初中现在完成时态的讲解及习题.doc

现在完成时的讲解和练习题
一、 构成：主语 + have/has + 过去分词+其他
否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他。
疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
简略答语: (肯定)Yes, 主语 + have/has. (否定)No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.
二、 用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在
（一）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态
常与just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经）before（以前），yet（仍然，还），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今为止），up to now ,till now 等时间状语连用。如：
※副词的位置：①just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come .
②never表示否定,放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.
③ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has＋主语＋ever ＋过去分词？“…曾经……过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。 Have you ever been to the farm？
④before用于句末， The woman has never heard of that before.
⑤yet用于句末或not之后. Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.
⑥already用于肯定句, have / has之后或句末.We have already finished it.
⑦so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon.
（二）：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有：
①for＋表示一段时间的词语 I have taught English for 19 years。
②since＋表示过去时间点的词语 He has been at this school since 1986.
③since＋表示过去的时间状语从句 I have lived here since I was born.
④since＋一段时间＋ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.
三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for，since，how long, all one’s life）连用的动词必须用延续性动词（肯定句）。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。非延续性动词，又叫瞬间动词，短暂性动词如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用
Eg. I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here? He has died.
常见终止性动词和延续性动词的相应转换形式如下:
1、borrow / lend→keep, 2、buy→have, 3、finish / end→be over,
4、begin / start→be on 5、open→be open 6、 close→be closed, 7、die→be dead
8、arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to→be in /at / be here /be there,
9、leave→be away（from） 10、go to school→be in school / be a student,
11、get up→be up, 12、fall asleep→be asleep 13、fall ill→be ill
14、get to know→know, 15、lose→be lost 16、become→be 17、begin to study→study,
18、return / come back / get back→be back 19、join→be in / be a…member,
20、join the army→be in the army /be a soldier
21、receive / get a letter→have a letter 22、 catch / get a cold→have a cold
Eg. 他参军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（错）改为:
He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.
He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.

四、现在完成时中应注意的几个问题
1. have been to和have gone to的区别
have been to强调“曾经去过…”，现已不在那里，已经回来了
have gone to主要强调的是“去了…”，可能在去的途中，或在去的目的地。
2. have been to和have been in的区别
have been to强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次数”的状语。
have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语

五．现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
一般过去时

1 表示过去某个时间存在的状态或发生的动作。
2 常用的时间状语：yesterday（昨天）, last week（上周）, …ago（……以前）, just now（刚才）, Once upon a time（从前）, in 2010（在2010年）
现在完成时
1.表示从过去继续到现在的动作或状态
2.表示过去某时到现在的经验
3.表示现在刚完成的动作
4.表示现在是 “做了…”的结果
5.有过去时间就不能用现在完成时

练习题：
I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.
1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.
3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.
8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.
9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.
10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?
11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.
12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.
13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.
14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?

II. Choose the best answer.
( )1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _________what happened to him .　　
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
( )2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
　　 Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
( )3、Have you met Mr Li ___
　　 Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
( )4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
　　 Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
( )5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
　　　 —Yes . I hope it will be even __ .
　 　Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
　　 Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
( )6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
　　 Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study
　　 Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
( )7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
　　 Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
( )8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
　　 Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
( )9、—These farmers have been to the United States .
　　 —Really ? When _____ there ?
　　 Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go
　　 Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
( )10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
　　 —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
　　 Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
　　 Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
( )11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
　　 Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
( ) 12、—Do you know him well ?
　　 — Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
　　 Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
( )13、—How long have you ____ here ?
　　 —About two months .
　　 Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
( ) 14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
　　 Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun
　　 Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began
( )15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .
　　 Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
( )16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
　　 Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
( )17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
　　 Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
　　 Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
( )18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
( )19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got
C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
( )20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work
C. has lived there D. has left the university
( )21. How long have you _______ here?
A. come B. got C. arrived D. been
( )22. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.
( )23. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been B. gone C. went D. never been
( )24. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.
A. after B. since C. for D. that
( )25.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I will. I _____ her several times.
A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet
( )26. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it?
--Just 2 weeks.
A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had
( )27.--Do you know Lydia very well?
--Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned
( )28. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.
A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live
( )29. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?-- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to
( )30. --____ you ever ____ to the US? -- Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going
III. Rewrite the sentences.
1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)  I _________ _________ been to Macau before.
2. He hasn’t come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问)
______ _______ he come to school?
3. I bought a new bike just now. (用just改写)    I ____ just ____ a new bike.
4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句) We ____ ____English ____three years
5. He has never surfed, _______ _______? （改成反意疑问句）
6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _______ _______have they been here?
7. The old man _________ last year. He has _______ _______for a year. (die) （动词填空）
8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao has _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.

四、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack? He ___ his country.
2) David ________ the park just now.
3) John _______ England since he came back.
4) How long _____ they _____ this village?
5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.
6) _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.
7) I _____ this school since three years ago.
8) Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.
9) When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago.
10) Would you like to _____ to the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before.
11) Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ to the zoo.
12) He often _____ swimming.
13) _____ you ______ there last year?
14) _____ they often ______ skating in winter?

五、 用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”

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