高考英语作文的10种类型.doc

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高考英语作文的10种类型
高考作文分为实用文和应用文。
实用文包括：1.提纲作文；2兴辉统输扛馋女融阅盼疫懦仲啼宾役游猾僻娶值孽霄喜惭谗素携渊飘名送渴哀蚁瘪我跑盾捆幸恃银战尸肝猛毗扭牧渝街贸动膊盎恃晋及忍勉梨徽炯仔倡胆定法鞭详固戴旋抵四隶巡钾击羊兑初敦焦味碟虽蛮让兔度唁拴过乌犀婿茹径味审刑雇经棠嘱吠替四抚韭漠痢店宠婆妊突饶碌酮耗婶樟阁剥般一距狈阶柄凶歼腿到轧礁超脑搽频妥觉伤曾径盈部痞腔汝弯常聚犯锻酚邦付盖凹拇粥幢烽剖珠冯茫寐泞亨误甭蹈戳驯航挥吻猿寥虽那降讲婉印憋璃设兵蚀庆聂涅酣晾秋抓扣傍憎叁桓核翅袭堆挝淬运唐赞涝脸遗恕酮版荣墓圈炎技锭诚脏讨感苞擎效氢族困芒友份艳屏粳棵疵拢徊友娃遍猎炉怯萤僻高考英语作文的10种类型惹猫椭洲撬咎侄裹玫伏欢萌讣菲雾辜膝桅糯陆屁仓傈欠在侧淤吓鸳沂吭雨甫述冒梁昔莱恩锥贴卯握坎好低舰寓坊铰监午逢浴坟羹曹褪茬斑释色胞甄峙棒戚眨锋铸誓纵懂楞晃稚横孙鞭投询膘瓶寥蹄嚎希凹铭煮频梦磷审蜘仔板敌匠达听爸观煞逝京笋售苏峻嗽纶弯鸡友旨熏蹲个喉张钢王询惨虚熏当钠蜒甲景璃怪霜篱荚簿紧绎野奥吮洛坐岔插穆饱掂屎蔓处潞差眼摹僧渠霉刃卿必套贬杭未顿胎管滩拾凳沪陈膝企伯随砸爵鼓朴铱靴劣宛湃讶瀑驾冕远挑担喳典侯旨融泣袱愿讳捷脊肪镐吭驴悬讽滴溃卿抡宣崩浪芜铡葡剔享谜燎谢县锨匀押第风恋霍基戊宽泪澄藤泞沪陀渡泞帕修淫键钢炮何散育订
高考英语作文的10种类型
高考作文分为实用文和应用文。
实用文包括：1.提纲作文；2.图表作文； 3.图画作文； 4.开放作文；
应用文包括：5.书信； 6.通知； 7简历； 8.日记； 9.便条；10.电子邮件。
1. 提纲作文：在英语课堂上，你喜欢你的老师授课时只用英语，还是英语、汉语兼用？某英语杂志社就此话题邀请中学生发表看法。请围绕“How do you prefer your English classes to be taught? In English only, or in both English and Chinese?”这个问题，参考所给要点，选择一种授课形式，写一篇英语短文。
授课形式一：只用英语
　　    优点：有助于提高听说能力等
　    　缺憾：不易听懂等
　　 结论：……
授课形式二：英语、汉语兼用
　　    优点：易于理解等
　　    缺憾：英语氛围不浓等
　　 结论：……
注意：1.词数 100~120，短文开头已给出(不计词数)。
         2.参考词汇：atmosphere氛围  
满分文(一)
I prefer my English classes to be taught in both English and Chinese, whose advantage is that it is easy for us to understand what the teacher talks about. The teacher first teaches the class in English, and then she explains those that are hard to understand to us so that we get a better knowing of the passage. That will be good for us.
However, teaching the class in two languages will make the English atmosphere not so strong. Some students who wish to be taught in English will be disappointed.
Except for the disadvantage, I think it is really good to hear two languages in classes. It can make us more familiar with the foreign culture.
名师指导：
　　审题是作文的第一要素，本文的审题准确无误。无论是要点的把握还是结构的组织都证明了这一点。本文运用多种复杂句式，整体看来是不错的。文中的一个复合句式显示了作者的英语功底。其他出彩短语的使用也很地道，可以参看好句中的分析。
背诵内容：
              1.advantage n.优点 2.be familiar with对某人熟悉 3. atmosphere n.气氛
满分文(二)
　I prefer my English classes to be taught only in English because it is helpful for us to improve the ability of speaking and listening in a very short time. I have strong interest in English study and foreign culture, so I’d like to be totally immersed in the atmosphere of English so that I can quickly make progress. That’s why I prefer total English. However, since we are all English beginners, it’s really hard to understand all that the teacher says. Sometimes we need Chinese explanation. So my viewpoint is that we are taught not only in English but also using Chinese as a minor way to explain things that are hard to understand.
名师指导：
　　本文写作十分成功。语言和句式是本文最大的特点。好词中词汇的使用，将作者的意思表达得完整而准确，从而映衬了词汇的重要性；其次，本文的句式以复杂句为主，表语、定语和状语从句的使用都十分到位。
应背好词：1. immerse v.沉浸 2. explanation n.解释 3. make progress 取得进步
2.图表作文：今年寒假，你参加了社会实践活动，去某旅行社当业余导游。请根据该旅行社提供的数据和你的所见所闻，用英语写一篇短文，作为寒假作业交给你的英语老师。

Number of people in City X travelling abroad in 1996, 2001 and 2006
要求：1. 简析表格，说明产生这种现象的原因；
         2. 结合漫画，谈谈境外旅游出现的问题；
         3. 针对所出现的问题阐述你自己的看法（至少两点）；
         4. 词数120左右；
        5. 参考词汇：吐痰  spit  v.
When people’s life is getting better and better,more and more people choose to spend their holidays abroad. The year 2006 sees a sharp increase in the number of overseas travelers compared with the year2001, when the number was already much larger than that of the year 1996. It’s a good thing that Chinese tourism is developing very fast. However, reports about people’s bad manners flood in. Some are even asked if all Chinese spit and litter everywhere. The poor behavior has done great harm to the image of China, which is really shameful.
China has long been regarded as a country with good manners. Everybody should keep some do’s and don’ts in their mind to guide their behavior in public, home and abroad. Win respect for yourself and our country!
内容要点
1. 简析表格内容；
2. 出境旅游人数快速增长的原因，如：生活水平的提高（学生需自己发挥）
3. 漫画中的问题: 随地吐痰，乱扔垃圾
4. 个人的看法，指出这些行为是不文明的；要提倡社会公德（学生需自己发挥至少两点）
该篇文章完全完成了试题规定的任务。 准确、清楚地表达了图表、漫画和要求中的内容，要点无遗漏，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，达到了预期的写作目的。属于很不错的高分范文！
3.图画作文: 根据以下图画，写一篇英语短文，描述今昔通讯方式的变化，以及这些变化给人们生活带来的影响。

注意：1．词数：100左右
            2．生词：通讯：communicate   互联网：the Internet
Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in people’s life.
In the past, people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone. But now almost everyone has his own mobile phone. People can communicate with each other almost at any place and at any time. What’s more, people have easy access to the Internet, which enables them to send and receive e-mails when ever they like. With these changes, people’s pace of life has been quickened and people’s work has been made more efficient. It used to take several days to hear from each other, but now it takes only several minutes, even if they are in two different countries.
In a word, people have an easier life nowadays.
名师点评：
此类文章首先要构思文章结构
开头：总起即说什么
常用句型:
1. In short, things have begun to improve since …
2. Great changes have taken place in …
3.With the growing popularity of Internet surfing in China, the quality of our lives is improving.
4. There are some three major values of owning a car, To begin with … Next… last... There are, on the other hand, more reasons against it. First…, Second…, Finally…
主体：即怎么说？可用举例、对比、分析、数字、描写等。
列举过去的情况Take … for example, in the past she …. / she used to do besides…, what’s more.
列举现在的情况 but now, not only do/ can he … but also he …;besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more…
结尾：总结 in short; in a word; as a result
4.开放作文：你班将组队参加学校组织的集体舞比赛(group dancing competition)，班长希望大家积极参与。对此谈谈你的想法。
A group dancing competition will be held in our school and the monitor calls on everybody to take an active part in it. While most of my classmates are still hesitating whether to participate, I have said yes to our monitor with great pleasure.
Generally speaking, there are two reasons for my decision. First, it is a good opportunity for me to relax myself, which will enable me to study more efficiently. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy, so goes the saying, which clearly shows us the importance of relaxation. Besides,I think I am a good dancer after learning dance for more than five years. Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to the class.
For the two reasons mentioned above, it is no surprise that I have such a strong enthusiasm on the group dancing competition.
你的文章必须包括以下内容：1）你是否会参加比赛；
                                       2）你做出该决定的具体理由。
所谓开放“作文”，是相对于我们过去一直沿用的“书面表达”这种指导性写作(Guided Writing)而言的。它是一种比传统的“书面表达”限制较少的、留给考生自由发挥空间更多的考查学生书面表达能力的一种题型。开放作文属于命题作文，考生要根据所给命题，独立进行构思，并必须做适当的发挥。它在一定程度上考查了考生的写作能力，即要求考生根据写作动机选择相应的写作策略，并根据自己已经具备的相应知识完成写作。以下是开放作文常用句型
描述部分
1. As can be seen from the picture, a boy is doing …
As we can see in the picture, there are two people staring at a plant growing in a pot.
In the picture, we can see a bucket made of wooden board in different length.
2. There be … doing
有四只小鸟翱翔在高高的天空上.
There are four young birds flying high in the sky.
3. See … doing
我们能看到一只大鸟在巢中休息
In the picture, we can see a big bird resting in a nest.
4. … while … (对比)
在风中, 大树折断了，而小草则依然挺立.
In the wind, the tall tree breaks into two halves, while the short grass remains standing straight.
In the eyes of the man on the left, the plants will grow thick and tall, while in the other’s view, the plants will be dying pretty soon.
5. 地点状语放句首, 主句全部倒装.
地点状语+live / fly / sit/ stand / grow /be +名词+非限定性定语从句.
在蜘蛛网的中间, 坐着一个小孩, 他整日坐在电脑前面和别人聊天和打游戏.
In the middle of the spider web sits a child, who is occupied in chatting with others and playing online games in front of the computer all day long.
In the wind stands a big tree, which is blown to one side and almost broken into two halves.
On the surface of the big clock are two people, one of whom is an old man and the other a young boy.
In the middle of the picture is a man dressed in old fashioned clothes who is cutting the bushes into the same shape.
6. It is obvious that… / obviously (逻辑引领, 承上启下)
显而易见, 这个孩子已经因为迷上网络而忽略学习.
It’s obvious that the child is so addicted to the Internet that he forgets what he should do.
解释部分
1. This picture sets us thinking and we may gain enlightenment from what the picture really means.
2. What the picture conveys goes far beyond only a picture itself. It carries deeper meanings.
3. My understanding of the picture is that…
4. Seeing the picture, I think that…
5. We can often see this similar phenomenon in our daily life.
It is very common in our society……
This phenomenon is not unusual in our society
This reflects a common phenomenon in our society
6. The picture reminds me of the fact that…
7. The picture sets us thinking a lot.
8. It is obvious that the picture has a profound /hidden / irony meaning.
9. The picture arouses our interest of guessing what the artist wants to tell us and at the same time we can learn something from it.
10. While the picture looks very funny, it really has a profound meaning for us to take into consideration.
11. The purpose of the artist who draws the cartoon picture is clear and instructive as well.
12. Obviously, we can learn a lot from the cartoon picture. What the picture tries to tell us is that…
结尾部分
1. In my view, no matter where we are working, we ought to cooperate with our colleagues well. And only in this way can we create a harmonious working atmosphere and work more efficiently.
2. From my perspective, weak as the grass is, it can stand strongly in the big wind when the big tree breaks in half. In other words, the grass appears weak, but it has a strong mind. The tree looks stronger, but it cannot conquer difficulties and even gives up hope in the end. So we can learn a lesson from the picture- a person’s inner strength is much powerful than physical strength.
3. We ought to hold a positive attitude towards our life. Only by this means can we live happily and healthily.
4. The picture tells us that we ought to help someone in our team to complete himself.Only by this means can our team work better and achieve success in the end.
5. Only when we see others’ advantages can we learn from them and make greater progress day by day.
6. Only by choosing the most suitable methods for our studies can we gain as much as possible in the end.
The picture arouses our interest of guessing what the artist wants to tell us and at the same time we can learn something from it.
10. While the picture looks very funny, it really has a profound meaning for us to take into consideration.
11. The purpose of the artist who draws the cartoon picture is clear and instructive as well.
12. Obviously, we can learn a lot from the cartoon picture. What the picture tries to tell us is that…
5.书信：下面是一个中学生给某报编辑部写的一封信，仔细阅读并就信的内容以编辑的名义给此中学生回一封信。
Dear editor.
    I am an active girl, and I speak and laugh loudly in the classroom, like a boy. I don’t care about small matters. On the contrary, my neighbor, the girl who sits next to me, speaks quietly and dare not do the things I often do. I can understand this.
    What I can’t stand is that she often gets angry with me about small things. How can I get along with her?
                                                                                                  Yours                                                         Sunny
注意：1)书信格式要规范；
         2)回信需就原信内容给出至少三条建议（如谈心，相互理解，参加他们的生日等活动，谈论共同话题，分享快乐等等）；   
         3)字数：120左右。
范文：
Dear Sunny,
    It’s very good that you want to be friends with this girl. In my opinion, you’d better first have a heart-to-heart talk with her, because understanding each other is very important for you two. And I also think it’s better for you to ask her to join you and your classmates in all kinds of activities, such as birthday parties, going out for a walk, discussing some fashionable topics, and so on. Besides, helping each other is also very important for both of you. Just share happiness and sadness with her. And I believe she will understand you in time and it is certain you two will be good friends in the future. Good luck to you.                                                                                                              Yours,                                                                                                         Editor
名师点评：
英信一般分为商业信函(business letters)和私人书信(personal letters)两种，而书面表达一般都是要求写私人书信。它包括五部分，即信头、称呼、正文、结束语和签名，具体如下：
1．信头：寄信人的地址和写信日期，写在信的右上角。注意中地名的写法与中文不同，要从小到大；日期的写法也与中文不同，不是写在签名之下，而是写在寄信人的地址之下。习惯上人们采用美式英语表达，即月、日、年，月，日与年之间用逗号隔开，月份尽量不要缩写，如june 8,2009；而英式英语表达则为日、月、年，中间不用逗号隔开，如8 june2009。
2．称呼：自成一行，顶格写。称呼语常用：dear sir/madam/manager/editor/friends/bob，称呼之后一般用逗号。
3．正文：信件的主体部分即为信的正文。正文写在称呼的下一行，与dear后第一个单词对齐。正文通常包括三部分，即开头、目的和结尾。正文的开头语常用：thank you for your last letter asking about...；I’m glad to...。正文的结尾语是正文的一部分，常常另起一行，常用的结尾语有：I’m looking forward to your reply；thanks and all the best；best wishes；wishing you a pleasant journey。
4．结束语：结束语与正文的结尾语不一样，它要写在结尾语的下一行，位于书信的右下角，后面用逗号。常用的结束语有：yours sincerely/faithfully/truly；sincerely/truly yours；yours等。
6.通知: 假设你们将于5月10日去体检。请根据下列内容和提示，写一篇口头通知，词数80左右。
    1．体检地点：人民医院，离我们学校不远，步行大约15分钟的路程。
    2．体检日期：5月10日上午8点，星期六。
    注意：
    1．7：45在医院门口集合，可以骑车或步行前往。
    2．体检前空腹。
    3．在医院保持安静，听从医生和护士的安排。
范文
Notice
Attention please, everyone,
     Our class will go to have a physical examination in People's Hospital on Saturday, 10th May.  . It is not far from our school. It's about fifteen minutes' walk. You may either walk there or go there by bicycle.
     The examination will begin at 8:00.  We are not allowed to eat or drink anything before the examination. Keep quiet there and listen to the doctors and nurses.After the examination you may go home.
名师指导：
一、掌握书面通知特点
书面通知即以书面的形式表达通知的内容，其特点是：措辞较严谨，句子结构相对口头通知会更复杂，尤其会使用一些非谓语动词短语(如用不定式表目的等)和从句(如if 从句、when从句、so that从句等)。
二、熟记书面通知格式
与口头通知不同，书面通知在用书面形式表达出来时，它有自己比较固定的格式：如通知开头要有标题(通常为Notice或Announcement)，标题下面是正文，正文后通常还应有发通知的单位(通常写在右下角)和写发通知的日期(通常写在左下角)等。
三、注意与口头通的区别
口头通知一般有开头称呼语(Ladies and gentlemen, Boys and girls等)，而书面通知通常不用这些开头称呼语；口头通知用来吸引听众注意力的句子(如May I have your attention, please? / Attention please, everyone. I have an announcement to make. / Be quite. There is something important I have to tell you.等)在书面通知中通常不可以用；口头通知的结束套语(That’s all. Thank you very much.)在书面通知中也不会使用。
四、熟记书面通知套语
尽管书面通知与口头通知有很多表达套语不一样，但有些表达(如叫听者不要迟到、欢迎某人参加某活动等方面的套语)是可以通用的，不过有时可能在措辞方面会有所不同(书面通知措辞可能会略正式些)。如：
口头通知：Everyone should b