高三英语期末考试必考知识点概括-1.docx

本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑高三英语期末考试必考学问点概括 英语是典型的需要日常积累的学科，此时，英语科冲刺阶段的复习，就是要回到课本，把单词和语法都重新看一遍，不断的进行学问复习，才能更好的加深印象。以下是我给大家整理的高三英语期末考试必考学问点概括，期望大家能够宠爱! 高三英语期末考试必考学问点概括1 疑问代词概说 疑问代词有who(谁，主格)，whom(谁，宾格)，whose(谁的，全部格)，what(什么)和which(哪个，哪些)等。 疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中 疑问代词一般都放在句首，并在句中作为某一句子成分。如： Who is going to speak to us tomorrow?明天谁来跟我们讲话?(who作主语) Who told you so?是谁告知你的?(who作主语) Whom are you talking about ?你们在说谁?(whom作宾语，但在句首时口语常用who代替whom) Whose umbrella is this ?这是谁的伞?(whose作定语) What is that? 那是什么?(what作表语) What did he say?他说什么?(what作宾语) Which is yours，the blue pen or the redone?蓝笔和红笔哪一支是你的?(which作主语) 注一关于疑问代词的各种用法，可参看77.70-77.72。 注二疑问代词who，what，which等后面加单词ever，可强调语气，表达说话人的各种感情。如： What ever do you want?你到底想要什么? Who ever is she looking for ?她到底是在找谁? 注三which表示在确定范围之内的选择，what则没有这种限制。如： What do you usually have for lunch?你们午饭通常吃些什么? Which do you like best?你最宠爱哪一个? Which of you comrades come from the Northeast? 你们同志们中间谁是东北人? 疑问代词可以引导一个间接疑问句 间接疑问句在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语等。疑问代词本身在间接疑问句中又担当确定的句子成分。如： Who will be in charge of the work is still not decided.谁将负责这项工作，如今还没有确定。(疑问代词who引导一个主语从句，它本身又在从句中用作主语。) Do you know what his name is?你知道他叫什么名字吗?(疑问代词what引导一个宾语从句，而它本身又在从句中用作表语。) 注一 what所引导的名词性从句(即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句) 有时不是间接疑问句。如： What he says is quite true.他所讲的话很对。(what相当于that which。它引导一个主语从句，这个从句不是间接疑问句。) Children do what the nurse tells them to do.保育员让孩子干什么他们就做什么。(what引导一个宾语从句，这个从句也不是间接疑问句。) 注二 whatever，whoever，whichever等词可引导名词性从句。这些名词性从句也不是间接疑问句。whatever，whoever，whichever也可引导表示让步的状语从句。见15.65和15.72)如： They eat whatever they can find.他们找到什么就吃什么。(whatever引导一个宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。) Ive got plenty of books 1eft.Whoever wants an extra copy can get one from me.我还剩下很多书，谁还想再要一本可来拿。(whoever引导一个主语从句，并在从句中作主语。) 高三英语期末考试必考学问点概括2 主谓全都(Subject- Verb Agreement)，指”人称”和”数方面的全都关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football.可分为:语法全都, 内容全都, 就近全都. (一) 语法全都原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为留意事项: 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数. 如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质. No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。 2. 用and连接的并列主语,假如主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我的奇特. When well go out for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已确定了。 4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数. Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都宠爱去游泳. No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有同学开会缺席. Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去挂念。 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如: Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如: Many a boy likes playing basketball. 很多男生都宠爱打篮球. More than one student was late. 不只一个同学迟到 More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来关怀我们。 7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不行数的东西时总是看作单数,因此谓语动词要用单数. 如: None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我焦急。 8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必需用复数. 如: His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若消灭 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如: A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night 天方夜谈; 以及The United Nations联合国 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table. 留意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如: One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。(二) 内容全都原则: 1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如: The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车， 今日出售。 60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。 Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。 Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。 2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如: A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。 A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。 3. 加减乘除用单数.如: Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。 4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如: Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。 5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如: The British police have only very limited powers. (2) 通常作不行数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等. (3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如: The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会确定解雇他。 6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如: The injured were saved after the fire. (三) 就近原则 1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上全都.如: Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了. Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。 Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away? 你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢? 2. 用连词or, either. or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上全都。 如： Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 同学和老师都不知道这事. He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。 留意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如： Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。 The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。 Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是一个饲养宠物的人。 高三英语期末考试必考学问点概括3 1. 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、缘由、让步、条件，方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句;表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如： Put into use in April 2000 (=When it was put into use in April 2000), the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 分词短语作时间状语 Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network (=Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network), Alice was in low spirits. 分词短语作缘由状语 Given time (=If he is given time), hell make a fist-class tennis player. 分词短语作条件状语 We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. (= and think that all children like these things.) 分词短语作伴随状语 2. 有时为了强调，分词前可带when, while, if, though, as if, unless等连词一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如： When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. Though tired, he still continued reading. 3. 如今分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较。 不管是如今分词还是过去分词单独作状语，其规律主语必需与主句的主语全都。分词作状语通常可转换成一个相应的状语从句或并列句，假如状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词;假如状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用如今分词。例如： When compared with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. 分词部分相当于When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth, 主语与分词是被动关系，所以用过去分词。 When comparing it with the size of the whole earth, we find that the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. When we compare it with the size of the whole earth. 主语与分词是主动关系, 所以用如今分词。 Faced with a bill for$10,000(=Because he is faced with a bill for$10,000), John has taken an extra job. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always saying the same thing (= and he would say the same thing). 留意： 1. 如今分词有两种时态：一般式doing和完成式having done。一般式通常表示与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或无先后;完成式则强调分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。如： While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.(同时发生) Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (“等待”先于谓语动词“意识到”) 2. 分词的否认式的构成: not +分词。 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 高三英语期末考试必考学问点概括相关文章： 高三英语学问考点整理概括 高三英语期末学问点复习 高三英语期末复习学问点 高三英语语法学问点归纳汇总 高三英语必背学问总结学问归纳 2021年高三英语复习学问点归纳 高考英语学问点考点总结归纳 2021高考英语必考学问点归纳 高三英语高考复习学问点归纳介绍共享 最新高考英语考试必考学问点 第 9 页 共 9 页