Unit1Alandofdiversity新人教版选修8.docx

新课标人教版Unit A land of diversity　多元化的社会
核心词汇
1．If you fired John，it would be difficult to____________(雇用)a cook like him.
2．The government is planning to ____________(改革)the tax system.
3．A red sky at night____________ (说明，暗示)fine weather the following day.
4．The____________(大多数)of students were in favor of the suggestion that they go for a picnic the next day.
5．We are strongly against____________(种族的)discrimination in areas such as employment.
6．He____________(溜)into the room when no one was noticing him.
7．You’d better____________(抓住)the chance，or you’ll regret.
8．She had looked everywhere for her children，but they were________________(到处)to be found，which made her very worried.
9．____________，she took no notice of the____________mistakes in the accident.(apparent)
1. hire 　2.reform　3.indicated　4.majority　5.racial　,6.slipped　7.grasp　8.nowhere　9.Apparently；apparent,10.applicants；apply；applications

高频短语
1．________________ 继续存在；继续生存
2．________________ 用……方法；借助……
3．________________ 习惯于新的生活方式、工 作等
4．________________ 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、 传统等)
5．________________ 背靠背
6．________________ 与……合作或一起工作
7．________________ 画线；标出……界线
8．________________ 包括；吸收
9．______ 许多；很多
10．________________ 申请；请示得到
1.live on　2.by means of...　3.make a life　4.keep up 5.back to back　6.team up with　7.mark out　8.take in 9.a great/good many　10.apply for
重点句式
1．________________，the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie，who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse­drawn trams.
缆车系统建立于1873年，是由安德鲁·哈利迪创造的，他试图找到一种比马拉轨道车更好的交通方式。
2．______________before long the mix of nationalities be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。
重点句式

到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。
4．However，________________that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而，很可能至少在15000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。

知识详解
1 .means　n．　手段；方法

科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
by this means用这种方法
by means of通过，用，借助于
by no means决不，一点也不
(放在句首时，句子用局部倒装语序)
by all means务必，不惜一切地；
(用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以，没问题
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①Every possible means has been tried，but none worked.
＝All possible means have been tried，but none worked.
各种可能的方法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。
②(朗文P1277)Millions of Chinese rely on bicycles as their important means of transportation.
自行车是数百万中国人赖以出行的重要交通工具。
③(朗文P1277)By all means，drink plenty of water while exercising.
当然，锻炼的时候多喝水。
④By no means am I satisfied with my present job.
我对目前的工作一点也不满意。
[即境活用]

—________.Ours is much stronger than theirs.
A．Of course 　　　　　　 B．It depends
C．Don’t mention it D．By no means
解析：选D。句意：“——你认为他们的乒乓球队在即将到来的亚运会上会获得冠军吗——绝对不会，我们的球队比他们的球队要强大得多。Of course当然可以；It depends视情况而定；Don’t mention it 不用谢；By no means绝对不会，绝不。根据句意可知答案为D项。
2．众所周知， 是一种有用的通讯工具。
As is known to us，the telephone is ________ ________ ________ ________ __

2 .majority　n．　大多数；大半
(回归课本P2)Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.
在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大局部是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原居住人民传授天主教。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①The majority of students find it quite hard to live on the amount of money they get.
大多数学生认为靠他们挣得钱生活很难。
②(牛津P1220)In the nursing profession，women are in a /the majority.
女性在护理行业中占大多数。
【温馨提示】　(1)单独用作主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。
③(牛津P1220)The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking.
大多数人支持禁烟。
(2)单独用作主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。
④The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are students.
昨天参加会议的大多数是学生。
⑤The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
这次的损失大局部容易补救。

多数人喜欢电脑胜过电视。
[即境活用]
3．完成句子
(1)Don’t worry about the present situation in the world；________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (大多数人喜欢和平而不是战争)．
答案：the majority of people prefer peace to war

答案：in a/the majority
3 .occur　vi.　发生；出现
(回归课本P5)Yes.It didn’t occur to me that...
是的，我没想到……
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred.
我正沿街寻找停车点时，突然发生了事故。
②(牛津P1377)It didn’t occur to her to ask for help.
她没想到请别人帮助。
③(辽宁高考)When Babbage was working at Cambridge，a new idea occurred to him.
在剑桥工作时，巴比奇想到了一个新主意。
④ It occurred to her that she should adopt the homeless child.
她突然想到她应该收养这个无家可归的孩子。
[即境活用]
4．—Why are you so late
—I was on half way when it________to me that I had left my notebook home，so I had to fetch it.
A．occurred　　　　　　 B．hit
C．happened D．reminded
解析：选A。It occurred to me that...意为“我突然想起……〞。hit打击(不与to搭配)；happen发生(指具体事件)；remind提醒(不与to搭配)。
4 .make a life　习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
(回归课本P2)Some died or returned home，but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.
有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人留在了加利福尼亚谋生，尽管困难重重。
[归纳拓展]

live/lead a．..life过着……生活

bring...back to life使……苏醒过来
make/start a new life开始新生活
make a living by 靠……谋生
[例句探源]
①Some people from the country find it hard to make a life in big cities.
一些来自农村的人发现很难习惯大城市的生活。
②(朗文P1188)They moved out West to make a new life there.
他们迁往西部去开始新生活。
③(牛津P1166)The match finally came to life in the second half.
比赛在下半场终于精彩起来。
④The old couple made a living by selling vegetables.
这对老夫妇靠卖菜维持生活。
[即境活用]

C．bring D．lay

5 .a great many 　很多，许多(修饰可数名词)
(回归课本P8)Saw some interesting temples here，a number of markets and a great many restaurants.
参观了这儿一些有趣的寺庙，不少的集贸市场和许多餐馆。
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1230)I’ve known her for a great many years.
我认识她好多年了。
②A great many of us don’t like speaking English in class.
我们当中许多人不喜欢在课堂上讲英语。
【温馨提示】　a good/great many 后接复数名词，但a good/great many后接of 时，必须加限定词，如these/those/the/one’s等，然后再加名词复数。
③A good many of the/those students in our class have passed the exam.
我们班中有很多学生通过了考试。
6．________the houses were knocked down in the earthquake.
A．A great many　　　B．The number of
C．A great many of D．A great deal of
解析：选C。名词前有the，these，those及myyour等物主代词时，a great many后要加of。
[即境活用]
6 .take in 　包括；吸收；理解；欺骗
(回归课本P8)It’s a 79km round­trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.
这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。
[归纳拓展]
take away拿走，使离开；消除(病痛等)
take down记下来； 拆掉
take for(错)当作；(误)以为
take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功
[例句探源]
①(牛津P2059)He was homeless，so we took him in.
他无家可归，我们便收留了他。
②(辽宁高考)Don’t be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.
不要被许诺能使你快速减肥的商品所欺骗。
③This is the total cost of the holiday，taking everything in.
这是假期的全部费用，一切都包括在内。
④The students find it easy to take in what you teach.
学生们觉得你教的课容易领会。
[即境活用]

7．完成句子
(1)I needed a minute to ________ ________(理解) what he had told me.
答案：take in

答案：take over
7 .apply for　申请
(回归课本P8)From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.
从1882年到1940年，天使岛就成为著名的移民居住区，在那里，许多中国人申请在美国的居住权。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P82)Some of the children seem unable to apply what they have learned.
有些孩子似乎不会应用他们所学的知识。
②You can’t apply for the job until you have satisfied certain conditions.
在符合一定的条件之后你才能申请这份工作。
③(朗文P82)I wish Sam would apply himself a little more to his schoolwork.
真希望萨姆能再专注于学业。
[即境活用]
8．Due to the fact that he failed to adapt himself to the present job，he________ ________ ________ ________(申请另一个工作)．
答案：applied for another one
句型梳理
1【教材原句】　That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.(P2)
这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。
【句法分析】　句中的why引导的是表语从句，注意以下句式的区别：
(1)That’s why...那就是为什么……(why从句表示结果)
(2)That’s because...那是因为……(because从句表示原因)
(3)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)
①Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill.
汤姆开会迟到了，那是因为他病了。
②Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting.
汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。
③The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.汤姆开会迟到的原因是因为他病了。
[即境活用]
9．(2022年石家庄检测)Is this the reason________she explained in the report for her success in the job
A．what　　　　　　　　　　 B．that
C．how D．why
解析：选B。考查定语从句。因此处关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语，故此处只能用that，which或省略。
10．The reason________death was feared was________no man could experience it twice.
A．why；that B．why；because
C．why；why D．because；that
解析：选A。句意：人们之所以恐惧死亡，是因为没有人能经历两次。
2【教材原句】　However，it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(P2)
然而，土著美国人有可能在一万五千年前就在加州生活着。
【句法分析】　本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。
It is likely that...……是可能的，此句型可转化为：sb./sth.be likely to do sth.某人/物可能做某事。
①She’s very likely to ring me tonight.
＝It’s very likely that she will ring me tonight.
她今晚很可能给我打 。
②It is likely that the weather will be fine.
＝The weather is likely to be fine.
天气可能会很晴朗。

A．likely B．perhaps
C．possibly D．probably
解析：选A。句意：很有可能环境保护者会到这个地区调查严重污染所造成的潜在的破坏。句型It is likely that... 中的 likely为形容词，而不是副词，B、C、D三项均为副词形式，与句式不符。
[即境活用]