声学基础专业英文.doc

声学英文词彙
声音,声学及其分支

声音:sound
可听声(阈):audible sound
超声:ultrasound
次声:infrasound
水声:underwater sound
地声:underground sound
噪声:noise
声学:Acoustics
物理声学:Physical Acoustics;非线性声学:Nonlinear Acoustics
超声学:Ultrasonics;次声学:Infrasonics;水声学:Underwater Acoustics
气动声学:Aeroacoustics
建筑声学:Architectural Acoustics;室內声学:Room Acoustics
音乐声学:Musical Acoustics
环境声学:Environmental Acoustics
海洋声学:Oceanic Acoustics
电声学:Electroacoustics
语言声学:Speech Acoustics;语音信号处理:Speech Processing
声信号处理:Acoustical Signal Processing
光声学:Optoacoustics
医学超声学:Medical Ultrasonics
生物声学:Bioacoustics
声化学:Sonochemistry
生理声学:Physiological Acoustics;心理声学:Phsychoacoustics
振动
振动:vibration
受迫振动:forced vibration
阻尼振动
弹性:elasticity
劲度:stiffness;弹性常数:stiffness constant
恢复力:restoration;张力:tension
惯性,声质量:inertance
力(机械)阻抗(阻,順,抗):mechanical impedance (resistance, pliance, reactance)
力导纳(导,納):mechanical admittance, mobility (responsiveness, excitability)
集总线路元件:lumped circuit elements
共振:resonance;反共振:antiresonance
参量共振:parametric resonance
共鸣器,共振器:resonator
亥姆霍茲共鸣器:Helmholtz resonator
振子:oscillator
激振器:vibrator
隔振:isolation
(阻抗型,导纳型)类比:(impedance-type, mobility-type) analogy
摩擦(力):friction (force)
阻尼(系数):damping (coefficient)
衰变:decay
谐波:harmonics,谐与:harmony
基频:fundamental frequency
固有(特征,本征)频率:natural (characteristic, eigen-) frequency
简正频率(方式、模式):normal frequency (mode)
波节:node;波腹:antinode, loop
音:tone;泛音:overtone;音调:pitch;音色:timbre
声媒质及其性质
媒质、介质:medium
可压缩得:pressible;不可压缩得: inpressible
压缩率,压缩系数:pressibility
可相融得,不相融得:miscible,immiscible
绝热得:adiabatic;等温得: isothermal
体(剪切)弹性系数,体(切)弹性模量:bulk (shear) modulus
热传导(率):thermal conduction (conductivity)
(容变)粘性:(bulk) viscousity
(切变、容变)粘滞系数:viscous coefficient, coefficient of (shear, bulk) viscosity
无黏(流体):inviscid (fluid)

声速:sound speed
频散:dispersion

吸收(损失):absorption (loss);吸收系数:absorptivity, absorption coefficient

耗散(损失):dissipation (loss)
非均匀性:inhomogeneity
多孔介质:porous media
穿孔:peforation
穿孔板:perforated plate
穿孔比:ratio of perforation
孔隙率:porosity
声边界层(厚度)、趋肤深度:acoustic boundary layer (thickness),skin depth叠加原理
波数
声波及传播
声波:sound waves, acoustic waves
机械(水,重力,声重力)波:mechanical (water, gravity, acoustic-gravity) waves
传播:propagation;
纵(横)波:longitudinal (transverse) waves
行(驻)波:traveling (standing) waves
平面(柱面,球面)波:plane (spherical, cylindrical) waves
表面(瑞利,漸失)波:surface (Rayleigh, evanescent) waves
压缩(体)波:pressional (bulk) waves
声压缩
切变(弯曲)波:shear (flexural, bending) waves
(切)应变:(shear) strain
(切)应力:(shear) stress
波导:duct, waveguide;声管:pipe, tube
导波:guided waves
相(群)速度:phase (group) velocity
质点(体积)速度:particle (volume) velocity
声压(级):sound pressure (level)
声强(级):sound intensity (level)
声功率(级):sound power (level)
响度(级):loudness (level)
响亮(度):sonority
分贝:decibel (dB)
倍频程:octave
声阻抗(阻,順,容,抗):acoustic impedance (resistance, pliance, capacitance, reactance);
声质量:acoustic mass, acoustic inertance;
声导纳(导,納):acoustic admittance, mobility (conductance, susceptance)
声阻(抗阻抗)率:specific acoustic resistance (reactance, impedance)
声特性阻抗:acoustic characteristic impedance;
法向声阻抗率:specific normal acoustic impedance
声导率:acoustical conductivity
转移阻抗:transfer impedance
阻抗匹配:impedance matching
声传输线:acoustic transmission line
波前,波阵面:wavefront
正(斜,掠)入射:normal (oblique, grazing) incidence
反射(系数):reflection (coefficient)
透射(系数):transmission (coefficient)
传输损失,隔声量:transmission loss
质量作用定律:mass law
折射:refraction;衍射:diffraction;干涉:interference
回响、回声:echo
衰減(系数):attenuation (coefficient)
驻波 standing wave
行波 travelling wave
声聚焦
平面波
球面波
品质因数 qualityfactor
涡旋:votex, 涡度:vorticity
湍流:turbulence,层流:laminar flow
绕射
斯奈尔定律
波矢量
全反射
辐射,散射

声源:sound source;源强:source strength
点源:point source
单极子:monopole;
偶极子:dipole
四极子:quadrupole
活塞:piston
像源:image source
声场:sound field, acoustic field
近(远)场:near (far) field
声辐射(阻抗):acoustic radiation (impedance)
声发射:acoustic emission
散射(截面,损失):scattering (cross-section, loss)
背向散射:backscattering
互易性(原理):reciprocity
指向性:directivity
传声器指向性
直达声:direct sound
回声:echo
混响:reverberate(动词),reverberation(名词)
非线性振动与声

冲击波:shock waves
声孤立波:acoustic solitary waves;声孤子:acoustic solitons
声马赫数:acoustic Mach number
分岔:bifurcation;混沌:chaos
次谐波(共振):subharmonics (resonance)
声辐射压(力):acoustic radiation pressure (force)
声效应

空化:cavitation
声致发光:sonoluminescence
声化学:sonochemistry
声悬浮:acoustic levitation
气泡共振:bubble resonance
声材料与控制

吸声材料(器):sound absorbent (absorber)
消声器:sound damper
声障:sound baffle, sound barrier
隔声:sound insulation, soundproof
隔声罩:acoustical enclosure
声屏蔽:acoustic shielding
隔声板:acoustic septum
消声室:anechoic chamber
消声器:muffler, silencer
声扩散体:sound diffuser
穿孔:perforation;
穿孔板:perforated panel
室内声学平均自由程
换能,仪器设计,测量

压电效应:piezoelectricity
扬声器:louderspeaker;喇叭:horn
话筒,扩音器,麦克风:microphone
话筒,扩音器:megaphone
听力计:sonometer
换能器:transducer
水听器:hydrophone
声吶:sonar
插入损失:insertion loss
灵敏度:sensitivity
声全息:acoustical holography
声探测:sounding
声定位:sound localization
语图、声谱仪:sonogram, sonograph, echogram
超声扫描术:sonography
声测井:sonolog