广东省2019届高三六校第二次联考英语试题.doc

2019届高三六校第二次联考
英语试题
试卷共10页，卷面满分120分，折算成135分计入总分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡的非答题区域均无效。
3. 非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡的非答题区域均无效。
4. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。

第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Montreal, Quebec is a great vacation destination with a number of annual and on-going activities and events in the area. Find a variety of area activities and attractions, lodging options and complete vacation packages conveniently online!
Winter in Montreal: Ice Skating
The skating experience starts with a guide who will bring your group to a rink (溜冰场) that is best for learning. You can rent skates, and you will be taught how to skate comfortably whether you are a beginner or an expert. The skating experience lasts 3 hours and an extra hour when you are allowed to take pictures and truly enjoy the rink experience.
Montreal Tower Observatory
This 4-hour tour will take guests to the tallest inclined tower in the world, complete with an added tour of the botanical garden. You’ll notice that the city is actually quite beautiful especially from such a tall building. If you are bringing children along they will get a kick out of how unique the structure of the building is in the skyline of this big city. The trip to the top takes only approximately 2 minutes.
Flavors of Old Montreal Walking Tour
This is a 1.5-hour food walking tour. You’ll basically explore all of old Montréal and you will see a place that has a rich culture and rich history. You will see what it was like in the olden days. You will see the life of the first and only French province in Canada. You will eat delicious foods like cheese, macaroons, and even more. Montreal Half-Day Bike Tour
Montreal half-day bike tour is family friendly which lasts almost 3 hours. This ride is acceptable for any skill level and any age. There are three routes to choose from including the city tour, the Vista architecture tour and the city of contrast tour. Each course will have a tour guide who will introduce the sightseeing during the trip.
1. How long does it probably take a tourist to experience the skating?
A. 2 hours. B. 3 hours. C. 4 hours. D. 5 hours.
2. What can you do on the tour of Montreal Tower Observatory?
A Take the fast trip to the top of the tower.
B. See some precious plants from a bird view.
C. Enjoy the beauty of the city in the botanical garden.
D. Teach the unique structure of the building to your children.
3. Which tour will you choose if you want to spend a weekend with your parents?
A. Winter in Montreal: Ice Skating.
B. Montreal Tower Observatory.
C. Flavors of Old Montreal Walking Tour.
D. Montreal Half-Day Bike Tour.
B
You have heard the words “that which does not kill you makes you stronger”. I have found it true. But I also believe in the philosophy that we are not defined (定义) by what happens to us, but by what we do when things happen to us.
Some friends think we have had far more than our share of bad things occur, but I don’t think bad things are shared. They are events that occur as the result of many aspects, sometimes far past our control or even knowledge of them. I am also a firm believer in the laws of unintended consequences — one event causes things that are quite unexpected, sometimes positive, sometimes not.
So as I considered the question of “What motivates me?” and sought an answer, it struck me that I simply refuse to be defeated. I won’t let life or events tear me down to the point at which I am no longer me, or simply stop being.
In 2008, I battled three types of cancer, had four cancer operations, the firm I worked for closed without notice, my wife was in a horrible car accident, got laid off from her company, the economy devastated our life savings, … and that was for starters.
We also lost two family members and my closest friend. He was the last person I would expect to pass away out of our friends. But a disease took hold of him 9 years earlier. His memorial service was filled with love, and many of us told about his joy of life, humor, his achievements, and the challenges he had overcome in his life — which were many and painful. He would not be defeated in his life either.
Today, my wife and I are hand-in-hand, continuing trying to live our lives with dignity, although living it differently from the end of 2007.
4. Which of the following does the author most agree with?
A. We should take our share of bad things.
B. One event may cause many unexpected results.
C. Many bad things could have been prevented by us.
D. Humans are sometimes defined by their surroundings.
5. Which of the following can best describe the author’s experience in 2008?
A. A bad beginning makes a bad ending. B. He who laughs last laughs best.
C. Misfortunes never come alone. D. No pains, no gains.
6. What does the underlined word “devastated” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Destroyed. B. Increased. C. Supported. D. Included.
7. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To complain. B. To advertise.
C. To encourage. D. To explain.
C
Chris Mazdzer won a silver medal in a men’s luge (无舵雪橇) singles event at 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, South Korea — equaling the best finish ever for any member of the US Olympic luge team. In the luge, competitors lie flat, feet first, on a small sled (雪橇). They can travel around an icy track at speeds up to 140 kilometers an hour. The riders control the sled’s speed by changing the position of their feet or by moving their shoulders.
So why did the US luge team win a medal at the Pyeongchang Olympics? Most credit must go to Chris Mazdzer himself. The American said his win was a product of 16 years of preparation and intense training. But another reason for Mazdzer’s success could have been the 3-D printing technology, which his team used to make its equipment.
The term 3-D is short for three dimensional, meaning an object with length, width and height. In 3-D printing, 3-D models are first created as files, or documents, on a computer. The printer then uses a substance (物质) like plastic or metal to create physical objects. The process involves making one layer of material at a time until the objects reach full form.
The US luge team worked with an American company called Stratasys on the designing and manufacturing process for the sleds. First, the company made a scan, or image, of the body of every member of the luge team. Then, 3-D printing technology was used to create tools for making molds (模子) in the shape of Olympians on top of a sled. The process of designing and tooling sled parts is highly complex and can take several weeks. Officials from the US luge team say 3-D printing can greatly simplify the process, speeding up the production of parts.
Jon Owen, says the use of 3-D printing has made the team more competitive. It helps the team “continuously adjust designs and run the sleds on the track much faster than traditional processes,” he said. He added that the technology also provides a way to perfectly fit each rider to the sled, while cutting production time and costs.
8. According to the author, what mainly contributed to Mazdzer’s winning the medal?
A. His own great efforts. B. His using a new technique.
C. The cooperation with his luge team. D. The US Olympic luge team’s encouragement.
9. To make the sleds for the team, what did the company have to do?
A. To create tools for making sled parts.
B. To take some photos of the members first.
C. To create molds according to the members’ bodies.
D. To ask the Olympians to be present for several weeks.
10. From the last paragraph we learn that 3-D printing most probably __________.
A. saves plenty of competitors’ training time
B. helps competitors achieve their full potential
C. requires great skills of riders to fit the track
D. allows riders to change their sleds continuously
11 What is the text mainly about?
A. How 3-D printing usually works. B. How we take advantage of 3-D printing.
C. How the US luge team performed this year. D. How 3-D printing helped Team US go for gold.
D
The Dunning-Kruger effect is a type of cognitive bias (偏见) in which people believe that they are smarter and more capable than they really are. Essentially, low ability people do not possess the skills needed to recognize their own incompetence. The combination of poor self-awareness and low cognitive ability leads them to overestimate their own capabilities. This phenomenon is something you have likely experienced in real life, perhaps at a holiday family gathering. Throughout the course of the meal, a member of your extended family begins spouting off on a topic, boldly announcing that he is correct and that everyone else’s opinion is stupid, uninformed, and just plain wrong. It may be plainly evident to everyone that this person has no idea what he is talking about, but he talks continuously, blithely oblivious (忘乎所以) to his own ignorance.
The effect is named after researchers David Dunning and Justin Kruger, two social psychologists. They found incompetent people are not only poor performers, they are also unable to accurately assess and recognize the quality of their own work. These low performers were also unable to recognize the skill and competence levels of other people, which is part of the reason why they consistently view themselves as better, more capable, and more knowledgeable than others.
This is the reason why students who earn failing scores on exams sometimes feel that they deserved a much higher score. They overestimate their own knowledge and ability and are incapable of seeing the poorness of their performance.
“In many cases, the incompetent are often blessed with an inappropriate confidence, encouraged by something that feels to them like knowledge.” Dunning and his colleagues have also performed experiments where they ask respondents if they are familiar with terms related to subjects including politics, biology, physics, and geography. Along with genuine concepts, they added completely made-up terms. In one such study, approximately 90 percent of respondents claimed that they had at least some knowledge of the made-up terms.
So what can you do to gain a more realistic assessment of your own abilities? Instead of assuming you know all there is to know about a subject, keep digging deeper. Once you gain greater knowledge of a topic, the more likely you are to recognize how much there is still to learn. Another effective strategy involves asking others for constructive criticism. While it can sometimes be difficult to hear, such feedback can provide valuable insights into how others perceive your abilities. Even as you learn more and get feedback, it can be easy to only pay attention to things that confirm what you think you already know. In order to minimize this confirmation bias, keep challenging your beliefs and expectations and seek out information that challenges your ideas.
12. What can we learn about the Dunning-Kruger effect from the first paragraph?
A. The Dunning-Kruger effect is rare for us to confirm.
B. Incompetent people can be blind to their own ignorance.
C. Ignorance leads people to underestimate their own abilities.
D. Poor self-awareness and low cognitive ability have a close connection.
13. According to the Dunning-Kruger effect, what do incompetent people tend to do?
A. Underestimate their own skill levels.
B. Feel more realistic about their competence.
C. Recognize their own mistakes and lack of skills.
D. Fail to recognize the genuine skill of other people.
14. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A. The meaningless terms may cause respondents to feel ashamed.
B. The participants pretended to know what they actually didn’t know.
C. The aim of the experiments was to assess how smart the participants were.
D. Most of the respondents claimed they were unfamiliar with the make-up terms.
15. Which is the way to overcome the Dunning-Kruger Effect?
A. Ask people for helpful feedbacks.
B. Minimize the bias and challenges.
C. Assume that you know everything.
D. Gain confidence and trust yourself.

第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When to Say “No” to Antibiotics (抗生素)
Although they know that antibiotics kill only bacteria but not viruses and the obvious risk of antibiotic overuse to personal health, many doctors still use antibiotics when the drugs are not necessary. 16 In some serious cases, the patients with them failed to respond to any medical treatment and died within days. Therefore, several medical organizations have tried to correct antibiotic misuse by explaining when the drugs are not needed.
Ear Diseases
Earaches account for over half of ear related diseases for children. Most earaches gradually heal with no antibiotic in days, especially in children two and older. 17 In severe cases or when children under two years old experience moderate to severe pain antibiotics might be required.

Eye Diseases
Doctors often use antibiotic eye drops after treating related diseases. Macular Degeneration, for example, is an eye disease generally treated with injections or laser operation. But those drops are rarely needed after such procedures and can even damage patients’ eyes.
Lung Diseases
For older patients, particularly those who live in long-term care centers, doctors need to use antibiotics when a routine test finds bacteria in lung. 18
Throat Diseases
19 Therefore, antibiotics shouldn’t be widely used in treatments for such diseases. Only less than one third of strep throats are bacterial. If you suspect bacterial throat, get tested to find out for sure.
Another report, conducted by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, also indicates that antibiotic misuse affects at least two million people annually, killing more than 23,000. 20 Therefore, health experts urge all doctors in practice to follow the above instructions.
A. Most throat diseases are caused by viruses.
B. Just wait two days to see if symptoms disappear.
C. But if the result proves normal, the drugs won’t help.
D. In this case, antibiotics are the most effective for the old.
E. Most doctors already know it, so they say no to antibiotics.
F. Under such circumstances, limiting antibiotic misuse is a must.
G. This may develop the “superbugs”, which can’t be easily controlled.

第二部分　英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Just several days ago, a violent storm hit our community. I looked out of the window and witnessed a tree being abused by the 21 wind. The branches bent, and swayed (摇摆) back and forth, thanks to their 22 to avoid