1、 专四阅读理解附带答案 26) Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—thewords. Words do provide us with some information, butmeanings are derived from so many other sources that itwould hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationshipto rely too heavily on words alone. Words are
2、used todescribe only a small part of the many ideas we associatewith any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight intosome of those associations if we listen for more than words.We don’t always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don’t meananything except “ I’m letting off
3、some steam. I don’t really want you to pay close attention towhat I’m saying. Just pay attention to what I’m feeling.” Mostly we mean several things atonce. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, “This step has to befixed before I’ll buy.” The owner says, “ It’s been like th
4、at for years.” Actually, the step hasn’tbeen like that for years, but the unspoken message is: “ I don’t want to fix it. We put up withit. Why can’t you?” The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed ofexamining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related con
5、ditions orsituation, and how it was said. When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples doexactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after anargument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behavior
6、s maymean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior. A friend’s unusually docilebehavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required anabnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developingpattern of responses and defy
7、 logic. For example, a person who says “No!” to a serials ofcharges like “You’re dumb,” “You’re lazy,” and “You’re dishonest,” may also say “No!” and tryto justify his or her response if the next statement is “And you’re good looking.” We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The
8、words, “If sure has been niceto have you over,” can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase canbe said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase willchange accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importan
9、ce;sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes. 1.Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners, if ___. A.they use proper words to carry their ideas. B.they both speak truly of their own feelings. C.they try to understand each other’s ideas
10、beyond words. D.they are capable of associating meaning with their words. 2.“I’m letting off some steam” in paragraph 1 means___. A.I’m just calling your attention. B.I’m just kidding. C.I’m just saying the opposite. D.I’m just giving off some sound. 3.The house-owner’s example shows that he
11、actually means___. A.the step has been like that for years. B.he doesn’t think it necessary to fix the step. C.the condition of the step is only a minor fault. D.the cost involved in the fixing should be shared. 4.Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if___
12、 A.linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness. B.seen as one’s habitual pattern of behavior. C.taken as part of an ordering sequence. D.expressed to a series of charges. 5.The word “ritualistically” in the last paragraph equals something done___. A.without true intention. B.light-heartedl
13、y. C.in a way of ceremony. D.with less emphasis. 25) We can begin our discussion of “population as global issue”with what most persons mean when they discuss “thepopulation problem”: too many people on earth and a toorapid increase in the number added each year. The facts arenot in dispute, It
14、 was quite right to employ the analogy thatlikened demographic growth to “a long, thin powder fuse thatburns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the chargeand explodes.” To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, itis necessary to under
15、stand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparativelyrecent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find thatpopulations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. Formost of our ancestors, life was hard, often nast
16、y, and very short. There was high fertility inmost places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it wasseldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhoodwere especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger
17、of extinction because deathrates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of historywas how to prevent extinction of the human race. This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographicgrowth into a historical perspective,
18、but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase inpopulation in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvementin the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality. Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which
19、extended from about 8,000 BC.till approximately AD. 1650. In the first period of some 9600years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 andthe present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it isestimated that by the year
20、 2000 there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world. One wayto appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame tosomething that is more manageable. Between 8000BC and 1650, an average of only 50,000persons was being added annually to the world’s popul
21、ation each year. At present, this numberis added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually. 1.Which of the following demographic growth pattern is most suitable for the long thin powderfuse analogy? A.A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explo
22、sion of population. B.A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase. C.Too many people on earth and a few rapid increase in the number added each year. D.A long period when death rates exceeds birthrates and then a short period with higherfertility and lower mortalit
23、y. 2.During the first period of demographic history, societies were often in danger of extinctionbecause___. A.only one in ten persons could live past 40. B.there was higher mortality than fertility in most places. C.it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditions. D.our ancestor
24、s had little enthusiasm for more children. 3.Which statement is true about population increase? A.There might be an increase of 2.2 billion persons from now to the year 2000. B.About 50,000 babies are born every six hours at present. C.Between 8000 BC and the present, the population increase is
25、about 80,000,000 personseach year. D.The population increased faster between 8000BC and 1650 than between 1650 and thepresent. 4.The author of the passage intends to___. A.warn people against the population explosion in the near future. B.compare the demographic growth pattern in the past with t
26、hat after 1650. C.find out the cause for rapid increase in population in recent years. D.present us a clear and complete picture of the demographic growth. 5.The word “demographic” in the first paragraph means___. A.statistics of human. B.surroundings study. C.accumulation of human. D.develop
27、ment of human. 24) Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning totalk does not learn by being corrected all the time; ifcorrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices athousand times a day the difference between the languageshe uses and the language those around him use. B
28、it by bit,he makes the necessary changes to make his language likeother people. In the same way, when children learn to do allthe other things they learn to do without being taught-towalk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle-compare those performances with those of more skilledpeople, and slowly mak
29、e the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance tofind out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as ifwe thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct itunless he was made to. Soon he becomes
30、dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Lethim work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answeris to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not. If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science
31、 give him the answerbook. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routinework? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to getthe right answer. Let’s end this nonsense of grades, exams, marks, Let us throw them all out,and let
32、 the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measuretheir own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know. Let them get on with this job in the way that seems sensible to them. With our help as schoolteachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a bod
33、y of knowledge to be learnt at schooland used for the rest of one’s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changingas ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essentialthey will need to get in the world?” Don’t worry! If it is essential, they
34、will go out into theworld and learn it. 1.What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things? A.by copying what other people do. B.by making mistakes and having them corrected. C.by listening to explanations from skilled people. D.by asking a great many questions. 2.What d
35、oes the author think teachers do which they should not do? A.They give children correct answers. B.They point out children’s mistakes to them. C.They allow children to mark their own work. D.They encourage children to mark to copy from one another. 3.The passage suggests that learning to speak
36、and learning to ride a bicycle are___. A.not really important skills. B.more important than other skills. C.basically different from learning adult skills. D.basically the same as learning other skills. 4.Exams, grades, and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only beest
37、imated by___. A.educated persons. B.the children themselves. C.teachers. D.parents. 5.The author fears that children will grow up into adults while being___. A.too independent of others. B.too critical of themselves. C.incapable to think for themselves. D.incapable to use basic skills. 2
38、3) Chinese Americans today have higher incomes than Americansin general and higher occupational status. The Chinese haverisen to this position despite some of the harshestdiscrimination and violence faced by any immigrants to theUnited States in the history of this country. Long confined toa narrow
39、 range of occupations they succeeded in thoseoccupations and then spread out into other areas in lateryears, when opportunities finally opened up for them. Todaymuch of the Chinese prosperity is due to the simple fact that they work more and have more(usually better) education than others. Almost on
40、e out of five Chinese families has three ormore income earners compared to one out of thirteen for Puerto Ricans, one out of ten amongAmerican Indians, and one out of eight among Whites. When the Chinese advantages inworking and educational are held constant, they have no advantage over other Americ
41、ans.That is in a Chinese Family with a given number of people working and with a given amount ofeducation by the head of the family, the income is not only about average for such families,and offer a little less than average. While Chinese Americans as a group are prosperous and well-educated China
42、towns are pocketsof poverty, and illiteracy is much higher among the Chinese than among Americans in general.Those paradoxes are due to sharp internal differences. Descendants of the Chinese Americanswho emigrated long ago from Toishan Province have maintained Chinese values and haveadded acculturat
43、ion to American society with remarkable success. More recent Hong KongChinese are from more diverse cultural origins, and acquired western values and styles in HongKong, without having acquired the skills to proper and support those aspirations in theAmerican economy. Foreign-born Chinese men in the
44、 United States are one-fourth lowerincomes than native-born Chinese even though the foreign-born have been in the UnitedStates an average of seventeen years. While the older Hong Kong Chinese work tenaciously tosustain and advance themselves, the Hong Kong Chinese youths often react with resentmenta
45、nd antisocial behavior, including terrorism and murder. The need to maintain tourism inChinatown causes the Chinese leaders to mute or downplay these problems as much aspossible. 1.According to the passage, today, Chinese Americans owe their prosperity to___. A.their diligence and better education
46、 than others. B.their support of American government. C.their fight against discriminations. D.advantages in working only. 2.The passage is mainly concerned with___. A.chinese Americans today. B.social status of Chinese Americans today. C.incomes and occupational status of Chinese Americans t
47、oday. D.problems of Chinese Americans today. 3.Chinatowns are pockets of poverty, as is probably associated with___. A.most descendants of Chinese Americans are rebelling. B.most descendants of Chinese Americans are illiterate. C.sharp internal difference between Chinese coming from different c
48、ultural backgrounds. D.only a few Chinese Americans are rich. 4.Which of the following statements is not true according to this article A.As part of the minority, Chinese Americans are still experiencing discrimination in Americantoday. B.Nowadays, Chinese Americans are working in wider fields.
49、 C.Foreign-born Chinese earn lower income than native-born Chinese Americans with the similaradvantages in the U.S. D.None of the above. 5.According to the author, which of the following can best describe the older Hong KongChinese and the younger A.Tenacious; rebellion. B.Conservative; open-m
50、inded. C.Out-of-date; fashionable. D.Obedient; disobedient. 22) Computers monitor everything in Singapore from soilcomposition to location of manholes. At the airport, it tookjust 15 seconds for the computerized immigration system toscan and approve my passport. It takes only one minute tobe c






