1、Bloom's-Taxonomy布鲁姆认知分类 Bloom’s Taxonomy Valuation Appraise 评估 to estimate the monetary value of; determine the worth of; assess: We had an expert appraise the housebefore we bought it. 2.to estimate the nature, quality, importance, etc.: He tried to appraise the poetry of John Updike. Argu
2、e to present reasons for or against a thing: He argued in favor of capital punishment. Assess to estimate officially the value of (property, income, etc.) as a basis for taxation. Choose to select from a number of possibilities; pick by preference Conclude to bring to an end; finish; terminat
3、e: Critic a person who judges, evaluates, or criticizes: a poor critic of men. 2.a person who judges, evaluates, or analyzes literary or artistic works, dramatic or musical performances,or the like, especially for a newspaper or magazine. Decide to solve or conclude (a question, controversy,
4、or struggle) by giving victory to one side: The judge decidedthe case in favor of the plaintiff. 2.to determine or settle (something in dispute or doubt): 3.to bring (a person) to a decision; persuade or convince: Evaluate to determine or set the value or amount of; appraise: Judge to form
5、a judgment or opinion of; decide upon critically: Justify 1.to show (an act, claim, statement, etc.) to be just or right: The end does not always justify the means. 2.to defend or uphold as warranted or well-grounded: Predict to declare or tell in advance; prophesy; foretell: Prioritize to ar
6、range or do in order of priority: learning to prioritize our assignments. 2.to give a high priority to. Prove to establish the truth or genuineness of, as by evidence or argument: to prove one's claim. Rank to arrange in ranks or in regular formation: The men were ranked according to height. He
7、 ranked the chess pieces on the board. Rate to estimate the value or worth of; appraise: to rate a student's classperformance. 16.to esteem, consider, or account: He was rated one of the best writersaround. select to choose in preference to another or others; pick out. Synthesis: the combi
8、ning of the constituent elements of separate material or abstract entities into a single or unifiedentity (opposed to analysis, ) the separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituentelements. Compose to make or form by combining things, parts, or elements: Construct to build or
9、 form by putting together parts; frame; devise. Create to cause to come into being, as something unique that would not naturally evolve or that is not made byordinary processes. Design to plan and fashion the form and structure of an object, work of art, decorative scheme, etc. Develop 1.to br
10、ing out the capabilities or possibilities of; bring to a more advanced or effective state: to developnatural resources; to develop one's musical talent. 2.to cause to grow or expand: to develop one's muscles. Integrate to bring together or incorporate (parts) into a whole. Invent 1.to originate
11、 or create as a product of one's own ingenuity, experimentation, or contrivance: to invent thetelegraph. 2.to produce or create with the imagination: to invent a story. 3.to make up or fabricate (something fictitious or false): to invent excuses. Make to bring into existence by shaping or changi
12、ng material, combining parts, etc.: to cause to be or become Organize to form as or into a whole consisting of interdependent or coordinated parts, especially for united action:to organize a committee. 2.to systematize: to organize the files of an office. To enlist Perform to carry out; exec
13、ute; do: to perform miracles. Plan to arrange a method or scheme beforehand for (any work, enterprise, or proceeding): Produce to bring into existence; give rise to; cause: to produce steam. Propose to offer or suggest (a matter, subject, case, etc.) for consideration, acceptance, or action: t
14、o propose anew method. rewrite 1.to write in a different form or manner; revise: to rewrite the entire book. 2.to write again. Analysis: Analyze to separate (a material or abstract entity) into constituent parts or elements; determine the elements oressential features of (opposed to
15、 synthesize ): to analyze an argument. 2.to examine critically, so as to bring out the essential elements or give the essence of: to analyze a poem. Characterize to mark or distinguish as a characteristic; be a characteristic of: Rich metaphors characterize his poetry. Classify 归类 to arrange or
16、 organize by classes; order according to class. Compare (比较) to examine (two or more objects, ideas, people, etc.) in order to note similarities and differences: Contrast (对比) to compare in order to show unlikeness or differences; note the opposite natures, purposes, etc., of:Contrast the pol
17、itical rights of Romans and Greeks. 2.to exhibit unlikeness on comparison with something else; form a contrast. Debate to argue or discuss (a question, issue, or the like), as in a legislative or public assembly: They debated thematter of free will. Deduce to derive as a conclusion from somethi
18、ng known or assumed; infer: From the evidence the detective deducedthat the gardener had done it. Diagram to represent by a diagram; make a diagram of. Differentiate 1.to form or mark differently from other such things; distinguish. 2.to change; alter. 3.to perceive the difference in or betwee
19、n. Discriminate to make a distinction in favor of or against a person or thing on the basis of the group, class, orcategory to which the person or thing belongs rather than according to actual merit; show partiality: Thenew law discriminates against foreigners. He discriminates in favor of his rel
20、atives. Distinguish to mark off as different (often followed by from or by ): He was distinguished from the other boys by hisheight. 2.to recognize as distinct or different; recognize the salient or individual features or characteristics of: It ishard to distinguish her from her twin sister. E
21、xamine to look at, inspect, or scrutinize carefully or in detail; investigate Outline to give an outline of; sketch the main features of Relate 1.to tell; give an account of (an event, circumstance, etc.). 2.to bring into or establish association, connection, or relation: to relate events to p
22、robable causes. Research to search or search for again. to make an extensive investigation into: to research a matter thoroughly. Separate to keep apart or divide, as by an intervening barrier or space: to separate two fields by a fence. Application: the act of applying to a particular p
23、urpose or use Apply to make use of as relevant, suitable, or pertinent: to apply a theory to a problem. 2.to put to use, especially for a particular purpose: 3.to bring into action; use; employ: Change to make the form, nature, content, future course, etc., of (something) different from what
24、it is orfrom what it would be if left alone: to become different: Choose to select from a number of possibilities; pick by preference: She chose Sunday for her departure. Compute to determine by calculation; reckon; calculate: to compute the period of Jupiter's revolution. Dramatize to put i
25、nto a form suitable for acting on a stage. 2.to express or represent vividly, emotionally, or 3.to express oneself in a dramatic or exaggerated way. Interview to have an interview with in order to question, consult, or evaluate: to interview a job applicant; tointerview the president. Prepare
26、 to put in proper condition or readiness: to prepare a patient for surgery. Produce to bring into existence; give rise to; cause: to produce steam. Role-play to assume the attitudes, actions, and discourse of (another), especially in a makebelieve situation in aneffort to understand a differing
27、point of view or social interaction: Management trainees were given a chanceto role-play labor negotiators. Select to choose in preference to another or others; pick out. Show to cause or allow to be seen; exhibit; display. 2.to present or perform as a public entertainment or spectacle: 3.to i
28、ndicate; point out: to show the way. 4.to guide, escort, or usher: He showed me to my room. Show her in. 5to explain or make clear; make known: He showed what he meant Transfer to change or go or cause to change or go from one thing, person, or point to another: they transferredfrom the Park Hot
29、el to the Imperial ; she transferred her affections to her dog Use to employ for some purpose; put into service; make use of: to use a knife. Comprehension: 1.the act or process of comprehending. 2.the state of being comprehended. 3.perception or understanding: or the act or capacity of under
30、standing conclude to bring to an end; finish; terminate: to conclude a speech with a quotation from the Bible. Demonstrate to make evident or establish by arguments or reasoning; prove: to demonstrate a philosophicalprinciple. Discuss to consider or examine by argument, comment, etc.; talk ove
31、r or write about, especially to exploresolutions; debate: to discuss the proposed law on taxes. Explain to make plain or clear; render understandable or intelligible: to explain an obscure point. Synonyms:explicate. Antonyms: confuse Generalize to infer (a general principle, trend, etc.) from pa
32、rticular facts, statistics, or the like. Identify . to prove or recognize as being a certain person or thing; determine the identity of Illustrate to furnish (a book, magazine, etc.) with drawings, pictures, or other artwork intended for explanation,elucidation, or adornment. 2.to make cle
33、ar or intelligible, as by examples or analogies; exemplify. Interpret to give or provide the meaning of; explain; explicate; elucidate: to interpret the hidden meaning of aparable. Paraphrase to put (something) into other words; restate (something) Predict to declare or tell in advance;
34、prophesy; foretell: to predict the weather; to predict the fall of acivilization. Report 8 to give an account (of); describe 9. to give an account of the results of an investigation (into): to report on housing conditions Restate to state or affirm again or in a new way Review to go over
35、lessons, studies, work, etc.) in review. Examine again. Summarize to make a summary of; state or express in a concise form (express concisely). Tell to give an account or narrative of; narrate; relate (a story, tale, etc.): to tell the story of Lincoln'schildhood. Knowledge: acquainta
36、nce with facts, truths, or principles, as from study or investigation;general erudition Count to check over (the separate units or groups of a collection) one by one to determine the total number; add up; enumerate: He counted his tickets and found he had ten. Define to state or set forth the
37、meaning of (a word, phrase, etc.): They disagreed on how to define “liberal.” describe to tell or depict in written or spoken words; give an account of: He described the accident verycarefully. Draw to cause to move in a particular direction by or as if by a pulling force; pull; drag (often fo
38、llowed byalong, away, in, out, or off ). Find to come upon by chance; meet with: He found a nickel in the street. Identify to recognize or establish as being a particular person or thing; verify the identity of: to identifyhandwriting; to identify the bearer of a check. Label to describe
39、 or classify in a word or phrase: to label someone a liar List to set down together in a list; make a list of: to list the membership of a club. Match to fit (parts) together: to match the tongue and groove of boards Name to give a name to: to name a baby. Quote to repeat (a passage, phrase,
40、 etc.) from a book, speech, or the like, as by way of authority,illustration, etc. Recall to bring back from memory; recollect; remember: Can you recall what she said? Recite to repeat the words of, as from memory, especially in a formal manner: to recite a lesson. Sequence To organize or ar
41、range in a sequence. Tell to give an account or narrative of; narrate; relate (a story, tale, etc.): to tell the story of Lincoln'schildhood. write 1.to trace or form (characters, letters, words, etc.) on the surface of some material, as with a pen,pencil, or other instrument or means; inscribe: Write your name on the board. 2.to express or communicate in writing; give a written account of.






