高考英语阅读-主旨大意题的解题技巧教师版.doc

高考英语阅读专题之主旨大意题关于主旨大意题的高考考试说明 每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章第一个段落甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），亦会了解到作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，作者没有明示文章的主旨要义，需要读者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和概括。一、主旨大意题的命题形式这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题(title, headline)、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的写作目的(purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一道理)等。这类题的设问方式主要有：(1)The subject of the passage/paragraph is _.(2)The main idea of the passage/paragraph is _.(3)The text is mainly about _.(4)The passage mainly centers on _.(5)The passage mainly tells about _.(6)What is the subject discussed in the text?(7)What is the main idea of this passage?(8)What is the passage mainly about?(9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?(10)What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(11)Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage?(13)What would be the best title for the text?(14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage?(15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would be_(16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about _.(17)The writers purpose in writing this story is _.(18)What is the authors main purpose?(19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage?(20)The writer wrote the story in order to_.(21)What is the advice given in the text / passage / article?二、寻找主题句的方法 正确的解答这类题目的关键是准确地找出文章的主题句。那么，主题句通常在哪里呢？(1)主题句在文首；(2)主题句在文中；(3)主题句在文末；(4)主题句以首尾呼应的形式出现在文首和文末。（4）无明显主题句，需根据高频词或各段落主题句进行总结概括1. 主题句在文首Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.The main idea of the paragraph is _.2. 主题句在文中Some people like reading, and some people like swimming. I have many hobbies, such as reading, skating, and traveling. In fact, different people have different hobbies. My friend Ann studies very hard. So her hobby is reading all kinds of books. Tony loves working with her hands, and his hobby is gardening. What does this paragraph mainly talk about?3. 主题句在文末When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you should always say you are happy.What is the passage mainly about?4. 主题句首尾呼应Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? What is the main idea ?A. Smoking can cause cancer. B. Smoking is a terrible killer C. Smoking is harmful to our health. D. An experiment on smoking5. 无明显主题句根据高频词概括Everyonecanexperienceangersometimes.Butnoteveryonecancontrolitproperly. Tosomepeople,controllingangerseemslikethehardestthingintheworldtodo.Controltheseby talkingtoyourselfinyourownmind, whenyouexperienceunwantedfeeling.Bytalkingitoverinyourown headyoucanworkouthowyouwillbestdealwiththesituation.Angercontrolcanalsobeachievedby communicating with others withhonesty. Youcaneffectivelytrainyourselftorespondtosituationswithoutgettingannoyedaboutthings.Itisimportanttoremember it is possible for everyone to get angryandtherefore, controllingitistherealchallenge.What is the best title of the passage ?A. Not everyone can control anger. B. How to control anger.C. Communicating with others is helpful.D. Controlling anger is challenging根据各段主题句概括Mothers Day was coming, a man stopped at a flower shop to order some flowers to be wired(电邮给) to his mother who lived two hundred miles away. As he got out of his car, he noticed a young girl sobbing (啜泣) . He asked her what was wrong with her and she replied, “I wanted to buy a red rose for my mother. But I only have seventy-five cents, and a rose costs two dollars.”The man smiled and said, “Come on in with me. Ill buy you a rose.”After they went in, he bought a rose for the little girl and ordered flowers for his own mother. As they were leaving, he offered to ride the girl home. She said, “Yes, please! But can you take me to my mother?” “To your mother?” the man was a little puzzled but didnt say anything. She directed him to a cemetery(公墓), where she placed the rose on a freshly dug grave (新坟). The man was shocked and returned to the flower shop, canceled(取消) the wire order, picked up a bunch of flowers and drove the two hundred miles to his mothers house.What is the passage mainly about?A. Moved by the girl, the man sent his mother the flowers himself on Mothers Day.B. A man helped a girl to buy a flower for her mother.C. We should often help others.D. We should love our mothers.小练习1. Smoking in indoor public places including public working places, public transport vehicles and some other special outdoor working places has been banned (禁止) in China since January 2011.Should smoking be banned in public places?Of course,it should be. First, banning smoking will not only help in saving smokers from health problems and diseases, but willalso be good for passive smokers. Next, banning smoking will put stress on smokers to give up. Since a smoker is prevented from smoking. At last,smoking cigarettes adds to the pollution of the air,so if it isbanned, it will help in saving the environment from further deterioration(恶化).What is the main idea of the passage ?A.Smoking is bad for health. B.Smoking will increase pollution.C.Smoking should be banned.D.Smoking can cause fire.2. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course, manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices. What is the main idea?A. Economic Principles B. Law of Supply and Demand C. More Goods, Lower Prices D. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices3. Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearanceWhat does the writher want to tell us ?A. The innocent looks more guilty.B. The professional criminal looks innocent. C. A man knows everything likes to hide his weekness.D. We shouldnt judge a person only by his appearance.4. WeChat(微信) is a mobile text and voice messaging communication service developed by Tencent in China, first released in January 2011. With WeChat, we can communicate with friends by sending text messages, voice messages, we can share our photos or videos, share our location, we can even chat with lots of friends at the same time. More important, it is free for the users.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. The tools of chatting.B. We can use Wechat to chat with lots of friends.C. The functions of Wechat.D. We should often communicate with friends.5. For adults a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention. What does the paragraph mainly talk about?A. Cold is not serious for adults.B. Cold is serious for children. C. Cold has obvious symptoms.D. Cold should be cured at once.6. Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can satisfy all students at the same time. What is the main idea ?A. Some students prefer a strict teacher.B. No one teaching method can satisfy all students at the same time.C. Some students prefer to do work on their own.D. Students should respect teachers.7. Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire(轮胎) goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper(野营者) also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out. What is the main idea ?A. A flashlight is useful every day.B. A flashlight is useful in dark situations.C. Children are afraind of darkness.D. A camper needs a flashlight when the campfire is out.8. Magellans(麦哲伦) men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally, in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. Magellans deathB. Going Around the WorldC. The World Is RoundD. Magellans Voyage9. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course, manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices. What is the main idea?A.Economic Principles B.Law of Supply and Demand C.More Goods, Lower Prices D.Fewer Goods, Higher Prices10. If you are robbed, keep calm. If you cannot cry for help or run away, give the robber your money. Try to remember what the robber looks like and tell the police.If it is raining hard and there is lightning. Dont stay in high places and keep away from trees.When there is a fire, get away as fast as you can. Put wet things on your body and try and find an exit. Do not take the lift!If someone is drowning(溺水), If you cant swim, dont get into the water. Cry out for help.Remember that danger is never as far away as you think. We should take care of ourselves.What is the best title?A. Danger everywhere.B. Take care of ourselves.C. How to save othersD. Dont stay under the tree when raining.高考题汇编1. 主题句在文首 这类文章写法上的特点是：文章的第一句起着点题的作用，概括了文章的主要内容或信息，下文接着对主题句所涉及的话题进行具体的阐述。如：(全国高考题)A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students 18 boys and 2 girls had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(阶梯)out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest (竞赛)on Tuesday evening.The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just unbelievable! said a teacher from Guangdong province.Named after Chinas most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest started in 1986, one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the State Education Commission(国家教委) as the countrys biggest and best contest of its kind.This news story is mainly about _.A. when the contest started B. how the contest got its nameC. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contestD. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest【分析】这是一篇报道，文章的第一段只有两句话：“20个学生(2女18男)有充分的理由为自己感到自豪，因为他们夺得了第五届华罗庚杯数学竞赛的金奖，是4百万参赛学生中的佼佼者”，下文接着对竞赛的有关情况进行报道，因此，第一段实际上就是这篇报道的主题句。A、B、C分别只包含了报道的部分信息，显然不合题意；D选项与主题句的意思完全一致，因此是正确答案。2. 主题句在文中 这类文章写法上的特点是：开始部分是引题，接着是点题，最后是对主题进行叙述，主题句常常起着承上启下的作用。如：(全国高考题)Fat on human beings is distributed in different ways. Some fat people have a large stomach and no waistlinewhich makes them look round, rather like apples. Others are fatter below the waist, which makes them appear pear-shaped.There are two types of fat: external fat (fat under the skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the pears have less internal fat, but the apples have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the health problems.The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that dieting (节食) simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.The text is mainly about _.A. fatness and health B. ways to lose weigh C. peoples figures D. distribution of fat【分析】该文的第一段交代了脂肪在体内的分布状况；第二段交代了脂肪的种类及不同种类的脂肪与健康之间的关系；第三段讲的是减肥应该减掉哪一类脂肪以及节食存在的问题。很明显，第二段，特别是第二段的第二句，起着承上启下的作用，是该文的主题句。A选项符合主题句的意思，应该是正确答案；B选项与文章的意思无关；可以排除；C、D选项分别只与文章的部分信息有关，也可以排除。3. 主题句在文末 这种写法的特点是：在叙述完某件事情或某个话题之后，用一句话交代事情的结果或对前面的叙述进行归纳。如：(广东高考题) In 1901, H.G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explorers (探险者) landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the moon people they met. In turn, the moon people” exp