浙江新高考--概要写作-同义替换.doc

Summary Writing

常见的同义替换：
1. 动词(词组)：
absorb->assimilate 吸收
agree partly->agree with reserve 有保留地赞同
arouse->ignite/stimulate/spur/motivate 引起；鼓励
change->alter 改变
consider->take into account 考虑
devote to->dedicate to 把……奉献于；专注于
emphasize->accentuate 强调
expect->anticipate 期望；预期
explain->interpret/illustrate 解释；说明
get into chaos->with chaos ensuing 陷入混乱
join->participate 参加；参与
lead to->contribute to/ conduce to/result in 导致；产生…… 结果
limit->stress/hinder/hamper 限制阻止；阻碍
operate->manipulate 操作；操纵
provide->lend->offer 提供；给予
publicize->propagandize 宣传；公布
sway->vacillate 影响；摇摆，使摇摆
think->contemplate/muse/meditate/retrospect 思考；考虑；想起
thrive->palmy(a.)/flourishing(v./a.)/prosperity(n.)
undermine->debilitate 破坏；使衰弱，衰竭
use->employ/utilize 使用；利用
want->intend to/tend to/be inclined to 希望；倾向于
want to->desire 想要

2. 形容词/副词：
first->primarily 首先(ad.)
hardly->merely->barely 几乎不(ad.)
hurt->vulnerable 受伤 ；易受攻击
inevitable-indispensable 必然 ；不可缺少
in fact->actually/virtually 事实上；实际上(ad.)
key->crucial/vital/consequential 关键 ；重要
large->miraculous/marvelous 大 ；不可思议 (表程度)
maybe->probably 也许；大概(ad.)
more and more->increasing/growing 越来越多
obvious->conspicuous 明显 ；显著
old->ancient 老 ；古老
proper->apposite 适当 ；合适
persuasive->thorough/sound/specific/convincing 有说服力
true->accurate 正确 ；准确
vague->unwarranted/oversimplified 模糊
well-known->outstanding 著名
more often than not = often
He more often than not comes here.

3. 名词(词组)：
bias->prejudice/discriminate 偏见；歧视
big city->metropolis 大都市
chance->alternative 机会；选择
character->trait/individuality/personality 品质；特性；个性
child->juvenile 孩子；青少年
clash->conflict/collision冲突
custom->convention/tradition 传统；习俗
delegate->representative 代表
detail->specific 细节
lawmaking->legislation 立法
offspring->descendant 后代子孙
value->merit 价值
附：
1. purchasing power of incomes
Maximize their incomes = increase the purchasing power of incomes
2. property = real estate
3. precision = accuracy
4. Thinking ability = critical thinking =creative= innovation
5. reasoning = logical thought =thought
6. popular culture= common culture
7. cultural power= assimilating power
10. judge = Justice （必考含义）“法官”
11. apprehension （必考含义） = worry
apprehensiveability 理解能力
12. mind = people= individual
13. faith=confidence 信心
14. drug= medicine
15. dismiss 斥责= rebuke=criticize
16. tap 开发 tap the market = explore the market = expand the market
18. entail =make= cause
19. nature；nurture/ born； made /inherited；acquired/（先天和后天）innate
cognitive/intuitive made/born
20. attribute= character=trait=merit=feature=virtue 特点；特质
21. complementary=auxiliary
22. suits = enable = entail（This job entails a lot of hard work.）
24. mechanical = unchanged
mechanical learning
Dynamic=changeable=variable；vary
Modify=change
25. distinction= fame
26. implication； connotation； suggestion； reference；
carry important implications for（短语动词）
27. accumulation = expansion = augmentation
28.literally = actually=absolutely
29. initiatives=measures
Initiatives =intention
Initiative =active
Initiative=primitive=beginning
30.endeavors=efforts
31.Doubt= deny= don‘t believe
33. 经济下滑，衰退
slowing economy/softening economy/stagnant economy/economic recession/economic decline
/economic stagnation （stagnant）/depression/slowdown
34.symptoms =negative example
35.frames = body
36.grasp = understanding
37.reshape= remold
38.entitle :we are entitled to some privileges./Some privileges are given to us ./Some privileges are conferred on us.

4. 其他：
although->albeit/notwithstanding 尽管(conj.)
because->in that->since->seeing 因为(conj.)
but->nonetheless/nevertheless 然而；但是(conj.)
through->in term of/via 通过(prep.)
to sum->to summarize/in conclusion 总之；最后

表示“地位” ：status, rank
表示“偏见” ：bias, prejudice, discrimination, inequality
表示“组成” 同义表达：constitute, be made from/of, include, consist of
表示“导致” ：result in, cause, lead to
表示“发行”：issue, release, distribute, launch
表示“授予” ：grant, award
表示“结果” ：result, consequent, outcome, turn out to
表示“交易” ：deal, trade, exchange, transaction
表示“能力” ：ability, capability, potential, power
表示“结束” ：fulfill, finish, accomplish, carryout, achieve, complete
表示“语言” ：verbally, language, words, lingual
表示“精确” ：accuracy, precision
表示“以前” ：previous, former, latter, prior to
表示“加强，促进” ：promote, facilitate, enhance, reinforce
表示“前景，未来”：prospect, future, expectation, outlook
表示“顾客” ：customer, client, consumer, guest
表示“暂停、延期” ：suspend, phase back, put off, stop, postpone, delayed
表示“信息” ：information, message, data, figure, statistics
表示“公司” ：enterprise, firm, company, corporation
表示“故意” ：deliberately, intentionally, purposely, on/in purpose
表示“冷漠” ：indifferent, neutral, carefree, detached(超然 )
表示“抱怨” ：complain, moan, groan
表示“吸引” ：appeal, attract, fascinate, tempt, absorb
表示“赶上” ：catch up with, keep up with
表示“对手” ：rival, equal, comparative, competitor, opponent, adversary, enemy
表示“谨慎” ：prudent, cautious
表示“有利” ：be beneficial to, be useful to

Skills:
同义替换法/词性转换法/语态改变法/句式转换法/压缩长句法

分析：
Recently, a wild fish restaurant was ordered to shut down in Harbin, northeast China's Heilongjiang Province. As a result, the owner of the restaurant faced a fine of 500,000 yuan.
Chen Yan, a tourist from Changzhou, east China's Jiangsu Province, complained online on February 12 that he was being overcharged 10,000 yuan for three big fish at a local wild fish restaurant in Songbei District of Harbin. Worse still, he claimed that his family members were beaten and threatened by the restaurant staff when he questioned the bill at the checkout.
Chen's complaint immediately spread on China's social media. The investigation results by some local government departments showed that the restaurant had no fault, since they had already tagged the price, which raised doubt among netizens again.
Further investigation showed that one type of the fish served, Huso, was not the real wild species, but a kind of farmed fish at a much lower price. Since the prices of the fish did have violated the rights of consumers, the restaurant got its due punishment. Meanwhile, relevant government departments that have stood by the side of the restaurant in the first place would also be investigated and punished.
Similar cases of fraudulent pricing at scenic spots have also been reported elsewhere in China. In October 2015, for instance, a tourist was overcharged for a course of shrimp in the coastal city of Qingdao, east China's Shandong Province, when the restaurant claimed the quoted price of 38 yuan was not for the dish, but for each shrimp! Authorities say that these illegal actions will be severely punished.

Your Answer: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.Recently, a wild fish restaurant was ordered to shut down in Harbin and faced a heavy fine.
____________________________________________________________________________.

2. Chen Yan complained he was being overcharged and were beaten and threatened by the restaurant staff. Chen's complaint immediately spread on China's social media.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

3.The restaurant got its due punishment and relevant government departments would also be investigated and punished.
_______________________________________________________________________________

4.Similar cases have also been reported elsewhere and authorities say that these illegal actions will be severely punished. _____________________________________________________________________________

Summary Writing

常见的同义替换：
1. 动词(词组)：
absorb->assimilate 吸收
agree partly->agree with reserve 有保留地赞同
arouse->ignite/stimulate/spur/motivate 引起；鼓励
change->alter 改变
consider->take into account 考虑
devote to->dedicate to 把……奉献于；专注于
emphasize->accentuate 强调
expect->anticipate 期望；预期
explain->interpret/illustrate 解释；说明
get into chaos->with chaos ensuing 陷入混乱
join->participate 参加；参与
lead to->contribute to/ conduce to/result in 导致；产生…… 结果
limit->stress/hinder/hamper 限制阻止；阻碍
operate->manipulate 操作；操纵
provide->lend->offer 提供；给予
publicize->propagandize 宣传；公布
sway->vacillate 影响；摇摆，使摇摆
think->contemplate/muse/meditate/retrospect 思考；考虑；想起
thrive->palmy(a.)/flourishing(v./a.)/prosperity(n.)
undermine->sap/enervate/debilitate 破坏；使衰弱，衰竭
use->employ/utilize 使用；利用
want->intend to/tend to/be inclined to 希望；倾向于
want to->desire 想要

2. 形容词/副词：
first->primarily 首先(ad.)
hardly->merely->barely 几乎不(ad.)
hurt->vulnerable 受伤 ；易受攻击
inevitable-indispensable 必然 ；不可缺少
in fact->actually/virtually 事实上；实际上(ad.)
key->crucial/vital/consequential 关键 ；重要
large->miraculous/marvelous 大 ；不可思议 (表程度)
maybe->probably 也许；大概(ad.)
more and more->increasing/growing 越来越多
obvious->conspicuous 明显 ；显著
old->ancient 老 ；古老
proper->apposite 适当 ；合适
persuasive->thorough/sound/specific/convincing 有说服力
true->accurate 正确 ；准确
vague->unwarranted/oversimplified 模糊
well-known->outstanding 著名
more often than not = often
He more often than not comes here.

3. 名词(词组)：
bias->prejudice/discriminate 偏见；歧视
big city->metropolis 大都市
chance->alternative 机会；选择
character->trait/individuality/personality 品质；特性；个性
child->juvenile 孩子；青少年
clash->conflict/collision冲突
custom->convention/tradition 传统；习俗
delegate->representative 代表
detail->specific 细节
lawmaking->legislation 立法
offspring->descendant 后代；子孙
value->merit 价值
附：
1. purchasing power of incomes
Maximize their incomes = increase the purchasing power of incomes
4 property = real estate
5. precision = accuracy
4. Thinking ability = critical thinking =creative= innovation
5. reasoning = logical thought =thought
6. popular culture= common culture
7. cultural power= assimilating power
10. judge = Justice （必考含义）“法官”
11. apprehension （必考含义） = worry
apprehensiveability 理解能力
12. mind = people= individual
13. faith=confidence 信心
14. drug= medicine
15. dismiss 斥责= rebuke=criticize
16. tap 开发 tap the market = explore the market = expand the market
18. entail =make= cause
19. nature；nurture/ born； made /inherited；acquired/（先天和后天）innate
cognitive/intuitive made/born
20. attribute= character=trait=merit=feature=virtue 特点；特质
21. complementary=auxiliary
22. suits = enable = entail（This job entails a lot of hard work.）
24. mechanical = unchanged
mechanical learning
Dynamic=changeable=variable；vary
Modify=change
26. distinction= fame
26. implication； connotation； suggestion； reference；
carry important implications for（短语动词）
27. accumulation = expansion = augmentation
28.literally = actually=absolutely
29. initiatives=measures
Initiatives =intention
Initiative =active
Initiative=primitive=beginning
30.endeavors=efforts
31.Doubt= deny= don‘t believe
33. 经济下滑，衰退
slowing economy/softening economy/stagnant economy/economic recession/economic decline
/economic stagnation （stagnant）/depression/slowdown
34.symptoms =negative example
35.frames = body
36.grasp = understanding
37.reshape= remold
38.entitle :we are entitled to some privileges./Some privileges are given to us ./Some privileges are conferred on us.

4. 其他：
although->albeit/notwithstanding 尽管(conj.)
because->in that->since->seeing 因为(conj.)
but->nonetheless/nevertheless 然而；但是(conj.)
through->in term of/via 通过(prep.)
to sum->to summarize/in conclusion 总之；最后

表示“地位” ：status, rank
表示“偏见” ：bias, prejudice, discrimination, inequality
表示“组成” 同义表达：constitute, be made from/of, include, consist of
表示“导致” ：result in, cause, lead to
表示“发行”：issue, release, distribute, launch
表示“授予” ：grant, award
表示“结果” ：result, consequent, outcome, turn out to
表示“交易” ：deal, trade, exchange, transaction
表示“能力” ：ability, capability, potential, power
表示“结束” ：fulfill, finish, accomplish, carryout, achieve, complete
表示“语言” ：verbally, language, words, lingual
表示“精确” ：accuracy, precision
表示“以前” ：previous, former, latter, prior to
表示“加强，促进” ：promote, facilitate, enhance, reinforce
表示“前景，未来”：prospect, future, expectation, outlook
表示“顾客” ：customer, client, consumer, guest
表示“暂停、延期” ：suspend, phase back, put off, stop, postpone, delayed
表示“信息” ：information, message, data, figure, statistics
表示“公司” ：enterprise, firm, company, corporation
表示“故意” ：deliberately, intentionally, purposely, on/in purpose
表示“冷漠” ：indifferent, neutral, carefree, detached(超然 )
表示“抱怨” ：complain, moan, groan
表示“吸引” ：appeal, attract, fascinate, tempt, absorb
表示“赶上” ：catch up with, keep up with
表示“对手” ：rival, equal, comparative, competitor, opponent, adversary, enemy
表示“谨慎” ：prudent, cautious
表示“有利” ：be beneficial to, be useful to

Skills:
同义替换法/词性转换法/语态改变法/句式转换法/压缩长句法

分析：
Recently, a wild fish restaurant was ordered to shut down in Harbin, northeast China's Heilongjiang Province. As a result, the owner of the restaurant faced a fine of 500,000 yuan.
Chen Yan, a tourist from Changzhou, east China's Jiangsu Province, complained online on February 12 that he was being overcharged 10,000 yuan for three big fish at a local wild fish restaurant in Songbei District of Harbin. Worse still, he claimed that his family members were beaten and threatened by the restaurant staff when he questioned the bill at the checkout.
Chen's complaint immediately spread on China's social media. The investigation results by some local government departments showed that the restaurant had no fault, since they had already tagged the price, which raised doubt among netizens again.
Further investigation showed that one type of the fish served, Huso, was not the real wild species, but a kind of farmed fish at a much lower price. Since the prices of the fish did have violated the rights of consumers, the restaurant got its due punishment. Meanwhile, relevant government departments that have stood by the side of the restaurant in the first place would also be investigated and punished.
Similar cases of fraudulent pricing at scenic spots have also been reported elsewhere in China. In October 2015, for instance, a tourist was overcharged for a course of shrimp in the coastal city of Qingdao, east China's Shandong Province, when the restaurant claimed the quoted price of 38 yuan was not for the dish, but for each shrimp! Authorities say that these illegal actions will be severely punished.

练习：
1.R