2019_2020学年新教材高中英语课时素养评价十Unit4HistoryandtraditionsReadingandThinking新人教版必修2.doc

课时素养评价 十
　Unit 4　Reading and Thinking

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. It is only the achievement(achieve) of these goals that will finally bring lasting peace.
2. His footprints were clearly evident(evidence) in the heavy dust.
3. There are lots of cemeteries(cemetery) outside the country.
4. They climbed upward along the steep cliffs surrounding(surround) the village.
5. Confucius is a great philosopher(philosophy) and educator in our country.
6. A must is a visit to the fascinating(fascinate) Motor Museum.
7. When chiefs(chief) of other tribes (部落) heard about this, they were all moved.
8. His letter poses a number of puzzling(puzzle) questions.
9. The immune system (免疫系统) is our main defence(defend) against disease.
10. I have to find a convenient location(locate) for the shelves.
Ⅱ. 根据提示完成句子
1. What can we do to help them to break away from(摆脱) the difficult position?
2. The British and Dutch belong to(属于) the same race.
3. The result depends on conditions as well as(也) how events developed.
4. Studying philosophy(研究哲学) will open another window to our lives.
5. Regular cleaning will make your room look cleaner(使你的房间看起来更加整洁).
6. The island is joined to(与……相连接) the mainland by a subsea tunnel.
7. Remember: keep your eyes open for(留意) all good things.
8. There is a hut surrounded with/by(围绕) colorful flowers blooming.

Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Help Hermit Crabs
(2019·北京高一检测)
Hermit crabs are nature’s recyclers. They eat waste and help keep oceans and shores clean. Unlike other crabs, the hermit crab has a thin outer shell over its soft tail. This makes the hermit crab easy prey for hungry predators(天敌). Hermit crabs stay safe by living in old seashells. A hermit crab is picky(狡猾); it tries on many shells until it finds one that fits just right. In recent years, however, many hermit crabs have had trouble finding their perfect homes. What is the problems? There are not enough shells to go around!

One reason for the seashell shortage is that ocean water is not as clean as it once was. This has caused chemical changes to sea water. Some sea animals like snails, are affected by these changes. Now there are fewer snails making shells. People visiting the beach often take shells home as souvenirs(纪念品). This is another problem. Other people even take shells for their own pet hermit crabs! They do not realize that hermit crabs in the wild need those shells too.
Now people are working to solve this hermit crab housing shortage. They are teaching beach-Boers to leave seashells where they belong—at the seashore! Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like. For example, a group called Project Shelter invited people who visited their website to create different designs for hermit crab shells.
These designers had a lot to consider. What kind of material should be used to build seashells. The material must be light enough for the hermit crab to carry, but strong enough to protect the crab from predators The man-made shells could not contain glue or any other substance(物质)that might harm a hermit crab. Another challenge with building a hermit crab home was the opening to the shell. Too big would mean the crab would not feel safe. Too small would be uncomfortable, and the crab would not want to move in.
The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find. Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是寄居蟹生存的贝壳越来越少的现状及人类努力为它们建的新家。
1. Where can hermit crabs stay safe?
A. In different old seashells.
B. Behind the waste they’ll eat.
C. In their own thin outer shells.
D. Under the stones at the seashore.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中Hermit crabs stay safe by living in old seashells. 可知, 寄居蟹在不同的古老贝壳中安身。故选A。
2. What does the underlined word “fake” in Para. 3 mean?
A. man-made　　　　　　 B. perfect
C. hard D. comfortable
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第三段中For example, a group called Project Shelter invited people who visited their website to create different designs for hermit crab shells. “例如, 一个叫做Project Shelter的组织邀请访问过他们网站的人们为寄居蟹住的蟹壳创建不同的设计。”由此推知Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like. “有些人甚至制作假贝壳, 希望寄居蟹会喜欢。”“fake”的意思是“假的, 人造的”。故选A。
3. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The Project Shelter Group.
B. The shortage of the seashell.
C. New homes for hermit crabs.
D. The recyclers of the nature.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据最后一段The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find. Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes. 可知, 本文讲述的是寄居蟹的新家。故选C。
B
(2019·北京高一检测)
　　Benito Juarez, a poor Indian boy, was twelve years old when he left his village home in December 1818. Benito walked forty-one miles to the city of Oaxaca, high in the mountains of Mexico. When he heard the Spanish spoken by the city people, Benito didn’t know what they were saying.
First, Benito became a servant for a wealthy gentleman, Serer Maza. Soon, he went to work for Antonio Salanueva , a church(教会) librarian. Antonio repaired and copied the library books, keeping them in good shape. Benito became his helper and his housekeeper. Antonio loved to teach. Benito soon became his student as well as his servant. With the help of Antonio, Benito learned to speak, read, and write Spanish.
At that time in Mexico, many people believed that Indians were not smart enough to read or learn Antonio knew that was not true. Indians had been prevented from learning by a lack of schools. The first Spanish missionaries(传教士)who came to Mexico had educated the native people. In fact, churches from Spain had built the first college on the North American continent(大陆)for the Indians. As more Spanish came to Mexico, however, the Indian children were crowded out of the schools.
Benito was a good and bright student, so Antonio developed a plan for him. In 1821, when Benito was fifteen, Antonio decided to enroll him in a school for boys. Antonio taught Benito what he needed to pass the entrance test for the school.
Benito became a student at the college. His studies were difficult, and he was teased because he was the only Indian student there. He succeeded in spite of these challenges. Later, as the laws changed, Benito was able to attend a public college with other Indians.
Benito Juarez continued his education and became a lawyer and, much later, the President of Mexico from 1861 to 1872. He led the Mexican people to victory over the French, who tried to rule Mexico, and fought for the rights of Indians. He is one of the great heroes in Mexican history.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文文章讲述了Benito在墨西哥求学, 上大学, 成为墨西哥总统的经历。
4. When Benito first arrived in the city of Oaxaca, he 　　　.  
A. lost touch with his family
B. got the language problem
C. studied in a church library
D. lived in the mountain
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句When he heard the Spanish spoken by the city people, Benito didn’t know what they were saying. 可知, 当贝尼托第一次抵达城市瓦哈卡时, 他遇到了语言问题。故选B。
5. According to the passage, Antonio was a 　　　.  
A. good teacher　　　　 B. rich gentleman
C. strict housekeeper D. helpful villager
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段中Antonio repaired and copied the library books, keeping them in good shape With the help of Antonio, Benito learned to speak, read, and write Spanish. 和第四段Antonio decided to enroll him in a school for boys. Antonio taught Benito what he needed to pass the entrance test for the school. 可知, 安东尼奥是一个好老师。故选A。
6. In Mexico, many Indian children couldn’t get an education, because 　　　.  
A. they were less smart
B. there were not enough schools
C. there were too many native people
D. they were too poor to go to school
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中Indians had been prevented from learning by a lack of schools. 可知, 在墨西哥, 印度许多孩子不能接受教育, 因为没有足够的学校。故选B。
7. What is probably the best title of the passage?
A. A young student in Mexico.
B. Fighting for the rights.
C. A bright Mexican educator.
D. Born to be a servant.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句Benito Juarez, a poor Indian boy, was twelve years old when he left his village home in December 1818. 倒数第二段Benito became a student at the college. His studies were difficult, and he was teased because he was the only Indian student there. He succeeded in spite of these challenges. Later, as the laws changed, Benito was able to attend a public college with other Indians. 以及最后一段中Benito Juarez continued his education and became a lawyer and, much later, the President of Mexico from 1861 to 1872. 可知, 本文讲述了一个印第安学生在墨西哥求学的经历。故选A。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2019•全国卷Ⅱ)
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump? ”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. 　1　Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.  
　2　More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.  
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 　3　 So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.  
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 　4　 They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.  
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 　5　 You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.  
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
【文章大意】本文讲了动机和目标之间的关系。二者相辅相成。
1. 【解析】选G。前面的句子说到“动机和目标的设置是一个问题的两个方面”, 后一句话说到前面的实例: 跳台上的孩子由于缺少动机无法决定跳还是不跳。可推知中间的句子会提到没有了动机会出现的结果。故选G项。
2. 【解析】选B。根据more than that以及后面的问句“我们如何保持动力来实现目标”可推知前面应该是一个关于如何让我们有动力这样的问题。故选B项。
3. 【解析】选A。前面提到“你的心不在你的工作上”以及So后提出的解决方法, 可推知中间应该提到前面问题带来的不好的影响这样的内容。故选A项。
4. 【解析】选E。根据前面的句子“目标是灵活的”可知它是可以变化的。故选E项。
5. 【解析】选C。前面提到“由于视力不好, 原来的当飞行员的目标实现不了”这样的令人沮丧的情况, 后面又提到重新评估你的目标, 可推知中间一句应该提到前面的情况不应该使你灰心丧气。故选C项。

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