2019-2020八年级英语下册Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks短语语法知识点汇总新版人教新目标版.doc

——教学资料参考参考范本——

2019-2020八年级英语下册Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks短语语法知识点汇总新版人教新目标版

______年______月______日

____________________部门

一、必背短语
Section A 部分
1.清洁、打扫
clean up
2.使振奋、高兴
cheer up
3.分发、散发
give/ hand out
4.过去、曾经
used to
5.志愿去做某事
volunteer to do
6.提出，相出
come up with
7.推迟
put off
8.张贴；搭建
put up
9.打电话
call up
10.照顾，照料
care for/look after/take care of
11.在…岁
at the age of
12.参与选拔；试用
try out
13.同时
at the same time
14.一个强烈的满足感
a strong feeling of satisfaction
15.为…而筹钱
raise money for
16.为…发愁
be worried about
Section B 部分
1.修理、装饰
fix up
2.用光，用尽
run out (of)
3.（外貌/行为）像…
take after
4.捐赠、赠送
give away
5.与…相似
be similar to
6.建立；设立
set up
7.残疾人
disabled people
8.对…有影响/作用
make a difference to
9.帮助某人摆脱困境
help sb. out
10.对…感到兴奋
be excited about
【教材内容解析】
Section A
1. You could help to clean up the city parks. (P. 9)
(1) ① help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
翻译：你能在家庭作业方面帮助我吗？_______________________________
② help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
翻译：他常常帮助他妈妈做家务。___________________________________
(2) clean up意为“打扫干净”
翻译：Nancy, please clean up your room. _______________
2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. (P. 9)
cheer up意为“使开心, 使振作、振奋”，代词用作宾语时，要当在cheer和up之间。
翻译：Cheer up! Everything will be OK. __________________________________
3. The boy could give out food at the food bank. (P. 9)
give out意为“分发、散发”，相当于hand out。
翻译：这有一些书。请把它们分发给同学们。
______________________________________________________________
4. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids. (P. 9)
volunteer用作动词，表示“义务做、自愿做”，后接不定式作宾语，volunteer to do sth.“志愿做某事”；作名词，表示“志愿者”，为可数名词。
翻译：Tom volunteered to help us. __
5. Let’s make some notices, too. (P. 10)
also, too, as well与either都可以表示“也”，但是用法不同。
also
放在句中行为动词前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后。
He also wants to go.
too
用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。
He wants to go, too.
as well
用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开。
He wants to go as well.
either
用于否定句句末，句前不用逗号隔开。
He doesn’t want to go either
6. We need to come up with a plan for the City park Clean-Up Day. (P. 10)
come up with表示“相出、提出（主意或者想法）”。
翻译：或许他会提出一个好的主意。__________________________________________
7. Oh, what did they ask you to help out with? (P. 10)
help out意为“帮忙分担、帮某人摆脱困境”。
翻译：Bill helped me out when I was in trouble. __________________________________
8. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. (P. 10)
辨析：be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.与be used to do sth.
辨析： used to do sth；be used to do sth；与 be /get used to doing sth
used to do sth.
过去常常做某事
记忆口诀：used to do 常常过；
be used to do 被用做；
be used to doing 习惯做
be used to do sth.
被用来做某事
be /get used to doing sth.
习惯于做某事
9. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. (P. 10)
lonely作形容词表示“孤独的、荒凉的、偏僻的”；
alone既可以作形容词也可以作副词，作形容词时只能作表语，不能作定语。
翻译：He feels lonely at home himself. ________________________________________
翻译：His grandfather was alone. ______________________________；alone是______词。
翻译：Mr. Smith lives alone. _________________________________；alone是_______词。
10. We should listen to them and care for them. (P. 10)
care for意为“照顾、照料”，后接名词或者代词作宾语，相当于look after或者take care of。
翻译：她每天放学后照顾她的弟弟。
_______________________________________________________________
11. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces. (P. 11)
such用作形容词，表示“这样、如此”，用来修饰名词，可以修饰可数名词单数，也可以修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词。
翻译：It’s such a nice day. ____________________________________________________
翻译：I hope to have such delicious food every day.
____________________________________________________________________
12. She could read by herself at the age of four. (P. 11)
at the age of表示“在……岁时”，表示年龄。
翻译：He started school at the age of six. __________________________________________
13. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. (P. 11)
try out for意为“参加……选拔、争取成为……”。
翻译：Many boys tried out for the football team. ____________________________________
14. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time. (P. 12)
at the same time意为“同时”。
翻译：你不能同时写作业和看电视。__________________________________________
15. Our class is trying to...(P. 12)
① try to do sth. “尽力做某事”
翻译：医生尽力挽救（save）生病的女孩。____________________________________
② try doing sth. “尝试做某事”
翻译：男孩尝试弹钢琴。____________________________________________________
Section B
1. I take after my mother. (P. 13)
take after意为“长得像”。
翻译：Mary长得像她爸爸. ____________________________________________
2. I fixed it up. (P. 13)
fix up意为“修理”，代词作宾语时，放在fix和up中间。
翻译：My computer doesn’t work. Can you fix it up for me?
__________________________________________________________________
3. I gave it away. (P. 13)
give away意为“捐赠、赠送”，还可以表示“泄露（秘密）”。
翻译：我的妹妹把她的衣服捐赠给了穷孩子们。
__________________________________________________________________
4. I’m similar to her. (P. 13)
be similar to意为“与……相似”，be similar in“在……方面类似”。
翻译：Her ideas are similar to mine. ________________________________________
翻译：The twins are similar in appearances. __________________________________
5. I didn’t keep it. (P. 13)
① keep sth. 保留某物
翻译：You can keep the book until the next weekend. ____________________
② keep doing sth. 一直做某事
翻译：The thief still kept stealing things after he went out of the prison（监狱）.
__________________________________________________________________
③ keep+adj. 保持……
翻译：The girl eats a little to keep slim（苗条的）. ____________________________
④ keep sb./sth.+adj./介词短语 保持某人/某物……
翻译：We should keep the window open while we are asleep.
__________________________________________________________________
⑤ keep sb. doing sth. 保持某人做某事
翻译：The mother kept the baby crying on the bed.
___________________________________________________________________
6. Who wrote the letter to Miss Li? (P. 14)
write a letter to sb.=write sb. a letter=write to sb. “给某人写信”
翻译：她正在给她父母写信。_________________________________________________
7. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. (P. 14)
有些动词后面接复合宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语则由动词不定式来担当，并位于宾语补足语之后。常见的这样的动词有find，think，feel，make等。
翻译：I find it interesting to play computer games
__________________________________________________________________
翻译：We all think it very difficult to finish the work in an hour.
__________________________________________________________________
8. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. (P. 14)
make a difference to意为“对…有影响、对…起作用”，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。
翻译：Changing schools made a difference to my life.
___________________________________________________________
翻译：The rain made no difference to the game.
_________________________________________
9. Or imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily. (P. 14)
imagine表示“想象”时，后常接动名词或者从句作宾语。
翻译：You can’t imagine how fast the player ran. ___________________________________
10. I can’t use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me. (P. 14)
bring表示“带来”，强调从别的地方带到说话的地方，常与副词here连用；take表示“带走”，强调从说话的地方带去别的地方，常与副词there连用；carry表示“搬、抬”，没有方向性。
翻译：The students brought their homework to school in the morning and take them home after school. _____________________________________________
11. She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog. (P. 14)
train用作及物动词，表示“训练、培训”，train sb./sth. to do sth.“训练某人/某物做某事”。
翻译：They train the dogs to open the door. _________________________________________
12. After six months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers, I was able to bring him home. (P. 14)
be able to意为“能，会”，表示能力，与can同义。
In the future, students will be able to study at home with the help of computers.
【拓展】辨析：be able to与can
be able to强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can强调自身已具有的能力。
She can sing the song in English.
He will be able to sing this song in English, too.
【语法讲解】
动词不定式
一、 作主语
为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。
常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth. 翻译：____________________________
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 翻译：_______________________________
二、 作宾语
动词agree (同意)； offer (提出)； intend， plan (打算，计划)； demand， ask (要求)； promise (答应)； help (帮忙)； prepare (准备)； decide (决定)； refuse (拒绝)；dare (敢于)； choose (选择)； wish，hope，want， expect (希望，想要)； fail ；（不能；忘记）； pretend (假装)； manage (设法)； determine （决心）常接动词不定式作宾语。
【记忆口诀】
同意提出做计划， 要求答应来帮忙。
准备决定遭拒绝， 敢于选择有希望。
不能做到莫假装， 设法做成决心强。
三、 作（后置）定语
常用于“have/has＋sth.＋to do或“enough＋名＋to do” “It’s time to do sth.” 等结构中。
四、动词不定式作状语
主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。
五、作宾语补足语
tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。

【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：
“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。
六、固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的形式有：
had better (not) do sth. 最好（不）做…
Would you like to do sth.? 你想做…？
Why not do sth.? 为什么不做…?
Would you please (not) do sth.? 请你（不）做….好吗？

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