重点高中英语主谓一致知识点讲解.doc

高中英语主谓一致知识点讲解
本文主要讲解主谓一致，并列结构作主语时谓语用复数主谓一致中的靠近原则谓语动词与前面的主语一致
等常见考点。
主谓一致是指：
1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，
　　一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如：
　Thereismuchwaterinthethermos.
　　但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
　Tenthousandtonsofcoalwereproducedlastyear.
15.1并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如：
　Readingandwritingareveryimportant.读写很重要。
　注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如：
　Theironandsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourlife.钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
典型例题
　TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor___askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.
A.is　　B.was　C.are　D.were
答案B.注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。
15.2主谓一致中的靠近原则
1）当therebe句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：
　Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。
　Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。
2）当either…or…与neither…nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here,there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如：
　Eitheryouorsheistogo.不是你去，就是她去。
　Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.给你笔、信封和纸。
15.3谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语有with,togetherwith,like,except,but,nolessthan,aswellas等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：
　Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.教师和一些学生在参观工厂。
　HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.他和我想去划船。
15.4谓语需用单数
1）代词each以及由every,some,no,any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each,every时,谓语需用单数。例如：
　Eachofushasatape-recorder.我们每人都有录音机。
　Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.我的表坏了。
2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：
　TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。
　3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：
　Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.用三个星期来做准备。
　Tenyuanisenough.十元够了。
15.5指代意义决定谓语的单复数
1）代词what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：
Allisright.　一切顺利。
Allarepresent.　人都到齐了。
2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如：
　　Hisfamilyisn\'tverylarge.他家成员不多。
　　Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.　他家个个都是音乐爱好者。
　但集合名词people,police,cattle,poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如：
　　Arethereanypolicearound?附近有警察吗？
3）有些名词，如variety,number,population,proportion,majority等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。例如：
　Anumberof+名词复数+复数动词。
　Thenumberof+名词复数+单数动词。
　Anumberofbookshavelentout.
　ThemajorityofthestudentslikeEnglish.
15.6与后接名词或代词保持一致
1）用halfof,mostof,noneof,heapsof,lotsof,plentyof等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如：
　Mostofhismoneyisspentonbooks.他大部分的钱化在书上了。
Mostofthestudentsaretakinganactivepartinsports.大部分学生积极参与体育运动。
2）用aportionof,aseriesof,apileof,apanelof等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：
Aseriesofaccidentshasbeenreported.媒体报道了一连串的事故。
Apileoflotswassetbesidethehearth.炉边有一堆木柴。
3）如manya或morethanone所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由morethan…of作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如：
　Manyapersonhasreadthenovel.　许多人读过这本书。
　Morethan60percentofthestudentsarefromthecity.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。
15.7主谓一致练习
1.Eachofyou______responsiblefortheaccident.
a.amb.bec.isd.are
2.Eachmanandwoman______thesamerights.
a.hasb.havec.hadd.ishaving
3.Everymeans______triedbutwithoutmuchresult.
a.hasbeenb.havebeenc.ared.is
4.There______inthisroom.
a.aretoomuchfurnitureb.istoomanyfurnitures
c.aretoomuchfurnituresd.istoomuchfurniture
5.Themanagerorhisassistant______planningtogo.
a.wereb.arec.wasd.be
6.NotonlyIbutalsoDavidandIris______fondofplayingbasketball.
a.amb.isc.ared.was
7.NeitherTomnorhisparents______athome.
a.isb.arec.hasd.was
8.Eitherthedeanortheprincipal______themeeting.
a.attendsb.attendc.areattendingd.haveattended
9.______waswrong.
a.Nottheteacherbutthestudentsb.Boththestudentsandtheteacher
c.Neithertheteachernotthestudentsd.Notthestudentsbuttheteacher
10.“______twentydollarsabigsumtoher?”
“Isupposeso.”
a.Willbeb.Isc.Ared.Were
11.Threehours______enoughforustofinishthetask.
a.areb.hasc.isd.were
12.Mostofhissavings______intheXinHuaBank.
a.hasbeenkeptb.isbeingkeptc.havekeptd.havebeenkept
13.Allthatcanbedone______.
a.hasdoneb.hasbeendonec.havedoned.havebeendone
14.Oneorperhapsmorepages_______.
a.ismissingb.hasbeenmissedc.aremissingd.wasmissing
15.Morethanoneworker______dismissed.
a.havebeenb.arec.hasbeend.has
16.Manyastudent______theimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage.
a.haverealizedb.hasrealizechavebeenrealizedd.hasbeenrealized
17.Thegasworks______nearthecity.
a.isb.arec.wered.be
18.Thesurroundingsofhishouse______cleannow.
a.isb.arec.wasd.were
19.Thecommittee______overtheproblemamongthemselvesfortwohours.
a.hasarguedb.hasbeenarguingc.havearguedd.havebeenarguing
20.Thepublic______generousintheircontributionstotheearthquakevictims.
a.isb.wasc.ared.hasbeen
21.Cattle______onthehillside.
a.grazesb.isgrazingc.wasgrazingd.weregrazing
22.Herpolitics______neitherconservativenorliberal.
a.isb.arec.wasd.hasbeen
23.Measles______akindofinfectiousillness.
a.isb.arec.wered.havebeen
24.ThePhilippines______tothesouth-eastofChina.
a.liesb.liec.layd.lays
25.Maryisoneofthegirlswho______alwaysontime.
a.isb.amc.ared.was
26.Tomistheonlyoneofthestallmemberswho______tobepromoted.
a.isgoingb.aregoingc.hasbeengoingd.havebeengoing
27.Whatcausedtheaccident______ontheroad.
a.werestoneb.werestonesc.wasstoned.wasstones
28.Wiskyandsoda______hisfavoritedrink.
a.isb.arec.wered.havebeen
29.______istoattendourevening.
a.boththesingerandthedancerb.Eitherthesingerordancers
c.Thesingerordancersd.Thesingeranddancer
30.TheSmiths______theirbreakfastwhenthemorningpostcame.
a.hadb.hasbeenhavingc.arehavingd.werehaving
31.Nooneexcepttwostudents______themeeting.
a.hasbeenlateforb.havebeenlateforc.waslateford.werelaterfor
32.Allbuthimandme______totheexhibition.
a.amgoingb.isgoingc.aregoingd.wasgoing
33.Interest,aswellasprospects,______importantwhenonelooksforajob.
a.areb.werec.isd.was
34.Thepresident,accompaniedbyhisassistants,______.
a.havearrivedb.arearrivingc.hadarrivedd.hasarrived
35.Anumberofcars______infrontofthepark
a.isparkedb.wasparkedc.areparkedd.hasparked
36.thenumberofarticlespublishedonsmoking______amazing.
a.isb.arec.wered.havebeen
37.Themajorityofdoctors______smokingisharmfultohealth.
a.arebelievedb.hadbelievedc.hasbelievedd.believe
38.Themajorityofthedamage______easytorepair.
a.isb.arec.wered.be
39.Four-fifthsofthecrop______.
a.areruinedb.wasruinedc.wereruinedd.havebeenruined
40.Three-fourthsofthebuildings______.
a.wasdestroyedb.isdestroyedc.weredestroyedd.hasbeendestroyed
41.Earlytobedandearlytorise______amanhealthy,happyandwise.
a.makingb.tomakec.maked.makes
42.Mathematics______thelanguageofscience.
a.isb.hasbeenc.ared.havebeen
43.Theyoung______thevitalforcesinoursociety.
a.isb.hasbeenc.ared.havebeen
44.Everyman,womanandchild______somehistory,enoughatleast,tosurviveintheworld.
a.knowsb.knowc.isknownd.areknown
45.Noneofthem______myfriends.
a.isb.arec.wasd.hasbeen
46.Notonlythewholenation,butthewholeEurope,indeedthewholehumansociety______toalteritsattitudetoracialproblems.
a.needb.needsc.hasaneedd.haveaneed
47.Gettingtootherplanetsortothemoon_____manyproblems.
a.involveb.involvesc.involvingd.toinvolve
48.Inthatcountry,therich______richer,thepoor,poorer.
a.becomeb.hasbecomec.becomesd.isbecoming
49.Theprojectrequiresmorelaborthan______becauseitisextremelydifficult.
a.hasbeenputinb.havebeenputinc.beingputind.tobeputin
50.Notoneinonehundredchildrenexposedtothedisease_____likelytodevelopit.
a.shouldbeb.mustbec.isd.are
主谓一致练习答案
1-5CAADC6-10CBADB11-15CDBCC16-20BABDC21-25DBAAC
26-30ADADD31-35CCCDC36-40ADABC40-45DDCAB46-50BBAAC
1.Theold____welllookedafterbythegovernmentinChina.
　　A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.was
　　2.Thesecretaryandmanager____verybusynow.
　　A.isB.areC.wasD.were
　　3.Boththesecretaryandthemanager_____agreedtoattendthemeeting.
　　A.hasB.haveC.areD.was
　　4.Tomaswellastwoofhisclassmates_____invitedtotheparty.
　　A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.hadbeen
　　5.EitheryouorI_____goingtotheteachers'officeafterclass.
　　A.amB.isC.areD.will
　　6.Mostofhissparetime____spentinreading.
　　A.areB.wereC.wasD.havebeen
　　7.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat____appearedthisyear.
　　A.havebeenB.hasC.hadbeenD.have
　　8.Tenthousanddollars_____quitealargesum.
　　A.areB.isC.wereD.have
　　9.About20percentofthework____doneyesterday.
　　A.areB.isC.wereD.was
　　10.MrSmith，togetherwithhischildren，____arrived.
　　A.areB.hasC.isD.have
　　11.It____Iwho_____leavingforLondon.
　　A.is…isB.am…isC.is…amD.am…am
　　12.NotonlyTombutalsohiswife____fondofwatchingtelevision.
　　A.areB.wereC.beD.is
　　13.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.
　　A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecided　C.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided
　　14.Althoughthefirstpartofthebookiseasy，therest______.
　　A.aredifficult　B.hasproveddifficult
　　C.issupposeddifficult　D.havebeenfounddifficult
　　15.Thattheywerewronginthesematters_____nowcleartousall.
　　A.isB.wasC.areD.were
　　16.Halfofhisgoods____stolentheotherday.
　　A.areB.wereC.isD.was
　　17.Mathematics____thelanguageofscience.
　　A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe
　　18.Eachofthestudents_____aChinese-Englishdictionary.
　　A.haveB.hasC.thereisD.thereare
　　19.Theyeach____abeautifulhandkerchief.
　　A.haveB.hasC.thereisD.thereare
　　20.Betweenthetworowsoftrees_____theteachingbuilding.
　　A.standB.standsC.standingD.are
　　21.Thispairofshoes____madeinNanjing.
　　A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hadbeen
　　22.Nooneexceptmyparents_____anythingaboutit.
　　A.knowB.knows　　C.isknowingD.haveknown
　　23.Anumberofstudents_____fromthesouth.
　　A.areB.isC.haveD.has
　　24.Thenumberofstudentsfromthenorth____small.
　　A.areB.isC.haveD.has
　　25.Writingstoriesandarticles_____whatIenjoymost，
　　A.isB.areC.wasD.were
　　26.His"SelectedPoems"_____firstpublishedin1965.
　　A.wereB.wasC.hasbeenD.are
　　27.MissSmithisafriendof______.
　　A.Mary'smother'sB.Mary'smother　C.Mother'sofMaryD.Marymother's
　　28.Agooddealofmoney____spentonbooks.
　　A.haveB.has　C.havebeenD.hasbeen
　　29.Onthewall_____twolargeportraits.
　　A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging
　　30._____turngreeninspring.
　　A.LeafB.LeafsC.LeaveD.Leaves
　　31.Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor____abouthishearttrouble.
　　A.anadviceB.adviceC.advicesD.theadvices
　　32.Allbutone____herejustnow.
　　A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were
　　33.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_____fifty，butanumberofthem_____absentfordifferentreasons.
　　A.were;wasB.was;was　C.was;wereD.were;were
　　34.Theairinbigcities_____verydirtybyfactories.
　　A.areoftenmadeB.isoftenmade　C.haveoftenmadeD.hasoftenmade
　　35.Nobody____tosmokeinthecinema.
　　A.allowsB.allowC.isallowedD.areallowed
　　36.TheChinesepeople_____hard-workingandbrave.
　　A.areB.isC.hasbeenD.arebeing
　　37.____canbedone_____beendone.
　　A.All;haveB.Allthat;have　C.All;hasD.Allthat;has
　　38.Johnhastwobrothers，buteither____outofworknow.
　　A.areB.isC.hasD.have
　　39.Thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.
　　A.issearchingforB.weresearchingfor　C.aresearchingforD.weresearching
　　40.Applesofthiskind____.
　　A.tastesgoodB.tasteswellC.tastegoodD.tastewell
　　41.Yourtrousers____dirty，youmusthave_____washed.
　　A.is;itB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them
　　42.Where____rubbish，thereareflies.
　　A.thereareB.thereisC.isD.therehas
　　43.TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.
　　A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five
　　44.Manyaman_____cometohelpus.
　　A.haveB.hasC.isD.are
　　45.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho__elected.
　　A.areB.haveC.hasD.is
　　46.Three-fourthsofthehomework_____today.
　　A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinished　C.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished
　　47.Thosewho____in____compositions，pleasehandtheminthisafternoon.
　　A.hasn'thanded;hisB.haven'thanded;theirC.hashanded;theirD.havehanded;his
　　48.Janeisoneofthebeststudentsinherclasswho_____bytheirteacher.
　　A.arepraisedB.ispraisedC.praisedD.praising
　　49.Thewholeclass_____theteacherattentively.
　　A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningto　C.arelisteningD.islistening
　　50.TheUnited States of America_____oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.
　　A.isB.areC.wasD.were
　　参考答案：
　　1-5BABAA6-10CDBDB11-15CDABA
　　16-20BCBAB21-25ABABA26-30BADBD
　　31-35BDCBC36-40ADBBC41-45CBBBD
　　46-50BBAAA
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