Lesson6高级英语1件.pptx

Disappearing Through the Skylight.Contents:Generalization&RhetoricalDevices Detail Study FromPa(1-7)Detail Study FromPa(8-14)Detail Study FromPa(15-19)&Conclusion Lead-inIntroduction Of the Author&BackgroundAmericaAmericaThe The UnitedUnited Kingdom KingdomChinaChinaO.B.HardisonJr.(1928-1990)O.B.Hardison,Jr.BorninSanDiego,Californiain1928Diedin1990B.A1949M.A1950Ph.D1956Princeton&theUniversityofNorthCarolinaHebecameUniversityProfessorofEnglishatGeorgetownin1984.O.B.Hardison,Jr.numerousbooksandarticlesLyrics and Elegies(1958)：The Enduring Monument(1962)English Literary Criticism:The Renaissance(1964)Toward Freedom and Dignity:The Humanities and the Idea of Humanity(1973),Entering the Maze:Identity and Change in Modern Culture(1981)and Disappearing Through the Skylight(1980).The passage in our book is the excerpts from this book:Inthenineteenthcentury,sciencepresentednatureasagroupofobjectssetcomfortablyandsolidlyinthemiddledistancebeforetheeyesofthebeholder.IntheworkofDArcyThompson,publishedaroundtheturnofthecentury,naturehasdisappeared.Ithasbecomeasetofgeometricandmathematicalrelationsthatlieunderthesurfaceofthevisible.Today,naturehasslipped,perhapsfinally,beyondourfieldofvision.Analysisofthetext.DivisionoftheText.Structure¶graphanalysis.RhetoricalDevicesStructureanalysisSection (para1-81-8):Science is committed to the universalsScience is committed to the universals.Section (para 9-159-15):Science has shown the insubstantiality of the Science has shown the insubstantiality of the worldworld.Section (para 16-1916-19):Banks are disappearing through their own Banks are disappearing through their own skylights.skylights.Part Paras.1-2:The universalization of science(technology)results in the disappearance of history.Paras.3-6:The automobile shows very clearly this universalizing influence of science and technology.Paras.7-8:If man creates machines,machines in turn shape their creators.And the compelling force of technology to universalize cannot be resisted.Part Para 9:Machine aesthetic(审美)Para 10-11:Emphasize on the insubstantiality of the world and the skepticism of modern science.ParagraphanalysisPart Para 12-15:The disappearance of history is a form of liberation which often expressed through play,and the playfulness of science has produced game theory and virtual particles.Para 16-17:The contrast of architecture styles between the banks of the nineteenth century and todays banks.Para 18-19:It shows how far logically modern aesthetic can go.The solid banks can become almost abstract and invisible.ParagraphanalysisSummary of the main views of the authorThe central themecentral theme of“disappearance”Nature disappears History disappears The solid banks disappear.The second important idea:The universalizing tendency of science and technology“The basic concepts of science are understood,accepted and adopted by scientists all over the world”,as he puts forward.The third concept is the modern man is no longer a unique individual,and he is the product of a special environment and culture.The last statement-the disappearance of history is a form of liberation and this feeling of liberation is often expressed through play.Alogicalconclusioncanbefoundinthefinalparagraphofthiskeychapterthat“Assurelyasnatureisbeingswallowedupbythemind,thebanks,youmightsay,aredisappearingthroughtheirownskylights”.Besides expressing the central theme of the passage,the metaphorical phrase,“Disappearing Through the Skylight”,is used also specifically in this article to describe the changed appearance of modern banks which seem to be disappearing.Rhetorical devicesMetaphorRepetitionAntithesisSynecdochePersonificationRhetoricalquestion(page86para.10)Example:1.Modernartopensonaworldwhoserealityisnotoutthereinnaturedefinedasthingsseenfromamiddledistancebut“inthere”inthesoulorthemind.2.Assurelyasnatureisbeingswallowedupbythemind,thebanks,youmightsay,aredisappearingthroughtheirownskylights.lthermodynamics:mdanmk热力学lgenetics遗传学lmutationmju:tenn.(genetics)anyeventthatchangesgeneticstructure;lcorollarykrlrin.apracticalconsequencethatfollowsnaturally;e.g.Blindjealousyisafrequentcorollaryofpassionatelove.lhomogeneoushmdinisadj.consistingofthingsorpeoplethatareallthesameorallofthesametypee.g.Theunemployedarenotahomogeneousgroup.lassetsetn.Csomethingorsomeoneisusefulorhelpsapersonororganizationtobesuccessful;e.g.我们在技术领域的创造力是我们最大的资本。Ourcreativityinthefieldoftechnologyisourgreatasset.lassetsetn.Pallthethingsorpropertyacompanyorapersonownse.g.Bytheendof1989thegrouphadassetsof3.5billion.lgivenadj.1.alreadyarranged;2.thatyouhavestatedandarediscussing;particularCollocation:begiventosth/todoingsthe.g.Shesmuchgiventooutburstsoftemper.lcylinderblock气缸体，气缸柱lcarburetor汽化器ltransmission变速器lplantn.Cafactoryorplacewherepowerisproducedoranindustrialprocesstakesplacelsolutionn.Cananswerlsuccessorn.apersonorthingthatcomesaftersb/sthelseandtaketheir/itsplacelcosmopolitankzmpltnn.apersonwhohasexperienceofmanydifferentpartsoftheworldlcosmopolitankzmpltnadj.containingpeopleofdifferenttypesorfromdifferentcountries,andinfluencedbytheirculture:acosmopolitancity/resortldiscreditdskredtv.1.tomakepeoplestoprespectingsb/sth:adiscreditedgovernment/policy2.tomakepeoplestopbelievingthatsthistrue;tomakesthappearunlikelytobetruee.g.Thesetheoriesarenowdiscreditedamonglinguists.lScience is committed to the universal.Scienceisengagedinthetaskofmakingitsbasicconceptsunderstoodandacceptedbyscientistsallovertheworld.lThis is why the spread of technologymakes the world look ever more homogeneous.Thespreadoftechnologywithitsuniversalizingtendencyiswhatmakesdifferentcountriesandpeoplelookmoresimilaroridentical.lFiat workers refreshed themselves with Pepsi-Cola.FiatworkersrefreshedthemselveswiththeAmericansoftdrink,Pepsi-Cola.lAs in architecture,so in automaking.(Elliptical)Thingsthatarehappeninginautomakingaresimilartothosehappeninginarchitecture.TheItalianFiatcarmanufacturingcompanyhassetupacarmanufacturingplantintheSovietUnion.lIf man creates machines,machines in turn shape their creators.Mancreatesmachinesandthemachinesthenturnaroundandchangethosewhocreatedthem.MancreatestheWorldCarandbydrivingthiskindofcarthemodernmanhimselfbecomeuniversalized.Heisbecomingacosmopolitan.lThe Fiesta appears to have sunk without a trace.Thecarmodel,calledFiesta,seemstohavedisappearedcompletely.lThe benefit is that he begins to suspect(home in the traditional sense is another name for limitations).Thebenefitofbeingacosmopolitanisthathebeginstothinktheoldkindofhomeprobablyrestrictshisdevelopmentandactivities.Para.9:“我记得有一个时期,每一位艺术家表示对埃菲尔铁塔的蔑视，谴责这座污染天空，亵渎神明的建筑是自己义不容辞的责任,机器的发明与发展很快就提出了一些传统思维完全无法解决的命题，一种全新的、灵活的、超出人的理解力的可塑性.”Reminisce:v.recallthepast老朋友们总喜欢谈论那老朋友们总喜欢谈论那“美好的往昔美好的往昔”。Oldfriendsliketoreminisceaboutthe“goodolddays”aesthetic:aphilosophicaltheoryastowhatisbeautifulOwedittohimselftoturnhisbackonOweittosomeonetodosth.:认为自己有必要为某人做Blasphemy(line6):expressingdisrespectforGodorforsomethingsacredn.亵渎神明；轻视上帝或神祗亵渎神明；轻视上帝或神祗EiffellTower（Plasticity:可塑性；适应性；柔软性ThediscoveryandrehabilitationofmachinesalltraditionMachinessoonoriginatednewideasandproblemsthatcouldnotbehandledbytheoldwaysofthinking.Para.10:这就动摇了人们认为世界的物质是客观实在的信念。同时，科学又创造出了潜存于客观实在之中的各种不同种类和范畴的现实世界的形象。机器的形象与细胞、分子或是银河系这些物体形象相比较，哪一个更实在呢?科学还创造出了纯属人造物的形象。一个张牙舞爪的龙的形象比分子的形象是更接近现实还是更远离现实呢?Insubstantiality(line3):n.虚体Ithasproducedimagesofordersofrealityunderlyingthethinglinessofthings.Sciencehasproducedimagesofmanyclassesorcategoriesofrealitythatlieundertheobjectiveimageofthingsweseewithoureyes.Thinglinessisanotherwayoftalkingabouttheinnernatureoressenceofthings,Artifact:aman-madeobjecttakenasawholePara.11:newunderstandingofthethingsledtonewconceptsofart他说，美的艺术是“发自人的灵魂深处的需要”。现代艺术所描绘的并不是用眼睛看到的物质世界的客观现实，而是人的内心世界所反映的现实。因为现代艺术所描绘的世界不是客观存在的物质世界，而是人的内心世界，所以，它是一个完全丧失了历史的世界。Skepticism:nskpt,szmdoubtaboutthetruthofsomethingn.怀疑论；怀疑的态度middledistance:thenormaldiatancefortheeyetoobserveobjectsRadically:fundamental,totallyMakeachangeinascheme彻底改变计划Para.12:像科学一样，现代艺术往往也是通过玩耍的方式来表达这种思想解放的在绘画艺术方面是通过毕加索和琼米罗的玩耍性作品，在诗歌艺术方面是通过达达派的朦胧诗以及诸如华莱士斯蒂文斯的C字母一样的喜剧演员一类的滑稽史诗。Mock-heroic:嘲弄地模仿英雄风格的（作品、诗歌）Para.13这种玩耍性是模仿产生了博奕论、虚构粒子和黑洞的科学的荒诞性。这种科学的玩耍性还通过把人的生长基因植入牛体，迫使伦理学的研究者重新审定食人肉的习性的定义。它在发达世界的每座城市里都通过后现代主义和新现代主义的奇形怪状和诞的建筑物，通过把各种建筑风格奇特地拼凑在一起得到反映，而这恰恰是拼贴画式的城市和无计划的大杂烩城市的典型表现。bycorollary:asanaturalconclusionGametheory:note21博弈论Virtualparticle:note22虚粒子Reexamine:examineagainre+examineCannibalism:knblzm食人,嗜食同类,残忍的行为Postmodernism:后现代主义Neomodernism:新现代主义Juxtaposition:,dkstpz()nn.并置，并列；毗邻Collage:n.kl抽象拚贴画Adhocism:局部独立主义Itisannouncedineverycity.adhocism:Thisplayfulnessofthemodernaestheticsisfullydisplayedineverycityinthedevelopedwordbytheplayfulandfantasticbuildingsofpostmodernismandneomodernism.Inthesecitiesonewillalsofindsidebysidefantasticbuildingsrepresentingthestylesofcollagecityandurbanadhocism.Para.14featuresofmodernculture体现这种文化的建筑移动、摇摆，就像做梦一样，反映了周围发生的一切。这种文化向其公民展示了体现几何图形的直线结构，如管道、州际公路和高压电线，也展示了富有艺术性的流线型克莱斯勒公司的气流汽车、波音747飞机以及硅片集成电路上的精细网织图案。现代文化也向其公民展示了无情地引人注目的庞然大物油轮和推土机以及结构玩具的复杂设计、短线拱顶和登月车辆。它充满了想象、声音和价值，完全不同于我们肉眼所看到的我们周围世界的自然景物。geometry:dmtrfacadismfs:dizmn.【建筑学】门面主义(在新建筑物正面保留具有历史意义的原建筑物的门面)Gamesmanship:gemzmnptheuseofdoubtful(althoughnottechnicallyillegal)methodstowinagameAttimes:nowandthen活泼的孩子有时是会淘气的。Oneexpectsactivechidrentobemischievousattimes.staticantonymdynamicInterstatehighway州际公路virtuosity,v:tjustin.technicalskillorfluencyorstyleexhibitedbyavirtuoso精湛技巧；对艺术品的爱好；艺术爱好者Circuit:n.电子电路，回路；巡回；一圈；环道silicon:硅assertivenesss:tivnisn.aggressiveself-assurance;giventomakingboldassertionsforce/self-confidenceItsurroundsitscitizenswiththelinearsculptureofpipelinesandinterstatehighwaysandhigh-tensionlinesandthedelicatevirtuositiesofthesurfacesoftheChryslerAirflowandtheBoeing747Modernculturedisplaystoitscitizensstructuresthatreflectthestraightlinesofgeometricdesigns,suchaspipelines,interstatehighwaysandhigh-tensionelectricwires.italsodisplaysthefineartisticstreamlingofChryslerAirflowcarsandBoeing747airplanes.bleary/blr/(para15.line4)Adj.Ifyoureyesarebleary,theylookdullortired,asifyouhavenothadenoughsleeporhavedrunktoomuchalcohol.(睡眼、醉眼)惺忪的;朦胧的;模糊的eg：Iarrivedbleary-eyedandrumpled.我抵达时睡眼朦胧、头发凌乱。HestaredatLeowithgreatblearyeyes.他用一双睡眼朦胧的大眼睛凝视着利奥。uninspired,ninspaid(para15.line4)1.havingnointellectualoremotionalorspiritualexcitement无灵感的；无灵气的2.deficientinoriginalityorcreativity;lackingpowersofinvention缺乏创见的；无想像力的Wefeeluninspiredandunmotivated.我们觉得毫无灵感，没有动力。neoclassic,niklsk(para16.line1)adj.characteristicofarevivalofanearlierclassicalstyle新古典主义的neoclassicismNeoclassicismisthenamegiventoWesternmovementsinthedecorativeandvisualarts,literature,theatre,music,andarchitecturethatdrawinspirationfromtheclassicalartandcultureofAncientGreeceorAncientRome.ThemainNeoclassicalmovementcoincidedwiththe18thcenturyAgeofEnlightenment,andcontinuedintotheearly19thcentury,latterlycompetingwithRomanticism.Inarchitecture,thestylecontinuedthroughoutthe19th,20thanduptothe21stcentury新古典主义（英语：Neoclassicism），是一种新的复古运动。兴起于18世纪的罗马，并迅速在欧美地区扩展的艺术运动，影响了装饰艺术、建筑、绘画、文学、戏剧和音乐等众多领域。新古典主义，一方面起于对巴洛克（Baroque）和洛可可（Rococo）艺术的反动，另一方面则是希望以重振古希腊、古罗马的艺术为信念（亦即反对华丽的装饰，尽量以俭朴的风格为主）。Adamstyle,InteriorofHomeHouseinLondon,designedbyRobertAdamin1777OstankinoPalace,designedbyFrancescoCamporesiandcompletedin1798,inMoscow,Russiaponderous/pndrs/.(para16.line2)1.slowandlaboriousbecauseofweight行动缓慢的；费力的aponderousyawn2.havinggreatmassandweightandunwieldiness沉重的aponderousstone;aponderousburden3.laboredanddull沉闷的；冗长的aponderousspeechvault/vlt/(para16.line4)1.N-COUNTasecureroomwheremoneyandothervaluablethingscanbekeptsafely.保险库eg：Mostofthemoneywasinstorageinbankvaults.这笔钱的一大部分是存放在银行保险库中的。2.N-COUNTAvaultisaroomunderneathachurchorinacemeterywherepeopleareburied,usuallythemembersofasinglefamily.家族墓穴3.Nanarchedstructurethatformsarooforceiling拱顶;穹隆terminal t:minl(para17.line2)1.Adj.Aterminalillnessordiseasecausesdeath,oftenslowly,andcannotbecured.(疾病)晚期的;致命的terminalcancer晚期癌症。2.N-COUNTAterminalisaplacewherevehicles,passengers,orgoodsbeginorendajourney.起点站;终点站,airport tetminal 航站楼航站楼3.N-COUNTAcomputerterminalisapieceofequipmentconsistingofakeyboardandascreenthatisusedforputtinginformationintoacomputerorgettinginformationfromit.(计算机)终端trailer/trel/(para17.line2)1.Atrailerisacontaineronwheelswhichispulledbyacarorothervehicleandwhichisusedfortransportinglargeorheavyitems.拖车2.Atrailerisalongnarrowhousemadetobedeliveredtoahomesite,whereitbecomesapermanenthome.(一种长而狭窄的造好后可送货上门的)房屋3.Atrailerforafilmortelevisionprogrammeisasetofshortextractswhichareshowntoadvertiseit.(电影或电视节目的)预告trailer/trel/(para17.line2)1.Atrailerisacontaineronwheelswhichispulledbyacarorothervehicleandwhichisusedfortransportinglargeorheavyitems.拖车2.Atrailerisalongnarrowhousemadetobedeliveredtoahomesite,whereitbecomesapermanenthome.(一种长而狭窄的造好后可送货上门的)房屋3.Atrailerforafilmortelevisionprogrammeisasetofshortextractswhichareshowntoadvertiseit.(电影或电视节目的)预告 It is a human world,but one that is human in ways no one expected.Modernculturereflectsahumanworldbuthumaninwaysquitedifferentfromwhatoneexpected.These are the faces of history.Theseareoldfaces(外观).Theybelongtothehistoryofthepast.We are abstract like art and almost invisible like the Crystal Palace.ThebanksarelikeabstractartorliketheCrystalPalacefortheyarenolongerclearlyvisiblesolidbuildings.If we exist at all,we exist as an airy medium in which your transactions are completed and your wealth increased.Wearenowlightandgracefulthings(magnetictapesandcomputers).Thesethingnowhandleallyourbusinessandincreaseyourwealth.That,perhaps,eatablishes the logical limit of the modern aesthetic.That,perhaps,showshowfarlogicallymodernaestheticcango.Thesolidbanscanbecomealmostabstractandinvisible.Itis,rather,theimageofaneternallyplayfulandeternallyyouthfulpower（thatmakesorderwhetherorderisthereornot/andthathavingmadeoneorder（which isquitecapableofputtingitasideandcreatinganentirelydifferentone）thewayachildmightbuildonestructurefromasetofblocksandthenwithoutmaliceandpurelyinthespiritofplaydemolishitandbeginagain.）Inthepassage,thewriterputsforwardhiscentralthemeofdisappearance-naturedisappears,historydisappearsandeventhesolidbanksdisappear.Besides,expressingthecentralthemeofthebook,themetaphoricalphrase,DisappearingThroughtheSkylight,isusedalsospecificallyinthischaptertodescribethechangedappearanceofmodernbankswhichseemtobedisappearing.Asforthecentralthemeofthisbook,thewritersays,“Thisbookisaboutthewaysculturehaschangedinthepastcentury,changingtheidentitiesofallthosebornintoit.Itsmetaphorfortheeffectofchangeoncultureis“disappearance”.