2023年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题.doc

北京大学2023年博士硕士入学考试英语试题
Paｒt Onｅ Listｅｎing　Coｍpreｈｅnsion （２０　ｐｏintｓ)
(略）
Parｔ　Tｗo 　Strｕcｔure　ａnd　Wriｔten Expresｓioｎ (２０ ｐｏintｓ)
Dｉrecｔionｓ:　Iｎ eaｃh queｓｔion　ｄecidｅ　ｗhich oｆ ｔhe fｏｕr choices givｅn wｉll most ｓuｉtaｂly　coｍpleｔe ｔhe sentence　if ｉnｓerteｄ aｔ the plａce ｍarked. Put the letter ｏf youｒ cｈｏiｃe　oｎ ｔhe ANＳWＥR　SHＥET（１). （20 points)
41．Thaｔ　Ｐaciｆic ｉslａｎd　ａttracts shoals　of ｔｏuriｓts witｈ　its ｒicｈ ＿_____ of folｋ　arｔs.
A．ｈeritａge 　　 B．heｒｅdｉｔy 　　 　　C．ｈeroism 　 　　 D．hermitage
4２．Aｓ ｆor　the misｓiｎg funds, the　coｍpanｙ　mａnａger,　wheｎ　dｅmａnded to gｉｖe an expｌanation,　coｕlｄ ｎot even ｃome ｕｐ　ｗiｔh ａ ___＿__ ｏne．
A.plaｉnｔiｖe 　 　 B．ｐeｒｖasivｅ 　　　　C．pｅrpｅｔual 　 Ｄ．plausible
43．The goｖernment's poｌiｃies iｎ the　paｓt fｉve yeａrs haｖe shｏwn a（n） _＿＿＿＿_　in ｅmphasiｚing tｈe necessｉｔｙ of iｍproviｎg　the peasaｎｔs' livelihooｄ．
Ａ．exａltａtion 　 　B．coherence 　　 C.agｏny 　 D　behavioｒ
44．The Chineｓe ｗorld dｉvｉng ｃhampion wａs ＿＿__＿_ from tｈe　national　tｅam,　which news haｓ beｅn　front-page　rｅpoｒt ｉn　tｈe　ｃoｕnｔry　ｆｏｒ　seｖerａl dayｓ．
A.displaｙｅｄ 　 B.ｄispeｒｓed 　 　 C.disarｍed 　　 Ｄ．dismissed
45.A coｍet　is ｄistinｇuisｈed ｆrom other　boｄｉes in ｔｈe solar system ＿___＿_．
A.into　ｉｔs ａｐｐｅaraｎcｅ 　 　　B.off iｔs appearaｎce
C．ｂｙ its appearaｎcｅ 　D.to　iｔｓ　ａppearanｃe
46．＿＿__＿_ of　ｔhｅ Pennsyｌｖaｎia Gaｚette, Ｂｅｎｊaｍｉｎ Ｆｒaｎklｉn tried ｈard ｔo mａkｅ tｈｅ　periodical popular.
A.Ａｓ　ownｅr anｄ　eｄitor　 　 Ｂ．Ｗhile　was owner and editor
C．Ｈaving bｅing ownｅr　ａｎｄ editor 　 D．To be　oｗner ａｎd editor
47.______　thｅ　Firｓt Wｏrlｄ　War, the United　Sｔates ｂeｃａme the　dｏminant fｏrce ｉn thｅ mｏtｉon－picｔure industry．
A．Ｉt waｓ ｄuring ｔhe advｅｎt unｄer 　 B．Ｗith tｈe　ａdveｎt of
C.Tｏ fｏlｌow　the ａdveｎt iｎ 　　 D．Upon thｅ aｄｖent at
48．Ｈe　haｄ nｏ alternativｅ but ______ to fight ｉn　ｔhe Mｉｄdle Eａst.
Ａ.to　go 　　　B.ｇｏ　 　 Ｃ．ｇoｉng　　 D．weｎt
４9．Shall we requｅst that　tｈe　ｍanager ＿____＿ ｏuｒ suggｅｓtion　ａgａiｎ？
Ａ.conｓider 　 B．ｃonｓiderｓ 　 C．shoｕld　cｏnsｉder　　 　Ｄ．muｓｔ consider
50.Ｈｅ　ｈas ｌｉttle ｔｒｏｕble __＿___ tｈｅ tiｒes of　hiｓ cａr.
Ａ．tｏ ｆiｘ 　 Ｂ．fix　 　 　 C．fｉｘｉｎｇ D．witｈ ｆiｘing
５１.John ｗｉshes ｎow　that　he _＿_＿__ tｈe Ｓpｒinｇ Fｅstivａｌ at homｅ.
A.speｎt 　 　 　 Ｂ.haｄ sｐenｔ 　 　 C.ｈａs　speｎｔ　 　 D.ｄiｄ ｓpｅnｄ
52．Ｔhe ｈostess __＿__＿ ｔhe maｉd __＿_＿_ the ｔable fｏｒ dinｎeｒ while　wｅ ａrrｉｖed　after a　ｔhreｅ-ｈｏur　drｉve frｏm the towｎ.
A.tolｄ，　to　maｋe 　 　Ｂ.was telliｎｇ,　ｔo do
Ｃ．tｏld， to ｌaｙ 　 　 　 D.ｗas telling， to ｓeｔ
53．Ｍrs． Ｊaｍes __＿__＿　a dｉｖorｃe ｆrom her huｓbａnｄ， for she cａｎ ｎo loｎgｅr _＿_＿__　his storｍｙ temper.
A．ｉs sｅekｉｎg, put ｕｐ　ｗitｈ　 　　　　 B．seeｋs， pｕt ｄoｗn ｗith
C.ｉs seekｉｎg, pｕｔ ｕp　for 　 D．seeｋs, put　down ｆor
54．Befｏre she cｏuｌd　sｈout　"look　_＿___" ｔo　tｈｅ　olｄ man,　he　wａｓ rｕn＿____＿　by　a car cｏmiｎg fｒom hｉs lefｔ．
A．bａck, oｎ 　 　　Ｂ.ｏuｔ, over 　C.up,　doｗn 　 　 　　 Ｄ.aｈeａd, at
55.Iｎ　the noｒth of the countrｙ, the sｕn　alｗays shines _＿___＿ thｅ ｖasｔ pｒairｉe　laｎd in sｕｍmｅr.
A.bｒigｈtly oｎ 　 　 Ｂ．bｒigｈt on 　 　 C.bｒｉghｔ　in 　 　 D.brightｌy　in
56.Tｈat　grａnd-ｓｉzed pｉｎe ｔｒｅe _____＿ ｔhe hoｒizｏn．
A.stａnｄｓ ｕp welｌ aｇａinｓt 　 　 B．sｔands ouｔ gｏｏd to
C．sｔanｄs oｕt　welｌ ａgａinst　 　　 　 D.stａndｓ up gｏｏd　to
57."The effeｃt of tｈis ｍedicinｅ ＿＿___＿　by midｎｉｇｈt,＂　the　ｄoctｏr ｔｏld Ｅmma "Ｙou haｄ beｔｔｅｒ ｎoｔ tｒy to ｒeａd　toｎight.＂
A.will wear　oｆf 　 B.weaｒｓ　ofｆ
C.wiｌｌ have worｎ off 　 D．ｗiｌｌ be ｗorn　ofｆ
５８．_____＿，　the guest speakｅr　was ushereｄ iｎｔo tｈｅ auditｏrium　ｈall ｔo　ｇiｖe ｔhe leｃture.
A．Beiｎg　showｎ　arｏund ｔhｅ campｕs
B.Hａｖing shown to the caｍpｕs
Ｃ.Afteｒ bｅen　sｈown　arounｄ thｅ　caｍpｕｓ
Ｄ．Having beｅn sｈown arouｎd　tｈｅ cａmｐus
59.The nｅw ｃomputer viruｓ ___＿＿_,　the sｙstｅm ｗａs　resｔoreｄ to　ｉtｓ nｏrｍaｌ operaｔiｏn.
A.haｖiｎｇ remoｖｅｄ 　 B.beｉnｇ　rｅmovｅd
C．ｈad beeｎ removed　 　 　D．was　rｅmoved
60.Surｖeyｓ sｈoｗ that _＿____ less slｅｅp tｈａｎ　ｗe ｔhiｎk, ___＿__　ｔoｏ　mｕch sleep　couｌd　ｅven　haｒm ouｒ health.
Ａ．ｎot oｎly do we　need, but that　 　 B.not oｎly wｅ　need,　but ａlso
C.not oｎlｙ wｅ neｅd， bｕt that 　 　 D.noｔ onｌy do we need， but　also
Ｐａrｔ Ｔｈrｅe Ｒｅadinｇ Ｃomprehｅｎsioｎ　(2５ pｏints)
Ⅰ
Ｄirecｔions: Each of the　paｓsageｓ below　is fｏllｏwｅｄ　by somｅ questiｏns． Fｏｒ eａch qｕｅｓtｉon foｕr ａnswerｓ are ｇｉveｎ. Read the passａgｅs　carｅfully ａnｄ　chooｓe the best answer ｔo each quesｔiｏn． Ｐut your anｓwer ｏｎ　tｈe ＡNＳＷER SＨEEＴ(1）． 　(10 points)
Passage Ｏne
Ｃｅll Ｐhoｎe Hegemoｎy
I ｒeｃall how annoyｉng　it ｗａｓ　years aｇｏ wheｎ smｏking ｅvｅｒywhｅre waｓ legal in Ｃalｉfｏrnia. Manｙ coｍplaｉned ａbout ｔhｅ restrｉｃtions whｅn　thｅy arriｖｅd, ｂut　I dｉｄn't, because I　ｓerｉously ｈａｔeｄ　watchinｇ shoｐpers smokｉnｇ　through tｈe tomatｏeｓ and lettuｃe ｉn　the ｖegetable secｔiｏｎ oｆ the store．
Ｐeoplｅ forgｅt how sｉｃｋｅｎing　thaｔ ｕsed ｔｏ　ｂe,　espｅｃiａllｙ with　ｔhｅ butts alｌ oveｒ the ｇrｏcerｙ stｏrｅ floor.　Tossiｎg a burｎing　ｓmｏkｅ　on the　gｒound, stｏmping iｔ ｗitｈ yｏur fｏｏt， anｄ ｌeａvｉｎg it to　be sｗeｐt ｕp ｂy ｓomebody else lａter wａs ｓomehow OK.
Bｕt laｗs　ｗｅｒｅ paｓsed, and you cｏｕｌd fiｎally shop wiｔhout having to buｙ brｏcｃoli　wｈilｅ　gagging　oｎ a neaｒby Wｉnstｏn.
Grocｅry ｓtｏreｓ　ａre noｗ filled　with　dｒｉpｓ talkinｇ on　cｅll phones　about their siｓters. I bｅlｉeｖe these ｏbnｏxioｕｓ ｃｈatteｒeｒs arｅ ａll ｒｅbｅllious smokers gｅttｉng back at ｕs. This iｓ ｗｏrsｅ thａn smoking! Hoｗ　dｉd tｈese phonｅs　ｃome　to domｉnate　oｕr lives ｌike ｔｈis, and doeｓ anｙｏnｅ　ｅven try　to resｉｓt?
Cell　pｈoｎes ｎow ｒｕｌe ｔhe worlｄ's ｃolｌeｃtiｖe uｎconscious in　unｔｏｌd waｙｓ. What　astｏnishes mｅ about all this is tｈe ｓｏｃｉology tｈat has ｃreｐｔ ｕp on uｓ. Ｗhy　ｄｏ we ｈavｅ ｔhｉs iｎcessａnｔ need tｏ ｃhａt　oｎ cell phｏｎeｓ　aｌｌ daｙ long? Ｔest oｕt tｈiｓ thesis. Mａke　a　ｎotｅ　ｏf a fｒiend ｗhｏ ｃaｌｌｓ　yoｕ　ｆrom botｈ ａ cell pｈone aｎd　a ｌａnd－ｌｉne at ｄiｆfeｒｅnｔ ｔimes. Tiｍe the　cａlｌs aｎd ｎote the content. The cell phｏｎe cａllｓ ｗill always be lｏnｇｅr aｎｄ　morｅ　iｎaｎe—wｉthｏut eｘcｅptions!
61．In ｔhe　seｃｏnd sｅｎtencｅ oｆ thｅ　first　pａragrａph, the ｐrｏnｏun "they" in　"when they arrｉve" refｅｒs to ＿___＿_.
A.ｒｅsｔriｃｔｉｏnｓ　 　 　B.shｏpｐers 　 Ｃ.ｃomplａｉntｓ 　 D．ｐｅople
６２．In　tｈe tｈird　paｒagraｐh, "gagging　on a neａrby　Wｉnsｔｏｎ＂ meaｎs _＿____.
A．near ｔｈe ｂrｏccｏli ｃｏuｎteｒ ｍ the sｈop ｗａs tｈｅ cｏｕnter ｔｈat sold cigａｒettes
B.while bｕｙing vegetａｂｌes, one verｙ oftｅn inhaled cigａreｔte smｏke　in　the shop
C.thｅre were manｙ pｅople in tｈｅ shｏp who ｗere smoking Winｓtｏn ｂrａnd cigａｒeｔteｓ
D．yｅars ago，　ｔhｅ　majorｉty of thｅ ｓhｏｐperｓ smｏked when buyinｇ thｉnｇｓ
63.Aｃcｏrdinｇ　to　tｈe 4th paｒagraph， ｗhicｈ of the ｆoｌlowiｎg ｓtatｅｍents iｓ ＴＲUＥ?
A.Peoｐle ｌikｅ tｏ taｌk iｎ　gｒocｅｒy stoｒes endlesｓly abｏut ｔhｅir sistｅrs　ａnd faｍｉly mａtteｒｓ.
Ｂ．The　obnoxｉｏuｓ useｒs of　ceｌl phone in　pｕblic ｐｌacｅｓ rｅmiｎd　us ｏf the ｓmｏkｅrｓ in groｃery sｔorｅs yeａｒs ａgo．
C．Ｓmokｅrｓ ｗere ａnｇｒｙ whｅn　lａws　wｅrｅ ｐasｓed　ｔo　ｆｏrｂｉd ｓmoking　ｉn grｏceｒｉｅs, and ｔhｅｙ now ｔalked loudlｙ ｉn ｔｈｅ shops　on ceｌl pｈone ｔo rebｅl anｄ reｖenge.
Ｄ.Ｐeoｐｌe who　ｎｏw　ｔalｋ inｃessantｌy ｏｎ ｃell ｐhone in gｒoceｒy stoｒes ａre　those ｗｈo lｉked to　smｏke　ｔhere ｂefore．
64．Whａt　ｄｏ you　ｔhinｋ is the　writeｒ's ｐurpｏse in wｒitｉｎg ｔｈis　ｐassage?
A.Ｔｏ tell thｅ　rｅadeｒ　thａｔ　tｈe usｅ　oｆ cell ｐｈｏnes is　as bａd as　sｍokiｎg.
B．Ｔｏ caｌｌ foｒ a　baｎ oｎ　thｅ ｕｓe　ｏf cｅll phones ｉn ｔhe　ｐuｂliｃ.
C．To　emｐhasizｅ　tｈe ｉmmoraｌ efｆect oｆ ｔhe　cell phoｎe oｎ oｕr cｏnscioｕｓness.
D．To dｒaw pｕbｌiｃ　attention　to tｈe probｌeｍｓ causｅd by ｔhe ｕse of cｅlｌ pｈonｅs.
Passａge Ｔwo
English as　a Woｒld Ｌanｇuage
English　is a vｉcｔｉｍ ｏｆ ｉｔs　oｗn sｕｃcess. Newｓpapers ｉn England haｖe noticed that the incorｒeｃt use of　ｃlicｈés arｅ mａrriｎｇ ｔhｅ smooth fｌow　of a ｇrｅat langｕａge ｗhｏsｅ ａｂilitｙ to ｉmbｉbｅ anｄ aｂsoｒb has ｂeeｎ　one impｏrｔant　reasoｎ ｆor　ｉtｓ success. Ｔhis　succesｓ　ａlso stemｓ from tｈｅ ｌanguaｇe's ｕnｉque positioｎ ｏｆ beiｎg the ｏｎlｙ　one　ｓpoken ｉn　mｏst partｓ ｏｆ ｔhe woｒld. Realｌy，　Eｎglｉｓh ｈas　nｏ boundａｒｉｅs. Eｖen in　cｏuｎtrieｓ suｃh　as Japan anｄ Chｉna, wｈich　werｅ noｔ colonｉzed ｂy　Bｒitain,　Englisｈ is maｋing a dｅｔermｉｎed ＂coｎｑｕeｓｔ"．
Unfortunately, sｕｃh　a conqｕest iｓ not alｗayｓ　welcomｅ ｂｅｃaｕｓe a ｌanguaｇe　someｔiｍes dｏubles as a　poｌiｔical weａｐon. Ｉｎ fａct, it　has alwａys ｌed a　ｔroｕblｅd life. It hａs beｅn dislikｅd, eveｎ haｔed, lａrｇely　because thｅ peopｌｅ who oriｇinally　sｐoke　Ｅnglｉｓh ｃonquerｅｄ, cｏlonized ａnd　terrorized ｈalf tｈｅ woｒld， or jusｔ ａbout.　Ｔｈｅ aｎimositｙ to tｈｅ　ｌanguａｇｅ continues,　at　ｌｅａst ｉn ｓoｍｅ ｐlaｃeｓ. Tｈe ｂｉｔtｅrｎesｓ that ｔhｅ　Ｆｒｅnｃh, fｏr instance, havｅ for Eｎglｉsｈ　is a gｏod　eｘaｍｐｌe ｏf a　lａnguage　being giveｎ ａ　quaｓi-poｌitｉcal role in sｏcｉｅｔy．
Forｔｕnａtelｙ, ｔｈｉs　ａｖｅrｓion　does ｎｏt ｒｕn　as　dｅep ａs it　dｉd some　years aｇo, ａnd therｅ　is ａ growing　realｉｚatiｏn that Englｉsh iｓ the lingua ｆraｎca． Mａｎｙ ｎａtions, such as　Chinａ and Jaｐａn， have　ｂeｅn ｍakinｇ serious ｅffoｒｔs to pｒｏmoｔe the lａnguage．
Ｂuｔ　there migｈｔ be　a　sｅｒiｏus prｏｂlem　if ｅｖerｙ　sｔａｔe ｏr　coｎtineｎt　werｅ　ｔo have iｔs ｏwｎ ｖｅrsｉon of　Eｎglｉsh. As is ｐｏiｎｔeｄ out by　the nｅwspaperｓ of England, ｗith tｏo many ｖariaｔiｏns ｏf tｈe　languagｅ, a　tｉme may　comｅ whｅｎ ｏｎｅ grouｐ oｆ English-ｓpｅakinｇ pｅoplｅ may not　ｂｅ abｌe　ｔｏ　ｕndｅrｓtand anoｔher． Tｈis　ｉｓ hａppeｎinｇ. Hear　the way Ｓinｇaporｅanｓ speaｋ Engliｓh. Listｅn to　tｈe Australianｓ　pronouncing　"e"; ｉｔ　sounds like "a＂．　And ｖery possiｂｌy, in ｔhe　fuｔure　noｂody will tｒｙ ｔｏ　ｃorrｅct sｃhooｌ　ｂoｙｓ　anｄ girls　fｏr getｔiｎg theｉr　Eｎgｌish ｗroｎg．
6５.In thｉs　passaｇe，　tｈe ｓuｃｃｅss of Eｎｇｌiｓh　refers tｏ　tｈe fａcｔ that ＿__＿_＿.
A．it haｓ ｂecome ｔhe　most　widely usｅd languaｇe in the　world
Ｂ．it　has　made　a coｎｑuest　ｉn Japａn ａnｄ Chiｎa, whｉｃh　wｅre nｏｔ cｏｌｏnized bｙ Britaｉn
Ｃ.ｉt　has bｅaten ｏtheｒ　languａｇｅs　such as Ｆrench
Ｄ．eacｈ state or conｔinent has　ｉts　ｏwn versｉoｎ ｏf　Englｉｓh
66．Tｈe bitterｎeｓｓ of thｅ Frｅncｈ ｐeople　tｏｗard　the　Ｅngｌish lａnguａgｅ sｈowｓ _＿____．
Ａ．what ａ　politicａｌ roｌｅ langｕagｅs cａｎ plaｙ　iｎ socｉety
B．how ｐeopｌe can ａttaｃh poｌitical siｇnificａnce　tｏ whｉch　lanｇuaｇe　tｈey speaｋ
C.ｌaｎgｕaｇes in　ｆａct　ａlwａys fａil　to　plaｙ ａ polｉtｉｃaｌ rolｅ in ｓociety
D．somｅ peｏple　liｋe to gｉｖe　ｌanｇｕages　ｒoｌes to pｌaｙ
67.In　the fｕtuｒｅ， noboｄｙ wilｌ trｙ tｏ corrｅct　children　ｗhen　theｙ　spｅaｋ wrong Engliｓh, bｅcａｕsｅ __＿___.
A.pｅｏple alｌ　want to　ｐromｏｔe ｔｈe ｌeaｒning oｆ Englｉsh
B.Ｅnｇliｓh will change ｔo　be tｈａt spokｅn ｂｙ Ｓingapｏｒｅans anｄ Austｒalians
C．pｅoplｅ wｉｌl noｔ ｂe　able tｏ ｕndｅrｓtａｎｄ each　othｅr
D.ｔoo many ｖersiｏｎs oｆ　Engｌish will ｍaｋe iｔ imｐｏssｉble to ｔell　what iｓ　cｏrreｃt Eｎglish
Paｓsａge Thrｅe
Ａf fluｅnza
For manｙ peｏple,　ｅcｏnomic grｏwth anｄ an incｒease in　pｏsｓｅssionｓ are sｉgｎs of prｏgress, but　for aｎtｉ-consumer groups ovｅｒｃonsｕｍption ａnd ｍatｅrialism are sｉｃkｎｅssｅs．　Ａ rｅcent Ｐuｂlic Ｂrｏaｄcａstｉｎg　Ｓervice coiｎed the term affluenza, whｉch deｓｃriｂeｓ ｃｏnsumptｉon　of ｍateriａl　goｏds　iｎ a sｔｒoｎｇly negａtive waｙ.
Ａｆ-ｆlｕ－eｎ-ｚa　(ｎoun) cｏｍbines tｗo words: affｌuencｅ　ａｎd　flｕenza. Ａcｃorｄiｎｇ　to aｎｔiconsumer ａnｄ envirｏnｍｅntal fｉghts organiｚations, ｔhe hｉgh　conｓumpｔion lｉfe styleｓ of afｆlueｎce　cａｕse people　to　ｂe lesｓ hａppy even　ｔｈoｕｇh tｈey arｅ ａｃquirｉng ｍore "things".　Tｈe　majｏｒ negative effeｃｔ on　tｈe eｎviｒonment is　thaｔ　overｃonsuｍｐtion is deｐleting tｈe　wｏrld's naｔural resoｕrcｅs, ａnti-coｎsumｅr groups　ａｒgｕｅ. Ｆｕrthermoｒe, the　groups ｏｂsｅrｖe　thａt ａn　aｒtificｉal, oｎgoｉng ａnd inｓatiable quest for ｔhingｓ and tｈe money ｔo buｙ them ｈａs　rｅplaced tｈｅ nｏrｍal deｓire for　an　ａdequate ｓuppｌy of life＇ｓ　necessities， commｕnity lｉfe, a ｓtabｌｅ fａmｉly, and　healthy reｌationships. For　example, tｏdａy's famiｌies aｒe reｐlaｃing　ｉteｍｓ much moｒe　ｆrｅquently ｔhａn in ｔhe　pａst. Ｍanｙ Aｍerｉcａｎｓ ｎow ｔreat clｏthiｎg　ａs "diｓposable",disｃａｒdinｇ clｏthes wｈｅｎ fａshｉon cｈanges， and crｅatinｇ a boom iｎ　thriｆt stｏｒeｓ and yard ｓales.　Thｅ US A's largｅｓt expｏrt iｓ noｗ used cloｔhｅs．　Abｏuｔ 2．5 miｌlion　ｔons of unfashionablｅ old clothes ａnd　rags are ｓoｌｄ to Third Worlｄ couｎtries every yeaｒ.
68.A coined wｏrd　is a worｄ that _____＿．
Ａ．cｏmbineｓ two worｄs　ｔogetｈer
B.is often made by ｐuttiｎg　ｗords or pａrｔs　ｏｆ　ｗords togｅtheｒ
C．is mａde　in thｅ way cｏｉnｓ　arｅ produｃed
D．ｇiｖes　aｎ　oｌd ｗorld a new meaｎing
69．In　the　word "ａfｆluenza" it implｉed tｈｅ meaｎing tｈａｔ __＿＿__.
A．tｏo mｕｃh monｅｙ　iｓ　a　dｉsａsｔeｒ
B．a ｌiｆe of aｆfｌuence is　ｌｉｋe a fluenza
C．overconsumption　is likｅ aｎ epidemiｃ brought by　affluence
D．affｌｕeｎcｅ is ａ neｇative　tｈing
70.Ａccｏｒｄing to ｔhiｓ ｐaｓｓage,　ｗｈich of tｈｅ foｌlowｉng stateｍeｎts is ＮOT true?
Ａ.Consuｍing insatｉably　ｗiｌl hasten　the ｅxhａustｉoｎ　oｆ natural　ｒesｏｕrces．
B．Ａ ｓuperｆｉｃiａl ｐuｒｓuiｔ　of material ｔhinｇs ｗill ｂriｎｇ　probleｍｓ to　famiｌy relatiｏnshiｐｓ.
Ｃ．Ｏｎe ｐosiｔｉｖｅ ｔｈing　ａbout　oｖｅrcｏnsumpｔｉon of Ameriｃａnｓ　iｓ that ｌarｇe ｅxporｔs　oｆ ｕｓｅd cｌoｔhes are seｎｔ to Third　Wｏrlｄ cｏuntrｉes.
D.Americans　ｎowaｄays ａre　replacｉng tｈｅiｒ　cars，　TV sets and furｎiture ｖerｙ fｒequently.
Ⅱ
Dirｅctions： Reaｄ thｅ ｆollowing ｐassａge　ｃａrefulｌy aｎd thｅn eｘpｌaｉｎ　ｉn yｏur　own　Eｎglish　thｅ exaｃt mｅaniｎｇ of　ｔhe numbｅrｅd　aｎｄ underｌｉneｄ ｐartｓ. Puｔ yｏur answeｒs　on the ＡNＳWER ＳＨＥＥT (２）．　 (１5 poinｔｓ）
Aｍｅrica Lｏses ａ　Ｇreａt　Pｕｂｌｉc　Thiｎｋeｒ
Aｒｔhur Ｍiｌlｅｒ'ｓ death lａsｔ ｗeｅｋ ｍｅant moｒe　ｔhan ｔｈｅ ｌosｓ　oｆ　ａn ｏuｔstａnding pｌaｙwright. It ｗａs the ｌoss　ｏf　a　greａｔ ｐｕbliｃ ｔhinkeｒ who ｂelｉｅveｄ ｓtrongly thａｔ ｔhe ｅsseｎce　of America—its greatｎeｓs wａs　in its promises. (7１) Mｉｌler ｋneｗ whａt ignｏrance and　ｆear and thｅ ｍadnesｓ of　crowds， especially whｅn ｅｘｐloiteｄ　by　ｓｉnisｔer ｌeaｄeｒship, ｃouｌｄ dｏ to　those prｏｍｉses.　（72) His　greａｔeｓｔ concerns, "werｅ wｉtｈ ｔhe mｏｒal　corruptｉon brougｈｔ　oｎ bｙ bendiｎｇ one's ideals　tｏ socｉｅty's ｄicｔates， buｙing inｔo the ｖalues ｏf a gｒoｕｐ when tｈey conflｉct　ｗｉth the vｏｉcｅ of ｐersonａl cｏnscience."　(７3) Ｔhｅ ｉｎdiｖｉｄuａｌ in Ｍiｌler＇s view， had an ａbiding　ｍｏral　ｒeｓｐonsｉbｉlity　fｏr hiｓ or ｈer ｏwn behaｖｉor, aｎd　for tｈe bｅhaｖｉoｒ of sｏｃｉeｔy ａｓ a　ｗhｏle. He sａid tｈaｔ　"I ｆelt thaｔ as ｉmprｏbａble as it　miｇht seeｍ, ｔherｅ　ｗｅrｅ　mｏmentｓ wｈｅn an inｄｉviduａl conｓｃiｅｎce　was aｌl　that couｌd keｅp　a worｌｄ ｆrom falｌｉng."
Miller　ｓaw　sｏmｅ　oｆ the difｆeｒeｎceｓ　in　two shａｒｐly　ｄeｆiｎeｄ eras：　tｈe Dｅｐreｓsioｎwｒackｅd 1９30s　and ｔhe pｒosｐeroｕs ｐｏｓtｗaｒ　19５０s. Ｉt　ｗａs perhapｓ arｏunｄ　193６,　pｅoｐｌe who　used　ｔo mind no ｐoliｔｉｅs began tｈiｎkiｎg　for the fｉrst　tｉme　of　common actiｏn aｓ　a waｙ out of tｈeir ｉｍpossｉblｅ　conditｉons.　(74） Ｂｙ the earｌｙ　１9５0ｓ ｔhe agoｎｙ of thｅ Depression was　gone. McCarthｙism　waｓ ｉn flowｅr.　Afｔｅr the　１950s, hｏwever,　Amｅｒiｃａnｓ becａmｅ ｍore prａctical aｎｄ ｐrａｇmａtiｃ． Tｈe deａn oｆ　tｈe Ｕniversity oｆ　Michｉｇａn was complａｉｎｉng ｔhaｔ　ｈis ｓtudents'　highesｔ goal waｓ　to　fｉｔ ｉn　with ｃorpｏraｔe　Amerｉｃa ｒａther than ｔo sepaｒate truth from falsehood．　(75)　"Tｈey　ｂecoｍe expertｓ ａｔ　ｇrａde－gｅｔｔｉng, buｔ there's leｓs　ｓpｅcuｌatiｎｇ　about　the ｗrｏngs of　thｅ　world aｎｄ iｄeal ｓolutiｏｎs someｔhing no emｐloyｅr wａs inｔｅresｔed iｎ." Now Milleｒ iｓ gone,　and if we　are nｏｔ wise enoｕgh to ｐay　atｔｅｎtion,　ｈis uncomfｏrtable tｒuthｓ　ｗill dｉe wｉth him.
Ｐart Four Cloze Tｅst　（１0 ｐoｉntｓ)
Ｄireｃtｉｏｎs: Fill in　eａch　nｕｍｂerｅd blａnk ｉn the followｉng passage with ONE　ｓuitａｂle　wｏrd to cｏmｐlｅｔｅ ｔhe ｐasｓage．　Put ｙour answers on the AＮＳWER ＳＨEＥＴ（2).　 （10 points)
Superｓtitｉon is ａ ｄifficult qｕestion．　Wｅ cａnnot quiｔe　sａy　thａt sｕｐersｔiｔion in Bｒitaiｎ ｉs dｅａd. Its histｏrｙ is bｏth　 76 　lｏｎg ａｎd ｔoｏ reｃｅｎt　fｏr that, aｎｄ ｉndeed you will ｆind many　reｌiｃs ｏf　iｔ　in modern Ｂrｉｔaiｎ. Bｕt they are oｎｌｙ　relics connｅctｅd cｈiefｌｙ wｉｔh vaguｅ　noｔiｏns ｏｆ ｇooｄ luｃｋ anｄ 　　77 　　lｕｃk. It ｉs　unluckｙ,　for　ｉnstance，　to walk　under a　ladder, oｒ　ｔｏ spｉll　ｓaｌt,　ｏr break　a mｉrror, oｒ ｔｏ　hａｖe 7８ ｔo dｏ　with　numｂer 13；　whｅreaｓ ａ horseshoe brings good