高考英语资料：读后续写(精讲).doc

高考英语资料：读后续写（精讲）
读后续写

　　　　　　命题特点
读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式，旨在考查考生的综合语言运用能力。读后续写——给出前文，写后文。理论上来说，前文用于阅读输入信息，信息经过大脑思维转换后，形成对前文的理解，理解一定是建立在确定主旨大意，明确前文作者态度和关键信息的前提下，在大脑思维中建立一个对前文的理解框架和概括，在此基础上，继续建立顺序思维，确定接下来在理解前文的基础上如何安排下面继续可能或者应该出现的内容。续写部分内容不仅要求词汇和语言框架的准确使用、 语言的润色等，更重要的是，你要明白你应该如何整理续写内容，以使得其和前文形成统一连贯的能够表述完整信息的表达内容。续写是读和写的统一，之间穿插了对阅读能力、概括能力、思维转化能力、语言领悟能力、语言组织能力、创造性思维能力以及对上下文逻辑关系的掌握等的考查。
续写对于前文文本的选择应该是脉络清晰，能够为不同层次考生根据不同能力确认主旨信息的文本。前文的选择一定既要信息完整，可以提炼观点，又要为下面的续写留有余地，考验命题者的选文判断能力。
高质量地完成读后续写最重要的是要通过大量阅读信息的输入，形成一定的阅读思维能力。沉淀思维，归纳信息，梳理脉络，转换思维，那么阅读的思维能力注定会迅速提升。对续写的前文的理解是这一题型的最关键部分，否则后面的续写就不会有任何形成思维的信息输入，也就谈不上输出了！多读，多思维，多沉淀，多拓展，这是应对读后续写的重要环节！

　　　　　　题型特点
读后续写的阅读材料一般以350词以内的记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，偶有少量议论文。考生要在此文的后面续写约150词左右的文字与前文构成一个完整的故事。一般来说，记叙文浅显易懂，但故事情节多曲折动人，故事线索的逻辑性也较强。要求考生续写的部分多是故事发展的高潮或结局。情节曲折跌宕，线索性和逻辑性较强。考生要抓住故事的叙事线索，依据原文的写作思路续写文章，并适当发散。写作要求考生在读懂原文的基础上，在规定时间内展开合理的想象，并运用所学的英语知识完成一篇约150词左右的续写。原文给出10处左右的标有下划线的关键词语，所续写短文应使用5个以上。续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已经给出。
考生所续写的部分要有创新性，不是原文的抄写或胡编乱造，同时，还要带有原文色彩(必须使用原文5处以上的关键词语)。
续写一般分为两类：半开放性续写和完全开放性续写。半开放性续写要求考生务必根据文章的逻辑推理续写。完全开放性续写则要求考生依据文章的思路自由发挥。续写时要尽可能与原材料的中心思想和语言风格上保持一致。
读后续写不是随心所欲地写，而是要在所给段落开头和所标出关键词的帮助下完成续写部分(150词左右)。其中，段落开头语与传统写作中的开头语类似，在某种程度上引导你的思路向某个方面发展，所续写部分不能脱离各自的段落开头语另起炉灶，要在其基础上进行拓展发挥。
读后续写要求读写并重，需要考生对给定材料精确理解，这样所续写部分才不至于偏离主题，就这方面而言，读后续写有点类似阅读理解题中对文章后续发展的推断，如：What would happen next?
续写部分的思路和内容并不一定是唯一的，考生可根据自己对上文材料的理解，对文章的结尾做出不同的诠释。
【典题感悟】
A
(2017·浙江卷6月)阅读下面短文， 根据所给情节进行续写， 使之构成一个完整的故事。
On a bright, warm July afternoon, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling from his home to Alaska with his friends. One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon. As Mac pedaled(骑行) along alone, he thought fondly of his wife and two young daughters at home. He hoped to show them this beautiful place someday.
Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him.“Man, that’s a big dog！”he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw instantly that it wasn’t a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.
Mac’s heart jumped. He found out his can of bear spray. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Mac’s relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, it was by his side again. Then it attacked the back of Mac’s bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back only to quickly restart the chase(追赶)．
Mac was pedaling hard now. He waved and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to slow down. He saw a steep uphill climb before him. He knew that once he hit the hill, he’d be easily caught up and the wolf’s teeth would be tearing into his flesh.
At this moment, Paul and Becky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They didn’t think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road. A bit later, they spotted what they, too, assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the dog was a wolf. Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1：
The car abruptly stopped in front of him._______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived.
_________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
The car abruptly stopped in front of him. Paul and Becky got out of the car immediately to give help. But with the bare hands, they didn’t dare to fight with the wolf. However, they still approached to the wolf bravely. At the same time, the wolf also noticed them and turned its head back, shouting loudly at Paul and Becky. Mac then jumped off the bicycle and was ready to fight against the wolf. That reached deadlock.
Paragraph 2：
A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived. They found the dangerous situation, where three men circled the wolf. Mac’s friends also jumped off their bicycles and joined the fight with the wolf. More and more cars stopped. Some drivers took out the sticks from the cars, and some took out the knives, even the guns towards the wolf. Just at that time, the wolf might feel the threats from the people, starting to withdraw. Soon, it ran away off the road and disappeared in the distance.
B
(2016·浙江卷10月)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
One weekend in July, Jane and her husband, Tom, had driven three hours to camp overnight by a lake in the forest. Unfortunately, on the way an unpleasant subject came up and they started to quarrel. By the time they reached the lake, Jane was so angry that she said to Tom，“I’m going to find a better spot for us to camp”and walked away.
With no path to follow, Jane just walked on for quite a long time. After she had climbed to a high place, she turned around, hoping to see the lake. To her surprise, she saw nothing but forest and, far beyond, a snow­capped mountain top. She suddenly realized that she was lost.
“Tom！”she cried.“Help！”
No reply. If only she had not left her mobile phone in that bag with Tom. Jane kept moving, but the farther she walked, the more confused she became. As night was beginning to fall, Jane was so tired that she had to stop for the night. Lying awake in the dark, Jane wanted very much to be with Tom and her family. She wanted to hold him and tell him how much she loved him.
Jane rose at the break of day, hungry and thirsty. She could hear water trickling(滴落) somewhere at a distance. Quickly she followed the sound to a stream. To her great joy,_ she also saw some berry bushes. She drank and ate a few berries. Never in her life had she tasted anything better. Feeling stronger now, Jane began to walk along the stream and hope it would lead her to the lake.
As she picked her way carefully along the stream, Jane heard a helicopter. Is that for me? Unfortunately, the trees made it impossible for people to see her from above. A few minutes later, another helicopter flew overhead. Jane took off her yellow blouse,_ thinking that she should go to an open area and flag them if they came back again.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
But the helicopter didn’t come back again, and the day became darker. ____________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
Jane woke up at the daybreak. _______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[写作指导]
步骤1
概括已知信息：标明核心词、核心句，梳理语篇内容的推进方向。
故事主线：驱车野营生嫌隙，迷失山林心焚急；挨饿恐惧度长夜，两架飞机失机会。
已知线索：
吵架——出走——迷路——失联——自救——思念——寻路——直升机——飞离
步骤2
按人物、环境、情节动词等分类划线词。

Kinds
Underlined key words and phrases
Character
Jane, Tom
Action
walked, climbed
Place
lake, stream
Concrete Things
helicopter, yellow blouse
Abstract
To her great joy, at a distance
步骤3
紧扣语境构思情节，分析：
1．据第一段开头“darker”可知，____________。
2．据第二段开头“woke up”可知，____________。
3．第二段情节可能：____________。
可续写线索：
失望？坚信？曲折？直升机？Tom？自救？获救？
话题激活词汇：
环境：forest, stream, rock, berry, valley, steep, cave, lake, waterfall(人口、环境与自然)
困难：hunger，starve，thirsty，injure，broken，blood，panic，shelter，survive(survival)，suffer，cold，severe(天气与自然灾害)
活动：walk，climb，fall，crawl，taste，attempt，struggle to one’s feet，make one’s way to，pick up(人体与动作)
情绪：to one’s great joy, break down
救援：rescue team, doctor, search for, spot(天气与自然灾害)
意志品质：calm, courage, will(性格与行为特征)
评价：amazing, make it
步骤4
初稿(分析原文写作风格，特殊语法结构有时间状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、宾语从句、现在分词作状语、直接引语、虚拟语气、倒装、疑问句、感叹句和介词短语等)。
步骤5
核查字数、下划线标明原文给出的5个以上关键词语、连接词、标点、语法错误等。
One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
But the helicopter didn’t come back again, and the day became darker. Jane was so tired, hungry, and extremely frightened. She thought to herself，“If only I had not quarreled with Tom. Where is Tom? He must have made the emergency call. What indeed is enough courage. If I continue my spirits tomorrow, I will be likely to guide the helicopter．”Lying beside the stream,__she fell asleep very soon. Suddenly, she heard the shouts of tigers, which made her scared to death. After she held her breath for a few minutes, everything was quiet again. In the terrible darkness, she slept again.
Paragraph 2：
Jane woke up at the daybreak. She caught sight of a fisherman at__a__distance,__with whose help she climbed to an open area.__To__her__great__joy,__ a helicopter flew overhead just at that moment. The fisherman helped flag her yellow__blouse wildly. This did catch the rescuers’ attention! Jane was rescued. Seeing Tom, she told him how much she missed him. Never would they be away from each other. Tom gave her the warmest and longest hug she had ever received. People around smiled with satisfaction.

　　　　　　题型破解
(一)写作步骤
1．读文：精读文章，确定文章线索。每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索，如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等，这样有利于考生“顺藤摸瓜(结尾)”。确定文章体裁和题材(话题)。注意文中的关键词，也就是故事中的时间、地点、人物和事件。
有效的阅读方法是：阅读原文的过程中确定文章的体裁→理清文章的结构及作者的写作意图→明白原文的情节→阅读过程中注意划线词语(因为这些词语是续写下文的暗示)→推敲已给出的续写段首，推理下文的发展方向→揣摩作者原文的语气，判断作者的情感态度。
2．审题：仔细审题，明确续写要求。一般短文后面的“注意”都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示，这样考生才能做到“心中有数”。
3．谋段：在读文、审题的基础上，先仔细阅读续写部分所给出的两段段首文字，再构思这两段要写的段落大意。根据原文情节和划线词汇确定好段落大意，选出每一段可能要用到的原文中带下划线的关键词。结合这些关键词，确定每一段的写作要点。增加次要情节，增加常识情节，这两段加起来要能写出10到15个句子，以满足续写词数要求。
4．回扣：回扣原文，揣摩续写思路。根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路，结合段首的提示语，最终确定续写段落的思路，同时结合文章划线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
5．初写：拟写草稿，修改错词病句。在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中划线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性及语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。写作时要注意所用的人称和时态要与原材料一致。标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语(5个以上)。另外，还要注意尽可能地减少表达上的语法错误。如果遇到语言上的表述困难，可多参考原阅读材料中的有关语句。
6．定稿：写好初稿后，考生要结合原材料中故事线索读一读自己续写的内容。既要确保不出现与原材料相矛盾的地方，又要做到内容上前后连贯，语句通顺。润色续写部分，使之过渡与衔接自然，尽量使用高级词汇，最好运用从句、独立主格结构、分词短语等高级句型。标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语。这一点可以帮助考生自己检查关键词的使用情况并根据情况做出修改。最后在誊写文字时，务必做到“字迹工整、清晰”。
(二)续写方法
1．精读所给阅读材料，理清文章脉络并明确作者的论点，确定文章主旨。
2．寻求前文与续写段段首句之间的内在联系，站在作者的角度设计并发展情节，想象要合理，情节要连贯。
3．后续情节一般为故事的高潮或延续，是原作者声音的延续、态度的延伸，因此，要尽量符合原文思路，并求得与读者的心理共鸣，让读者回味无穷。
4．续写时心态要端正，所续写内容要积极、健康向上，把事物美好的一面展示出来。
5．利用自己已有的知识和经验，在继承原作者风格和语言基础之上，准确、地道地表达，充分展示语言的表现力。提高关联词与过渡语的使用率，增强整句表现力。
6．如果所给短文为议论文，那么议论文中的段落首句多为主题句，观点鲜明。续写时，要围绕段落分论点确定论证方法，如正反对比、例证等。
(三)评分原则
1．本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分
2．评分时，先根据所续写短文的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3．词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分。
4．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对文章的影响程度予以考虑。
5．如书写较差以致影响文章，可将分数降低一个档次。
6．评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：
(1)与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；
(2)内容的丰富性和对所标出关键词语的应用情况；
(3)应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；
(4)上下文的连贯性。
各档次的给分范围和要求
档次
描述
第五档
(21－25)
——与所给短文融洽度高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接合理。
——内容丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语。
——所使用语法结构和词汇丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达。
——有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。
第四档
(16－20)
——与所给短文融洽度较高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接较为合理。
——内容比较丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语。
——所使用语法结构和词汇较为丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但不影响意义表达。
——比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。
第三档
(11－15)
——与所给短文关系较为密切，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。
——写出了若干有关内容，应用了4个以上短文中标出的关键词语。
——应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求，虽有一些错误，但不影响意义表达。
——应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。
第二档
(6－10)
——与所给短文有一定的关系，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。
——写出了一些有关内容，应用了3个以上短文中标出的关键词语。
——语法结构单调，词汇项目有限，有一些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。
——较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性。
第一档
(1－5)
——与所提供短文和开头语的衔接较差。
——写出内容太少，很少使用短文中标出的关键词语。
——语法结构单调，词汇项目很有限，有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。
——缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。
0
白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。
(四)备考建议
面对读后续写这一新写作题型，在了解了其特点和写作技巧之后，考生只要加以适度练习，便可以对此新题型做到得心应手。
1．充分利用记叙文故事类的阅读理解或者完形填空。考生在做此类文章的试题时，读到适当的位置，可以短暂停止，根据已读部分文章的脉络，对文章进行发散思维，设想可能的几种结尾，最后对照原文的结尾，看自己的设想是否与原文一致。
2．经常实施微型化训练，也就是对所读文章的某一段落进行设想。根据某一段落的首句提示，结合文章的上文对该段进行合理设想，具体推断该段可能要讲述的内容。
3．与传统写作类似，续写文章更加要注意句与句之间的连接词，甚至是冠词的暗示作用。
4．进行适度专题化练习。俗话说，熟能生巧。对于读后续写这一新题型也是如此。通过适度地练习，可以进一步熟知该种题型的特色，更好地掌握该种题型的写作技巧，更有效地调动传统写作的基础知识，从而写出一篇优美的续写短文。

A
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
From the first day he entered my classroom, Willard P. Frank existed in his own world, shutting out his classmates and me. My attempts at building a friendly relationship with him were met with complete indifference. I could see that his classmates fared no better. Willard was strictly a loner who seemed to have no desire or need to break his silence．
Shortly after the Thanksgiving holiday, we received word of the annual Christmas collection of money for the less fortunate people in our school district.
“Christmas is a season of giving，”I told my students. “There are a few students in the school who might not have a happy holiday season. By contributing to our Christmas collection, you will help buy food, clothing and toys for these needy people. We will start the collection tomorrow.”
When I called for the contributions the next day, I discovered that almost everyone had forgotten except for Willard P. Frank. The boy dug deep into his pants pockets as he walked slowly to my desk. Carefully, he dropped two quarters into the small container.
“I don’t need milk for lunch，” he mumbled. For a moment, just a moment, he smiled. Then he turned and walked back to his desk.
That night, after school, I took our few contributions to the school principal. I couldn’t help sharing the incident that had taken place.
“I may be wrong, but I believe Willard might be getting ready to become a part of the world around him，” I told the principal.
“Yes.” he nodded.“And we might do well to have him share a bit of his world with us. I just received a list of the poor families in our school who most need help through the Christmas collection. Here, take a look at it.”
As I gazed down to read, I discovered Willard P. Frank and his family were the top names on the list. Seeing this, I decided to do something for him．
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
On that Sunday, I paid a visit to Willard’s family.______________________________
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Paragraph 2:
The next day, I had a special class for Willard.__________________________________
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One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
On that Sunday, I paid a visit to Willard’s family. On entering his house, I was surprised to find a barely empty room with only a broken bed and a dirty second hand sofa. Willard told me that his mother died a few years ago and that his father was missed, leaving him to live with a sick grandma. When asked why he had given the two quarters,__Willard mumbled,__“There are people poorer than me, so I just want to do some help by contributing my milk money.” Hearing his words, I couldn’t help bursting into tears. I thought I should help him break his silence.
Paragraph 2：
T