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英国文学史资料British Writers and Works
I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
2、 e.g. Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵） Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement:
3、 expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400 (首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. It is ____alone who, for the first time in En
4、glish literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的，广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A ) A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gower writing style: wisdom, h
5、umor, humanity.
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6、en Knight Beowulf II The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th
7、century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival: 1. new discoveries in geography and astrology 2. the religious reformation and economic expansion 3. rediscovery of ancient Ro
8、man and Greek culture The most famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson. 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599 （后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The poets’ poet. The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbey 12. Which of the following statements is not the reason
9、 for that Edmund Spenser is famous for “the poet’s poet”? ( B )
A. Spenser’s idealism B. his struggle for criteria
C. his love of beauty D. his exquisite melody
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10、omantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.
Artistic features:
1. Using Spenserian Stanza
Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter.
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11、loss of Rosalind.
③
12、t English essayist.n
Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason.
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13、nd different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.
4. Ben Jonson
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14、gave new vigor to ____ with his “mighty lines” ( D )
A. the Petrarchan sonnet B. sestina
C. terza rima D. blank verse
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15、616l
① Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII
②Four Comedies:
16、re Sonnet :154
17、失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）
①Epics:
18、ian sonnet.
Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.
2. John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688
（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）
Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)
①Religionary Allegory: 19、Progress>天路历程n
3. John Donne
the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).
Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）
Artistic features:
1. conceits 20、or imagery奇思妙喻
2. syllogism三段论
① Meditations 沉思录
The Flea 虱子
② Songs And Sonnets
Holy Sonnets
③Valediction: 21、r, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy
The Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)
小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary 22、 form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)
Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)
1. Alexander Pope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744
（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）
As a representative of the Enlightenment， Pope was one of 23、 the first to introduce rationalism to England....
Eg. Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England? ( C )
A. John Bunyan B. Daniel Defoe C. Alexander Pope D. Jonathan Swift
① 24、features:
1.Using “heroic couplets”
② 25、irist。）
① 26、 Daniel Defoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731
（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）l
He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.
① 27、or and the Puritan.
Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.
It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years ther 28、e and finally gets relieved and returns to England.
② 29、 the modern novel its structure and style.
① novels:
30、England>堂吉柯德在英国n
6. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
① poems:
31、~1827
① 32、 peace and purity
Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence
③ 33、ed Rose>一朵红红的玫瑰n
③ 34、nd end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death.
Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual’s mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)
In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry s 35、hould be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.
Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).
“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.
William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey
1. Willia 36、m Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850
（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。 The Lake Poets）
① 37、 2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.
Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophic 38、al ideas and mystical thoughts.
③ Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey
④ The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女
② 39、atures: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory
④ 40、l
“Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles.
① 41、Drama： 42、ress his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowi 43、ng life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.
Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each with a closin 44、g couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.
Artistic features:
Using rerza rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc ded efe …)
45、•济慈1795~1821
(“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。)
① Four great odes: 46、es the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.
Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poem' 47、s three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.
6. Jane Austen简•奥斯丁1775~1817l
She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire.
① 48、ity>理智与感情
49、the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money.
【Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh】comic characters
50、
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