面的的表语一起构成系表结构作谓语。We are all busy on weekdays. 我们在工作日都很忙。Linglings mother works at the theatre 玲玲的妈妈在剧院工作。I do my homework after super and go to bed at ten oclock.晚饭后我做作业，在10点钟上床睡觉。2. 行为动词分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词后面跟宾语，即动作的对象。不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语。（1）后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb，缩写vt.)We start lessons at half past one in the afternoon. 我们下午1点半开始上课。HowlongcanIkeepthebook？这本书我可以借多久呢？（2）本身意义完整，后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb，缩写vi.)。若不及物动词后要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，如to，of ，at等后方可跟上宾语。具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得联系动词短语了。Birds can fly. 小鸟会飞。Many people wait at the station. 许多人在车站等候。Please listen to me. 请听我说。3. 英语中经常反复发生的动作用一般现在时态。行为动词一般现在时的疑问句或否定句要借助于助动词do/does来构成。第三人称单数用does。变成疑问句时把do/does提前；变否定句时，在do/does后面加not，可以缩写为dont/doesnt。I have breakfast at 7 oclock. （肯定句）我早上七点吃早餐。I dont have breakfast at 7 oclock. （否定句）我不是早上七点吃早餐。Do you have breakfast at 7 oclock? （一般疑问句） 你是早上七点吃早餐吗？ Yes, I do. 是的，我是。No, I dont. 不，我不是。She goes to school today. （肯定句）今天她去学校。She doesnt go to school today. （否定句）今天她不去学校。Does she go to school today? （一般疑问句）今天她去学校吗？