亨利八世.pptx

Henry A brief introduction of Henry VIII Henry VIII(28 June 1491 28 January 1547)was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death.He was also Lord of Ireland(later King of Ireland)and claimant to the Kingdom of France.Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor（都铎王朝）,succeeding his father,Henry VII.Henry VIIIs marriageCatherine of Aragon l lHenrys oldest brother Arthur Henrys oldest brother Arthur died suddenly.died suddenly.l lHenrys Father,Henrys Father,renewedrenewed his his efforts to seal an efforts to seal an alliancealliance between England and between England and Spain,by offering Henry,in Spain,by offering Henry,in marriage to Prince Arthurs marriage to Prince Arthurs widow,Catherine of Aragon widow,Catherine of Aragon l lAll of Catherines children All of Catherines children died except died except Princess MaryPrincess Mary.Henry became impatient,for Henry became impatient,for he need a male heir.he need a male heir.l lLast Henry divorced with Last Henry divorced with her.her.Second Marriage-Anne Boleynl lThe queen gave birth to a girl who was named The queen gave birth to a girl who was named Elizabeth who would go on to become one of Elizabeth who would go on to become one of the most famous leaders in English history.the most famous leaders in English history.l lAnne then gave birth to two another children,but Anne then gave birth to two another children,but they both died.Since Henry still wanted a male they both died.Since Henry still wanted a male heir.He slandered that Anne commit adultery(heir.He slandered that Anne commit adultery(通通奸奸)with someone)with someone，and killed herand killed her。The Third Wife-Jane Seymour l lShe was one of Queen She was one of Queen Annes ladies-in-waiting(Annes ladies-in-waiting(侍侍女女)l lThey were married 10 They were married 10 days later after Annes days later after Annes death.death.l lJane gave birth to a son,Jane gave birth to a son,Prince Edward.King Henry Prince Edward.King Henry got the son he wanted.got the son he wanted.l lBut the birth was difficult But the birth was difficult and the queen died at the and the queen died at the same year from an same year from an puerperal feverpuerperal fever（产褥热）（产褥热）.The 4th Wife Anne of Clevesl lHenry desired to marry once Henry desired to marry once again to ensure the succession.again to ensure the succession.l lA portrait of Anne was sent to A portrait of Anne was sent to the king.Its beautiful.However the king.Its beautiful.However after Anne arrived in England,after Anne arrived in England,Henry is said to have found her Henry is said to have found her utterly unattractive.utterly unattractive.l lHenry wished to annul Henry wished to annul the marriage in order to marry the marriage in order to marry another.another.l lThe marriage was The marriage was subsequently annulled and subsequently annulled and Anne received the title of The Anne received the title of The Kings SisterKings SisterThe 5th Catherine Howardl lHenry married the beautiful young Catherine Henry married the beautiful young Catherine Howard(Anne Boleyns cousin).Howard(Anne Boleyns cousin).l lHe was absolutely delighted with his new queen.He was absolutely delighted with his new queen.l lSoon after her marriage,however,two men were Soon after her marriage,however,two men were accused of having accused of having sexual relationships with sexual relationships with the queen.the queen.l lFinally,Catherine was executed Finally,Catherine was executed on 13 February 1542.At that on 13 February 1542.At that time,she was only 22.time,she was only 22.The 6th Wife-Catherine Parr l lHenry married his last wife,Catherine Parr.Henry married his last wife,Catherine Parr.l lShe helped She helped reconcilereconcile Henry with his first two Henry with his first two daughters,the Princess Mary and the Lady daughters,the Princess Mary and the Lady Elizabeth.Elizabeth.l lShe was a reformer,but Henry remained She was a reformer,but Henry remained a conservative a conservative（保守主义）（保守主义）.l lThis behavior This behavior nearly proved nearly proved her undoing,her undoing,but she saved but she saved herself by a herself by a show of show of submissivenesssubmissiveness（服从（服从).Religion ReformationBesides his six marriages,Henry VIII is known for his role in the religion reformation.He wanted to divorce with the first wife,but the Roman Catholic Church disagreeded.So he separated Church of England(英国国教英国国教)from Roman Catholic Church（罗马天主教会）（罗马天主教会）and established himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England.He changed religious ceremonies and rituals and suppressed the monasteries,while remaining a believer in core Catholic theological teachings,even after his excommunication from the Roman Catholic Church.Contents1、In 1534,promulgated the Act of Supremacy and severed the relations between the church of England and the Vatican in the administrative and economic.In 1534，颁布至尊法案断绝英国教会在行政和经济上与罗马教廷的关系。2、Recognized the king as supreme head of the church in England,and the king had the right to appointed episcopate,held in the Contents church and review the Canon.规定国为英国最高首脑，拥有任命教职，召开教会，审查教规的权利。3、To preserve the Catholic church hierarchy,the doctrine and ritual保留天主教的教阶制度，教义和仪式。4、Henry closed the monasteryies and confiscated their property,doulbing the nations revenues。InfluenceGet rid of the Roman magisteriums control,consolidate the increasingly powerful monarchy.Make the Christianity as the church of England,the church became the tool of the feudal autocratic rule.The Catholic Church was deprived of most of the property fell into the hands of the emerging bourgeoisie,is conducive to the development of capitalism.More conservative,in the aspect of religion and theology without a substantial change,is not conducive to the further development of capitalism,later the Puritan movement appeared.The Children of Henry VIIIMary Elizabeth Edward Actually,all of Henrys children didnt have descendants(后代).After Elizabeth died,the House of Tudor ended.爱德华三世爱德华三世1327-1377黑太子爱德华理查德爱德华四世1461-1483爱德蒙都铎亨利六世1422-1461亨利五世1413-1422亨利四世1399-1413 菲力帕（女）莱昂纳尔（克拉伦斯公爵）罗杰安妮（女）冈特的约翰（兰开斯特公爵）爱德蒙特（约克公爵）理查德理查德二世1377-1399理查德三世1483-1485亨利七世1485-1509玛丽一世1553-1558亨利八世 1509-1547爱德华六世1547-1553爱德华五世 1483伊丽莎白伊丽莎白一世1558-1603GovernmentDuring his reign England was stable and prosperous.Parliament did have the power to make laws，including tax laws，although the laws had to have royal approval.MilitaryHenry created the Royal Navy，which became the basis of future British sea power.Henry was responsible for the creation of a permanent navy,with the supporting anchorages and dockyards.The Navy move away from bow and arrow to employ gunnery instead.Henrys break with Rome Curia incurred the threat of a large-scale French or Spanish invasion.In 1538,he began to build a chain of expensive,state-of-the-art defences.EvaluationDuring the reign of HenryVIII，the British social economic status,political system,culture,thought,religion have great changes.Character appraisalCharacter appraisal人物评价人物评价The greatest impact on future generations of Henry was the British Protestant reformation.Although his original intention was to solve the problem of the Dynasty（王朝）and its successor，and he had never given up the essence（本质）of the Catholic（天主教）faith，his reform was the most radical（激进的）and decisive one ever since.Henry VIII was a brilliant man of wide learning，he even wrote a book in Latin（拉丁文）.He was also the first man of learning global geography of all the European rulers.Besides，Henry VIII was a writer，poet and musician.His most famous song was“pastime with good company”（与好伙伴一起消磨时光），which was also known as the song of king.By 5603By 5603By 5603By 5603