句子成分转换的译法.pptx

第五章第五章句子成分转换的译法句子成分转换的译法v所谓句子成分转换的译法，是把句子的某一成分（如主语）译成另一成分（如宾语等）。v在多数情况下，词类转译必然导致句子成分的转译，例如：当英语的动词转译为汉语的名词或副词时，该动词的谓语部分也就相应地转移为汉语的主语、宾语或状语等。v成分转换的目的是使译文通顺，符合汉语习惯。例：vIt is because the bounding properties of one pair of electrons in the double bond are not fully saturated.直译：这是由于双键上的一对电子的键合性质是没有充分饱和的性质。更好：这是由于双键上的一对电子不具有充分饱和的键合性质。v分句主语：the bounding properties 转译为宾语；v分句定语：one pair of electrons 转译为主语；v分句状语：in the double bond 转译为定语；v分句表语：are saturated 转译为定语。5.1 主语的转译 5.1.1 转译为汉语的宾语1.被动句译为汉语的主动句时，可将原文的主语转换为宾语vWater can be shown as containing admixtures.可以证明水含有杂质。（主语宾语）2.There be 句型的转译vOrganic compounds are not soluble in water because there is no tendency to separate their molecules into ions.有机化合物不溶于水，因为水没有将它们的分子分离成离子的倾向。（主语宾语）5.1.2 转译为汉语的谓语1.当主语为动作性名词，如care,need,attention,inspection,thought,attempt,improvement等，汉译时可将其转换为汉语的谓语。vThe following definitions apply to the terms used in this specification.本说明所用的一些术语定义如下。vEvaporation emphasis is placed on concentrating a solution rather than forming and building crystals.蒸发着重于将溶液浓缩，而不是生成和析出晶体。2.转换为汉语的判断合成谓语 在英语中，当用名词作表语时，主语和表语所表达的内容往往是一致的。汉译时，主语可转换为判断合成谓语，即用判断词“是”和它后面的名词等结合起来，对主语进行判断，共同作谓语。vMatter is anything having weight and occupying space.凡具有重量和占有空间的东西都是物质。5.1.3 其它vMethane is less than half as heavy as water.甲烷的重量不到水的一半。（主语定语）vAn atom of oxygen weights 16 times as much as an atom of hydrogen.一个氧原子的质量是一个氢原子质量的16倍。（主语定语）vWhen a copper plate is put into the sulfuric acid electrolyte,very few of its atoms dissolve.当将铜板片置于硫酸电解液中时，几乎没有铜原子溶解。（主语状语）5.2 谓语的转译 vThus，an acid and a base react in a proton transfer reaction因此，酸与碱的反应是一个质子转移的反应。（谓语主语）vThe past few decades have been characterized by prodigious expansion of the organic-chemical industry.过去数十年的特征是有机化学工业得到了惊人的发展。（谓语主语）vThe melting point of alkanes are rather irregular at first,but tend to rise somewhat steadily as the molecules become larger.烷烃的熔点起初很不规则，但随着分子的增大，则有些稳步上升的趋势。（谓语宾语）5.3 宾语的转译 vTNT has high explosive power.TNT的爆炸力很大。（宾语主语）vIt is assumed that there is little if any leakage through the condensers.可以设想，电容器即使漏电，也是很少的。（宾语主语）vLight makes vision possible.有了光，才能看见东西。（宾语谓语）5.4 表语的转译 vMatter is anything that occupies space.凡占有空间的都是物质。（表语主语）vIn this sense structure analysis is common to most organic research.从这个意义上讲，结构分析普遍应用于大多数的有机研究。（表语主语）vThe formula for kinetic energy is applicable to any object that is moving.动能公式适用于任何运动的物体。（宾语主语）5.5 定语的转译 vThere are two groups of metals:pure metals and their alloys.金属有两大类：纯金属及其合金。（定语主语）vMany factors enter into equipment reliability.涉及设备可靠性的因素很多。（定语谓语）vAutomatic machine having many advantages can only do the jobs they have been“told”to do.自动化机器虽然有很多优点，但它们只能干人们“吩咐”它们要干的事。（定语状语从句）vBenzene can undergo the typical substitution reactions of halogenation,nitration,sulphonation and Friedel-Crafts reaction.苯可以进行典型的取代反应，如卤化、硝化、磺化和傅氏反应。（定语同位语）5.6 状语的转译 vWhen oxides of nitrogen are absorbed in water to give nitric acid,a chemical reaction occurs.当水吸收氮氧化物形成硝酸时，就发生了化学反应。（状语主语）vWhen a spring is tightly stretched,it is ready to do work.拉紧的弹簧随时可以做功。（状语从句主语）vTNT is simple and relatively safe to manufacture.制造TNT简单而且比较安全。（状语谓语）vIn the simplest chemical cell the electrolyte is a solution of sulfuric acid in water.在最简单的化学电池内，电解液是硫酸的水溶液。（状语定语）vThe attractive force between the molecules is negligibly small.分子间的吸引力小得可以忽略不计。（状语补语）