北师大版高中英语模块四Unit10词汇学习学案正式版.doc

Words and Expressions for Unit 10, Module IV, BNUP
Learning to learn
1. motivate vt. 为……之动机（常用被动语态） ；引起……
The murder was motivated by hatred. 那凶杀案是由仇恨所引起的。
What motivated you to do such a thing? 引起你做这样的事的动机是什么 ?
motivation n. 动机，刺激，推动 [名校学案：P.2]
What was your motivation for becoming a teacher?
你当时成为老师的动机是什么？
Jack is an intelligent pupil, but he lacks motivation.
杰克是一个聪明的学生，但是他缺乏学习的动力。
2. technique n.
（科学、艺术、运动等的）技巧；技术[U]；

手法，技法 [C] way of doing something
technique in medicine and surgery 内外科技术
They admired the pianist’s perfect technique.
They need to learn modern management techniques. 他们还得学习现代管理技术。
Dick had a new technique for doing the high jump. 迪克有一种跳高的新技术。
to learn the advanced techniques from other countries 学习别国的先进技术 [名校学案：P.2]
* technology （科学）技术 [U] practical science
We should master the basic advanced technology of the new century.
enjoy a high level of technology
享受高水准的科技
science and technology 科学和技术
high technology/ information technology
3. native a. 出生地的，祖国的，家乡的；本土的； 土生的[(+to)]；(某地)特有的；土著的
They are native speakers of English.
他们的母语是英语。
The giant panda is native to China.
大熊猫是中国特有的动物。
She was native to Taipei. 她原籍台北。 Native American 美洲原住民；印第安人
* n. 本地人，本国人[(+of)]； 土著，原住民[P] ；(某地)原有的动(植)物[(+of)]
The professor set to study the habits of the natives.
教授着手研究当地居民的生活习惯。
The kangaroo is a native of Australia.
袋鼠是澳大利亚的土生动物。
4. achievement 达成；完成[U] ；
成就,成绩[C]

achievement of an ambition 抱负的实现 make achievements 取得成就
The invention of the computer is a great achievement. 发明电脑是一大成就。
* achieve v. do or finish something well after trying hard
You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way.
你若总是这样消磨时间,就永远不会有所成就。
achieve success 取得成功
achieve a victory 获胜
achieve the four modernizations实现四个现代化
5. put off 推迟；拖延 postpone (an appointment, a trip, a visit, etc.); postpone an engagement with (sb.)
She keeps putting off going to the dentist. 她老是拖延着不去看牙医。
It’s raining hard. We’d better put off the sports meet. 正在下大雨我们最好把运动会延期。
Don’t put off till tomorrow what can be done today. 今天可做的事不要拖到明天再做。
* 阻止；劝阻；使泄气 [名校学案：P.3]
We are not going to allow a little difficulty like that to put us off. 决不让那么一点点困难把我们吓倒。
6. billion num. （美、法）十亿；（英、德）万亿 (美) thousand million , (英) million million ；
大量,无数[P][(+of)]
Billions of stars twinkled in the sky.
无数星星在天空闪烁。
7. percentage n. 百分比[率]，比率 ；（口语）利益,赚头； [~s] (胜的) 机率，胜算
What percentage of the students are [is] admitted to college(s)? 有多少百分比的学生获准进入大学?
A small percentage of the farm produce was ruined. 农产品中的一小部分坏掉了。
There is no percentage in it. 没有赚头（好处）。
play the percentages 计算得失（机率）而行动
8. exist vi. 存在 to be, to be real
We cannot exist without air. 没有空气，我们就不能生存。
Does life exist on other planets? 别的行星上有生命吗？
The Qin Dynasty existed for a very short period. 秦朝存在的时间很短。
Matter generally exists in three states: gas, liquid and solid. 物质通常有三态：气态、液态和固态。
They cannot exist on such a small income. 靠这点收入他们不能够生活。 exist on food
* existence n.[U] 存在 being
The tree owes its existence to soil.
树木依赖泥土生存。
bring sth. into existence 使产生
earn one’s existence 谋生
lead a happy existence 过着幸福生活 put ... out of existence 使……灭绝
l come into existence 出现，产生
start to be, live, happen, etc.
When did this world come into existence? 这个世界何时产生的？
9. at present 目前；现在
We don’t need it at present. 我们现在不需要。
We are badly in need of teachers at present. 当前我们急需教员。
10. variety 多样化，变化[U] ；种种[S][(+of)] ；种类[C] [名校学案：P.4]
What other ways do you know to add variety? 你知道其他增加变化的方法吗?
People like to live a life full of variety.
人们喜欢过丰富多彩的生活。
He has a variety of interests. 他有多种爱好。
Hospitals deal with diseases of every variety. 医院诊治各种各样的疾病。
11. bow v. 鞠躬，欠身[(+to/before)]，顺从，屈服[(+to/before)]；低(头)，欠(身)，鞠躬(或欠身)表示；
Some people bow before money.
有些人在金钱面前俯首贴耳。
He bowed his head in shame. 他惭愧地低下头来。
She bowed her thanks. 她鞠躬致谢。
* n. 弓 a weapon that shoots arrows；结；蝴蝶结 ；奏提琴用的）弓
to bend a bow 张弓
She tied her shoelaces in a bow. 她把鞋带打成蝴蝶结。
A violin is played with a bow. 提琴是用弓来拉奏的。
12. passer-by n. 过路人[C]
Passers-by could hear our rising voices. 过路行人可以听到我们越来越高的声音。
* pass by 经过；过去 ；（时间）过去；错过
A bus has just passed by. 一辆公共汽车刚刚过去。
You should never let an opportunity pass by. 你不应该错过任何机会。
13. defeat vt. 战胜，击败 ；使失败，挫败 win a victory over, overcome [名校学案：P.4]
The French defeated the English troops. 法国人打败了英国军队。
The news that he has been defeated in the election is not true. 他落选的消息不真实。
Our hopes were defeated. 我们的希望落空了。
* n. 失败；战败；挫折 losing a game, fight, war, etc.
Victories or defeats are ordinary things to a general. 对一个将军来说胜败是常事。
He returned to his home county in 1945 after the defeat of Japan. 1945年打败日本以后他返回了家乡。

Warm-up
1. earn vt. 挣得 to get money by working ；赢得，获得
How much do you earn a week? 你一周赚多少钱?
He earns twice as much as I do. 他挣的钱是我挣的两倍。
His achievements earned him respect and admiration 他的成就赢得人们的尊敬和仰慕。
2. out of work /unemployment 失业 with no job that brings money
He has been out of work for a year. 他已经失业一年了。
3. beg vi. / vt. 乞求；乞讨 ask for food, money, etc. ；央告；恳求 ask for something with strong feeling/ beggar n.
Every day they went to the road nearby and stood there begging. [名校学案：P.4]
From whom did he beg this money?
I beg that neither of you will say anything.
She begged him to stay at home.
The blind man begged for a living.
He begged for a favor. 他要求帮个忙。 / The criminal begged for mercy. 那个罪犯恳求饶恕。
She begged her father to forgive her. 她恳求她父亲原谅她。
I beg you to pay attention. 我请你们注意听课。
May I beg a cigarette from you? 给我一根香烟好吗？
* I beg your pardon. 请原谅（用于做了错事道歉时）please excuse me ；
Beg pardon, did I tread on your foot? 对不起，我踩你的脚了吧？
* I beg your pardon. 请你再说一遍（用于没听清）please repeat what you have just said
Beg pardon, I don’t catch the Chairman’s remark. 对不起请再说一遍，我没听清楚主席的话。
Lesson 1
1. determine vt. 决定；使决定,使下决心；判决,裁[+(that)] ；是……的决定因素
She determined to go that very afternoon. 她决定就在那天下午走。[名校学案：P.4]
My mom’s encouragement determined me to go on with my study. 我母亲的鼓励使我决心继续学业。
He was determined to win（决心……）the game. 他决心要赢得那场比赛。
The court determined that the man was guilty of drunken driving. 法官判决那个人酒醉开车有罪。
They have determined where the new school will be built. 他们已确定新的学校将建造在什么地方。
Demand determines supply. 需求决定供给。
vi. 决定[(+on)] ；[律] 终止;判决
* determination n. 决心，决意 a man of ~ ; He showed great ~. his ~ to marry her
2. concern [~ oneself]（人）涉及[……],有关系[in, with]；涉及，关系到；使担心；使关心[(+about/for)]
You’d better not concern yourself in such things. 你最好不要介入这种事。
I shall not concern myself with his affairs. 我不想介入他的事情。
The news concerns your brother. 这消息与你兄弟有关。
The boy’s poor health concerned his parents.那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。
He is concerned for her safety. 他担心她的安全。
He was very concerned about her. 他对她非常关心。
concerning prep.关于 [名校学案：P.3]
l We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.
我们读了关于天外来客的故事。
* as / so far as …be concerned … 就……而言
As far as I am concerned, I cannot object to your marriage.
* To whom it may concern. 敬启者
n. 关心的事，重要的事[C] ；担心,挂念;关怀[U][C][(+about/for)]
That’s no concern of mine. 那不关我的事。
Andrew expressed his concern. 安德鲁表示了他的关切。
I have no concern with / in the company. 我和该公司没有任何关联。
3. give away 赠送；分发make a present of ；（在欧美婚礼中）(新娘)交给新郎 ； 泄露，出卖
She gave away all her money to the poor. 她把钱都送给穷人了。
give away medals at a sports meeting 在运动会上分发奖章
The bride was given away by her father. 在婚礼上,新娘由其父亲交给新郎。
His accent gave him away as a northerner. 他的口音让人听出他是北方人。(… Don’t give me away)
4. aware adj. 知道的,察觉的 [(+of)][+that][+wh-] [名校学案：P.4]
She was not aware of having done wrong. 她没有意识到做错了事。
He was [became] aware of the danger. 他知道（注意到）危险。
I was aware of what he was aiming at. 我知道他在打什么主意（他的意图是什么我一清二楚）。
I am well aware that this is a tough job. 我深知这是一件棘手的工作。
5. drop out 脱离 ，退出，不再参加；掉落 ；退学
Luckily, I dropped out before the deal turned sour. 很幸运的,在交易变坏前我已退出了。
One of my teeth has dropped out. 我的一只牙齿掉了。
She dropped out of school to become a waitress. 她退学去当女招待。
6. drunk adj. 醉的(常做表语)
He was drunk at the end of the party. 宴会结束时他喝醉了。
drunk driving(AmE)/ drink driving
* drunken adj. 酒醉的；常醉的,常酗酒的； 酒醉引起的；(喝醉般)东倒西歪的
There were many drunken men in the streets. 街上有许多醉汉。
a drunken sailor 喝醉的水手
a drunken sleep 喝醉后的睡眠
7. greedy a. 贪食的；贪吃的 ； 贪婪的[(+for] ；渴望的;(兴趣等)强烈的[(+for)][+to-v]
Don’t be so greedy --- leave some of the food for the rest of us. 别这么贪吃——留些食品给……
The dictator was greedy for power
那个独裁者贪图权力。
She is greedy for success. 她渴望成功。
* greed n. 贪心；贪婪[U][(+for)]
His greed for money was his ruin.
他对金钱的贪得无厌是他毁灭的原因。 greed for money 贪财
8. resolution n. 决意，决心 (之事)
good resolutions 改邪归正的决心
one’s New Year’s resolution 新年的决心
He made a resolution never to repeat the act. 他决心不再采取那种行动。
a man of great resolution
很有果断力的人
act with resolution 行动果断
He failed to get promoted for lack of resolution.
他因缺乏果断力而未能得到提升。
9. rude adj. 粗野的；粗鲁的；无礼的 impolite; lacking courtesy；没有文化的；未加工的，天然的
He spoke in a rude tone.
他用粗鲁的声音讲话。
Don’t be rude to your teacher.
不要对老师无礼貌。
He comes from a rude country background. 他出生在没有文化的农村。
They are buying rude cotton.
他们正在收购原棉。
Lesson 2
1. bargain n.[C] 协议[(+with)][+that] ；买卖,交易 ； 特价商品，便宜货 [名校学案：P. 4]
Clement made a satisfactory bargain with him. 克莱门特和他作了一次满意的交易。
These toys are a real bargain at such low prices.
这些玩具的价格这么便宜,真划得来。
It’s [That’s] a bargain.
就这样 [那样] 说定。
A bargain's a bargain.
((谚))契约终是契约 (说定了就得遵守) 。
* vi. 讨价还价[(+with/over/about)] ；达成协议 ；
She bargained with the fishmonger over the price. 她与鱼贩讲价钱。
They bargained on a two-year term.
他们讲定以两年为期。
* vt. 讨价还价后卖掉 ； 经谈判后使得； 提出……条件[+that] ； 保证[+that]
They finally bargained out the obstacles to an agreement.
他们通过谈判终于排除了达成协议的障碍。
The trade union bargained that its members should have another week’s holiday. 工会提出……的要求。
I bargain that the job will be done in three days. 我保证这一工作在三天内完成。
2. product n.[C] 产品，产物；产量；出产； 结果，成果 [名校学案：P.4]
They came here in search of new markets for their products.
他们来此为他们的产品寻找新市场。
The plan was the product of many days of careful thought.
这个计划是许多天仔细考虑的成果。
produce 产品，农产品
The place is known for its dairy produce. 这地方因生产乳品而出名。
production n.
Thousands of men were employed in the production of cars.
成千上万的人被雇来生产汽车。
Production was up last month.上个月产量上升了。
3. enthusiastic 热情的；热烈的；热心的[(+about/over/at)] [名校学案：P.5]
David is very enthusiastic about the plan. 戴维对该项计划十分热心。
They are enthusiastic admirers of that movie star.
他们是那位电影明星的狂热崇拜者。
My parents are enthusiastic skiers.
我的父母是滑雪迷。
4. ashamed 羞愧的,感到难为情的[(+of)][+to-v][+that]；耻于……的，因难为情而不愿……的[+to-v]
She was ashamed of having failed in the examination.
她因考试不及格而感到羞愧。
I am ashamed for you. 我替你感到羞愧。
She was ashamed to tell anyone that she failed in the examination.
她羞于告诉任何人……
I am ashamed to ask for help.
我不好意思请人帮忙。 [名校学案：P.5]
* shame n. 惭愧；羞耻之心；耻辱：遗憾的事
She felt great shame at having failed the exam.
她考试不及格,感到极其羞愧。
He is a man who has no shame.
他是个毫无羞耻心的人。
What he did brought shame on his family. 他干的事使他的家庭蒙受了耻辱。
It’s a shame I haven’t heard from you for years 真遗憾,我多年没有收到你的信了。
5. firm adj. 稳固的；牢固的；结实的 ； 坚定的，坚决的；坚挺的
I don’t think the chair is firm enough to stand on.
我觉得这椅子不够稳固,不能站人。
My brother has a firm belief in the value of cold baths.
我的兄弟坚信洗冷水澡有益健康。
* ad. 稳固地;牢固地
She holds firm to her belief in God. 她坚信上帝的存在。
If we stand firm, I firmly believe we shall succeed. 如果我们坚定不移，我坚信我们会成功。
6. clothing (总称)衣服,衣着
The staff at this hotel wear uniform clothing.
这家饭店的员工穿统一的制服。
Our clothing protects us from the cold. 衣服帮我们御寒。
a wolf in sheep’s clothing 披着羊皮的狼 an article of clothing 一件衣物
7. annoy v. 惹恼,使生气;使烦恼[(+by/at/with)] ；打搅，困扰 [名校学案：P.5]
His mother was annoyed with him for being so rude to their neighbors.
他母亲因为他……而生他的气。
These flies are annoying me.
这些苍蝇一直在打搅我。
8. comment n.[C][U] 注释，评注[(+on/about)]； 批评，意见，评论[(+on/about)] [名校学案：P.5]
He made no comments on our proposal.
他对我们的建议没有作评论。
His conduct at social gatherings created a lot of comment.
他在社交聚会上的表现引起许多闲话。
* vi. 做注解,做评注[(+on/upon)] ；发表意见,评论[(+on/upon)]
He did not comment on what I said. 他对我的话未作评论。
* vt. 注释，解释；评+(that)]
He commented that it was an excellent film. 他评论这电影很精彩。
He commented that her acting was superb. 他评论说,她的演技精湛。
Lesson 3
1. appeal vi.呼吁，恳求[(+to/for)][+to-v] ；求助[(+to)] ；有吸引力；迎合爱好 [(+to)]
He appealed to me for help. 他向我求援。 He appealed to his friends for support. 他请求朋友支持。
We will appeal to a great variety of sources of information. 我们将求助于多种资料来源。
The idea appealed to（使喜欢，吸引）Mary. 这主意正合玛丽的心意。
* 【律】上诉[(+to/against)] [名校学案：P.5]
He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given. 他对被判五年徒刑提出上诉。
* vt. 【美】将……上诉，对……上诉
He appealed his case to a higher court. 他向上一级法院申诉。
* n. 呼吁，请求[C][U][(+to/for)] ；吸引力，感染力[U]
He made one last appeal to his father to forgive him. 他最后一次恳求父亲宽恕他。
These subjects have lost their appeal for most students. 对多数学生来说,这些学科已经失去了吸引力。
2. contain vt. 包含；容纳 to have something inside; to hold ； 控制，遏制
Does this box contain biscuits?
这个盒子里有饼干吗？
How much will this bottle contain?
The case contains my clothes.
箱子里装有我的衣服。
The jar contains ten glasses of water.
这只大口瓶能装十杯水。
The pill contains vitamins.
这药丸中含有多种维生素。
A gallon contains four quarts.
一加仑相当于四夸脱。
He could not contain himself for anger. 他不能控制自己的怒气。
I couldn’t contain myself for joy.
我喜不自禁。
I could not contain my laughter.
我无法控制自己不笑出声来。 [名校学案：P.5]
3. balance n. 平衡；均衡[U][S] ；天平，秤[C] ；结存；结余[C]
I lost my balance and fell.
我身体失去平衡,摔了一跤。
Will you weigh it in the balance?
你用天平称一称好吗？
In what way is a laboratory balance different from a balance found in a store?
实验室的天平与商店里的秤在什么方面有所不同?
The balance on your account is US$5.
你的账户上余额为五美金。
the balance of nature 生态平衡 destroy the balance 破坏平衡
4. remove vt. 移动，搬开；调动[(+from/to)]；脱掉；去掉，消除[(+from)]；把……免职；撤去[(+from)]
Students removed several desks to another classroom.
学生们把几张书桌搬到另外一间教室。
She removed the painting to another wall. 她把画搬到另一面墙上。
She saw he had removed his glasses.
她看到他摘下了他的眼镜。
He was removed from the post.
他被解雇了。
The corrupt official was removed from office.
这个贪官被罢了职。
5. puzzle n. 问题；难懂的事 problem; something that is difficult to understand ；谜[名校学案：P.5]
His wife has disappeared; it’s a puzzle.
他的妻子失踪了，这是件难于理解的事情。
It is a puzzle to me how he could come here. 我不知他是怎么到这里来的。
He has found out the puzzle.
他已猜中这条谜语了。
jigsaw puzzle拼板玩具；测验智力的玩具；picture in many small parts that you must put together
* v. 困惑；苦思 make you think a lot because you do not understand it
I am puzzled by the difficult question.
我被难题难住了。
It’s al