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1、 专升本英语考点精华 一语法及基础知识 第一节 虚拟语气 过去 现在 将来 现在的为从句did原 主句would should could might +do 过去的从句为为had+did主句would could should might +have done 将来的为从句为were to do did were should+do did主句为四大词+do 三个时态的虚拟分别于三个时间的事实相反 Were should had 三个词可以提前 放在一句话的第一位 判断将来时时注意关键的时间词 现在时为 now将来时为tomorrow
2、 If I had time if qing had gone 现在例句 if my lived now,he would give us more shows 过去例句if qing had not gone back to qing dynasty ,she would not have met him 下一个if I had been born 20 years earlier,I would have had chance to marry her 将来例句两个而且三字词提前了 I were to win 变成were I to win I should win变成
3、 Should I win qingchuan had not gone the eighth son of the emperor Have 为实义动词时+n 并且have 不放在前面什么意思 have为助动词时可以放在前面 第二节介词短语仅代替从句 without 如果没有 but for 要不是 Without me,what would you do ？本来应该为you would do 但有what 为疑问语气所以 But for the earthquake we should not have bought the salt crazily If it had
4、not been for 其实就是without but for 与if作用一样 第三届 错综时间条件句 前后时间不一致 If you had taken my advise you would be better now 有明显的时间状语 二表示愿望的虚拟 为不可能实现的事 Hope可以实现的愿望 wish 不可以实现的愿望 Wish+that +主语+与现在过去将来事实相反 例子I wish （that）从句everyday were my birthday 现在的 I wished(that)I had met jaychou Would /could+do
5、与将来相反 I wish(that)they would become my enemies in the future 三 should+do的虚拟 Should可以省略 在一些动词之后 一个坚持二个命令 四个建议 四个要求 一个宁愿 宁愿坚持建议命令要求 一些动词之后+(that)+主+(should)+do Prefer Insist Suggest advise propose recommend Order command Require request demand desire 注意insist后面要求应是should do 如果后面是认为 断言 的意思
6、后不虚拟 The doctor insisted that the boy was （be）badly hurt and insisted that he should be sent (send)to the hospital at once 被动语态 be+done suggest 建议（should）do 暗示表明不虚拟 Her pale 苍白face suggested that she was(be)will 同源词用法相同 suggested tion ing undesirable 后面都是should +do 一个词衍生好多个词，要掌握那一个词就行 2一个
7、句型之后it is important/ essential/ necessary /strange/ natural /apity/ (should)do It is important that he （should）not come （should）不能省略 it is (high|about)time that 主 +should do 该到做某事的时候了 It is high time that we should study hard 可以改成studied此句型中should do 可以由该动词的一般过去式studied代替 should do died
8、四其他类型虚拟语气1would rather 11do12 do rather than do 宁愿做而不愿意做13that+主语+did1与现在或将来相反 21had gone 与过去相反 I would rather that he had not heard it . 2 主句+as if/though+主语+动词 现在did /were 过去had gone 将来w/c+do He speaks lapanse very well as if he were a japanse 3 if noly 要是什么就好了 only if只要 Wish thoug
9、h as if if only 四者虚拟形式相同 If only you had listened to me 4 句1，or /otherwise ,句2 Hurry up,otherwise,wewill be late. Otherwise前面的和后面的如果都是真实情况就不虚拟 He was very busy ,otherwise,he would have helped you 前面真后面假虚拟 两种用法 1would+v原型 与现在或将来相反 2would +have done 与过去相反 过去好说 一半或将来前面的was变后面的will跟着相
10、应的变化不？ 5 主句+lest免得/for feer恐怕that should+do原型 incase+that 以防万一 should+do 此处should 不可省略 可省略的情况should在1244之后 长词important should +do(原) 不省略should 情况it is time 第二节倒装 正装 主+谓语 倒 谓语+主 1含义 动词放在主语之前 动词分 1实意动词 2助动词 1实意又分11 及物动词 能够直接加名词 12不及物动词 不能直接加名词 助动词 2 助动词 21 情态动词v
11、can/must +v原22am is are was were do does did hava has had 二1 分类11完全倒装整个谓语动词放主语之前 12 部分倒装 助动词位于主语前 I passed they passed he passed 不好找就先变否定 do did does 一完全倒装1 地点 方位 时间 副词 介词位于句子首 here there in out now then up down away The bus comes here here comes the bus come 是放在the bus前面了 只
12、不过不是放在最前面而已 注 如果主语是人称代词 则不倒装 I we you he she it they he comes here here he comes 如果倒装按照完全倒装的法则应该是 comes 放于 he 之前 而实际就是没有放在之前只是简单的把here提前而已 2 介词短语位于句子首部 介词 +名词 The bird sings in the tree in the tree sings the bird 考人称代词主要靠 here there 二部分倒装 1 否定意义词位于句子首部 no nowhere 在哪也没有 ne
13、ver little不可数 few可数seldom 很少 rarely很少的 否定词 7个绝不 I have never played such an interesting game Never had I played 其实还是助动词 had 提前 只不过前面加了一个修饰had的never罢了 补充 hardly/scarcely when no sooner than 都是 一什么什么 就 的意思 注 含义1 一什么什么 就 2 倒装 前倒后不倒 3 时态一般后面用had done 一般过去时did had +主+过去分词 The snake h
14、ad hardly fallen down when we were frightened 过去完成时 非had 而是hardly hardly had the snake fallen 还是把助动词提前然后该怎么办怎么办 然后否定意义词是修饰助动词的放于句子首部 2七个绝不放于句子首部 In no case at no time on no account on no condition by no means under no circumstance in no way P13 笔记本 这七个都是绝不的意思 Counter 反 We shoul
15、d in no case forget we are Chinese 这七个词相当于副词修饰动词 In no case should we forget we are Chinese 3Not only +倒装but also we should not only help ourselves but also help others Not only should we ````````` 4 not until +句子/n+部分倒装 直到 才 He did not go home until midnight Not until midnight did h
16、e go home I did not know how to cherish until I lost it 珍惜 Not until (I lost it )did I know not until 部分倒装 did +主+v 原 2表示 也 的倒装 1肯定的 也 so+助+主 I like English he likes English too . so does he If you jump ,I will jump to so will/shall I 补充 关于so的用法 1 the boy is very lovely,, so he is
17、 so am I 主语前后一致不倒装 主语前后不一致就到装了 2so +adj/adv /such+n放于句首，后面加部分倒装 Chen is so charming that we all like it So charming is chen that ````` 2否定的 也 neither/nor 助+主 I do not like English he does not like it ,either neither does he 3 only+状语+部分倒装 1 状语 时间 地点 2修饰谓语动词 3充当成分 31 副词 32 介词短语33 状语从句
18、Only后面加 1 then 时间副词2in this way 介词短语3after you left 状语从句 4as的倒装 有时候用though 代替 公式 名词/行/副/+as +主+谓语 as 尽管 名词前面不加 an a the Stupid as I am ,I know what true love is 5 虚拟语气倒装 were had should 第二节 动词的时态语态 第一部分时态 时态分时间和动作状态 我昨天 今天 明天 回家 分别为 I went home yesterday I go home today. I will
19、go home tomorrow . 时态 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 1 过去 1 0 将来 1 0 过去将来 0 0 0 1代表学习这种时态 0代表不学习这种时态 那些空白的也是要学习的项目 一般时态 习惯性经常性动作 1一般现在时 构成be am is are do does 时间状语 today every day/week always usually oft
20、en sometimes She is always fainted 晕倒in class 补 一般现在时其它用法 1客观事实普遍真理 Death is a part of life. 2表示人的性格 特征和能力 He plays the piano very well 3主将从现 主句一般将来从句一般现在 使用条件 条件状语 时间状语 If when as soon as 2一般过去时 构成be 动 was were did 时间状语 yesterday 什么ago last week in 1982 Used to do 过去常常做某事
21、be used to do 被用来做某事 be used to doing 习惯做某事 The wood is used to make desks The old man used to live in the country. But now he is used to living in the country 3 一般将来时 构成 be动词 will be will/shall+do will主语任意 shall主语得第一人称I,we 时间状语 tomorrow later next in2012 the following接下来的什么 We will
22、 study hard in the following days 补充 一般将来时的其它用法 1be going to 按照计划安排，有明显的迹象 肯定会发生的事 Look at the cloud ,it is going to rain We are going to make it 2be about to do 正要做某事，马上做某事 Do not go out we are about to have dinner be about to do when````` I am about to go out when the telephone rings Be
23、to do 按照客观安排发生的事 We are to learn lesson 4 4过去将来时 构成 would/should+do 用法 一般用于间接隐语之间 转述他人说的话 直接 he said I will go 间接 he said that he would go 关键 逗号 引号 对于 be going to be about to do be to do be am ia are 表示一般将来时 was were 表示过去时 二 进行时态 动作正在发生 并且可以持续 通式 be+doing 1一般现在时 构成 am is are +
24、doing 时间状语 now at the moment 感官提示性动词 look listen look he is playing computer games 2过去进行时 was were +doing 时间 具体时刻+一般过去时时间状语 at yesterday Andy was having diner with a French beauty at 6 last night 补 一般过去时与过去进行时互为时间背景 When I came back ,my mother was cooking 3 将来进行时 构成 will be doing 时间状
25、语 具体时刻+一般将来时 三 完成时态 在某一刻之前 动作已经完成 动作开始不知道 通式 have done 1现在完成时 构成 have has +done 用法 过去的动作对现在造成的影响 时间状语 already 用于肯定句 已经 yet用于否定或疑问句 已经 Just 刚刚 recently 最近 so far =up to now =till now 到目前为止 In /during the past few years I have already lost my wallet 暗示现在没有钱包，强调对现在造成的影响 I lost my wall
26、et 与现在无关 过去的动作持续到现在并且结束 时间状语 for+一段时间 since +过去时间点 did I have worked for twenty years since 20 years ago since 1991 since I was 18 For +一段时间为延续性动词 Died be dead marry have married buy have borrow keep leave be away He has been dead for 3 years 表示曾经经历过的事 have been t
27、o 去过某地回来了 have gone to 去某地没回来 Where is tom? He has gone to shanghai 2过去完成时 构成 had gone 时间状语 before after by +过去时间 By +时间 到什么什么为止 By yesterday ,we had learnt three lessons before the policeman came ,the thief had gone Bbama said that bin had been killed 本的死，奥巴马出现 3 将来完成时 起始不知道但一定是将来完成
28、构成 will have done 时间by+将来时间 By next year,they will have been married for 60 years 4 现在完成进行时have done+be doing = have been doing 过去的动作持续到现在进行 时间for+一段时间 we have been working for 6 hours let us have a rest 总结 完成时态的时间状语 1 so far 现在完成2since 21过去时间点22句子用一般过去时 3for+一段时间 适用所有完成时 P24笔记本 1 3 好说 一个是
29、现在完成时 一个是现在完成进行时 而 2 4 呢只不过是在by前面加一个for+时间段而已 4 by到什么什么为止 now 现在完成时 过去将来时 将来完成时 By the time+句子 时间状语 主将从现 主将从现 +完成=将来完成 （by the time I get got downstairs,)从句（the telephone will have stopped ringing ）主句 补充 完成时态的其他用法 1对于完成时的提问 I have worked for 20 years how long have you worked? For+一段时间
30、适用于所有完成时 2一个句型 it is /was the first/second time 次数that +have done /had It is high /about time that should 不可省略 do /did 第二部分 1被动语态构成 be+done I beat you you are beaten by me 二 九种时态的被动语态 一般现在时 am is are +done 一般过去时was were +done 一般将来时will be done 过去将来时 would /should be done 现在进行时 ar
31、e is +being done 过去进行时 was were +being done 将来进行时无被动语态 现在完成时 have been done 过去完成时 had been done 将来完成时 will have been done 三 被动语态需注意的事项 1 不及物动词无被动语态 I beat you 用主动表示被动 被动语态无主语所以无被动语态 说的是不及物动词无被动语态的形式 The food is tasted delicious 错 the food tastes delicious 2动词词组中的介词变成被动语态后不省略 The
32、doctors took care of the patients The patient were taken care of by the doctors We should talk with the old politely The old should be talked with politely 3双宾语的被动语态 I give you 第一个a bike第二个 双宾语 动+sb +sth 谁离动词最近选谁 You are given a bike I give a bike to you A bike is given to you 对于双宾语变成
33、被动语态，人作主语无介词，物作主语有介词 做题步骤 1判断是否是时态，看选项形式 时态语态的构成 2判断主被动 21物作主语211大多数被动212不及物动词为主动22人做主语 含义 3找明显的时间状语以及动词形式 对话题 就看语境 Mother _us stories when we wre young C A was use to tell B is used to telling Cused to tell D used to telling I was annoyed by my friend who came late for our date but
34、 did not bother to ask how long I _ B A was waiting Bhad been waiting C wait D have waiting for+完成 过去完成进行时 随着社会的发展，很多旧风俗正在消失 with the development of society As the society develops many old customes are dying out gradually 2等我到达考场时候，同学们已经消失了 By the time I got to/ arrived a
35、t/reach the test room the student had left So far 只用于现在完成时 Had done before after since how long –for段时间 By the time do does did 第四节 主从复合句 包括 主句 连词+从句 第一部 句子成分 1 主 系 表 jack was a poorman 2主 谓 不及物动词 they meet on the ship 3主 同位语 谓语 宾语he lack,loved rose 4主 谓语 宾语 双宾语 jack taught rose dan
36、cing v+sb +sth 5主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 it made audience sad 双宾语是名词 而宾补是形容词 主语 谓语动词或系动词 之前的那个是主语 系动词 be 定语 adj n 谓语 they can not do 谓语it 谓语 分 1助动词+实意动词 2can 谓语动词 实意动词 状语 副词 v(副词 介词短语 状语) 宾语 动词介词之后 同位语 相同位置的语言 名词之后 双宾语 动词+sb+sth 宾补 修饰宾语放在宾语之后 1同位语 icall him,jack 2宾补 I call him
37、jack 3双宾语 一 基本句型 主语 谓语 主语 谓语 宾语 主语 系 表语 主语 谓语 双宾语 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 名词 主语 宾语 表语 同位语 形容词 表语 副词 状语 第二部 状语从句· 构成 主句+连词+从句 或 连词+从句，主句 My mother was coking主 ,when连词 I came从句 特点 连词前后两个句子完整 判断从句就根据连词判断就行 连词后面一定是从句 一共三个剩下的就是主句 二 分类 时间 条件 原因 让步 为主要考试要点 地点 目的 结果 方式 比较 时间状语从句 连词叫做引导词 引导词 when wh
38、ile as As the economydevelops great changes have taken place in our daily lift 随之经济发展我们的生活发生着巨大的变化 While my father was cooking,my mother was sleeping When the river does not flow,I still can not break with you B Before after after I had said goodbye I found I could not see you anymore C
39、till until 直到 until一般与not 连用 We can get together until we can not breathe D as soon as The moment The minute The second as soon as I got to the airport, the plance took off Ehardly/scarcely`````when no sooner ``than````一 什么什么就 dad +主+done Hardly had I got to the airport when the plane
40、 took off 要是变成原型就是 I had hardly got to 部分倒装加现在完成时或过去完成时 F everytime, since 自从+did once everytime I part with you I will be beaten by you 时间状语从句一般用主句将来时从句现在时的形态 还必须是真实条件 引导词 if unless as long as on condition that 如果 given/provided that如果 时间状语从句 条件状语从句都是主将从现 If 如果 虚拟语气 条件状语从句 主将从现 If i——
41、I would 虚拟 If I—— ，I will 主将从现 If you do not love me ,please love me Unless you love me,please love me 如果 不 if not =unless As long as you give me a certain eye, my love will be meaningful.只要你给我一个真实的眼神 我的生活就会有意义 条件 真实条件 通常主将从现 时间状语 一般用主将从西现 除了E组外 条件 真实条件通常主将从现 三 原因状语从句 引导词 because最正式 sin
42、ce 有两个意思 在时间状语从句 自从的意思 在原因状语从句中 既然 As 因为 语气最弱 nowthat 既然in that 因为 Seeing/considering that No that you did not make mistakes ,why did you ignore me In that you have beliefs,you will struggle for victory.胜利 Because 1000years later,I will not exist in the world 补充 because of owing to due to
43、n/v ing Because of love,I can love you . 不能有 所以 四 让步状语从句 引导词 although /though 虽然 even if /though+即使 假设 As 尽管 这个意思的as 必须倒装 n /adj/adv +as+主+谓语 While 尽管 放于句子首部 However =no matter how +adj/adv Whatever=no matter what +n无论什么 However difficulty this task is,,we will finish it on time 按时 intime及
44、时, Although I did not doubt you,I still fell upset.忐忑不安 补充 in spite of /despite 都是尽管的意思 介词 非连词 介词+n/v ing Although I am ill, despite my illness 这是两句话 规律 1连词+句子 2介词+n/v ing 2在英语中，一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词 3两个独立的句子有且只有一个连词 有 because无so,有although 无but 五 地点状语从句 引导词 where wherever
45、 Put the medicine where children are out of tough 摸不到 out of tough out of reach 与什么什么失去联系 wherever you go ,whatever you do, be right here waiting for you 六 目的状语 引导词 为了 in order that 为了不 lest /for fear/incase that I get up early 为了 I could catch the bus The teacher raised his voice on
46、purpose有意的 故意的 为了 the student in the back could hear him, 七 结果状语从句 引导词 so+adj/adv that such +名词+that 如此以至于 too to 太 以至于不能the boy is so lovely that we like him He is so lovely a boy that He ia such a lovely boy that This is such difficult work that we can not do it A such difficult work
47、 不可数用 B so diffcult work 补充 1用于 so··· that··· such ···that ···· 而言 如果所修饰的名词为可数名词复数或不可数名词只能用such而不能用so 那么也就是说可数名词单数可以用so 那么such适用于所有的形式，那就都用such就不用担心用错的危险了 2 so+adj/adv such+n 放于句子首部后面接部分倒装 So lovely is the boy 八 方式状语从句 引导词 as按照 the way is 以什么什么的方式 入乡随俗 Do in Rome as the Roman d
48、o 注释 as if / as though 好像 也用于方式状语，但是得虚拟 Wish if only 这四个词用法一样都是 现在did were 过去had done 将来 w c+do 九 比较状语 引导词 as`` as``` 和什么什么一样 not as ``` as``不如什么 比较级 than the+比较级，the+比较级 越什么 越什么 He is as tall as me he is taller than me the higher you stand,the farther can see 主将从现 时间状语 条件状语 不一定都主将从现 补
49、充 倍数表达法 Once twice three times 1倍数+as adj adv as 2倍数+比较级+than 3倍数+the size/length/width/depth of The desk is three times as long as that one 三倍 This desk is twice longer than that one 比他长两倍 还是三倍 This desk is three times the length of that one 总结 常见的引导词 1 when 11当什么时 12 突然 121be about t
50、o do 122 be doing 121 122 when 2 since 时间状语 自从+did 原因状语 既然 3while 时间状语 当什么时+进行时 让步状语从句 尽管 放于句子首部 转折 而 用语句中 4as 介词 作为 +n 副词 as adv \ adj as``` 连词1 时间状语 随着` 2 原因状语 因为 语气最弱 3 让步状语 尽管 倒装 4方式状语 按5定语从句 正如 Except+n 或句子 except for+n except that +句子 除了什么之外没有不去的了 Besides 除了什么什么之外还有
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