职称英语等级考试全新版30天突破.doc

职称英语等级考试全新版30天突破

资料仅供参考
第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分） 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Avalanche and Its Safety
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are ___1___ the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope ___2___supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is ___3___to cause an avalanche. ___4___ a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low___5___ of avalanche. Snow does not___6___ significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not___7___ easily on flat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is___8___ 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb is: A slope that is___9___ enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche,regardless of the angle. Additionally, avalanche risk increases with___10___; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the. more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is a continuous___11___, including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather___12___, and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also___13___ the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports,they should be considered and and all warnings should be paid ___14___ to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have charged since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are ___15___ or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.

词汇：
avalanche / 'ævəlɑ:ntʃ/n.雪崩
snowpack / 'snəupæk/n．积雪场
terrain / 'terein /n.地形，地势
steep /sti:p/ adj，险峻的，陡峭的
trigger / 'trigə /n.引起，激发
incidence / 'insidns /n.，发生（率）
ski /ski:/v．滑雪
complexity / kəm'pleksiti /n．复杂性
注释：
1．angle of rest：这里指积雪保持静止的角度。
2. rule of thumb：指“a broadly accurate principle, based on experience or practice rather than theory”，即“通用法则，经验法则”。
3．Additionallv：是一个副词，用来引入新的事实或论点，意为“另外”。
4．backcountry：人烟稀少的地区
练习：
1. A among B of C to D in
2. A when B that C who D whose
3. A mostly B likely C clearly D surely
4. A are B will be C is D was
5. A weight B form C risk D work
6. A fall B flow C roll D gather
7.A fall B flow C roll D gather
8.A among B between C with D for
9.A thick B thin C flat D rocky
10.A use B time C snow D rain
11.A journey B trip C fact D process
12.A conditions B reports C forecast D event
13.A increase B reduce C improve D remove
14.A price B effort C attention D money
15.A missing B grown C big D fresh

答案与题解：
1．A 表示“雪崩是山上可能发生的最大危险之一”的意思，因此应该选择among（在……之中）。
2．B 从该句的语法结构上来看，此处需要一个关系代词，代替slope，因此that是最佳选择。选项A、C、D均不符合语法。
3．B 选项A不符合语法，C和D符合语法，但不符合常识：过度的雪的积压可能导致雪崩，而不是必定导致雪崩。因此，B是最佳答案。
4.C 该句的主语是Determining the critical load，从上下文来看应该使用…般现在时，因此C是正确答案。
5．C要确定本题答案的一个有效的方法是排除法。a low weigh/form work of avalanche都不合逻辑，只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。下面的句子解释了low risk of avalanche的道理，更证实了选risk是正确的。
6.D 第6和第7题能够一起考虑。整个句子的意思是：在较陡峭的坡面上，雪不会大量堆积。在较为平坦的坡面，雪不会轻易滑动。
7.B （见6）
8.B 理解了句子的意思就不难判断选项：雪在静止状态下，角度在35 - 45度之间，最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。between：在……之间。
9.C 这个句子说明的是什么样的山坡最易发生雪崩，即，A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski。flat在此做“平坦”解，与后面的steep形成反义。
10.A 句中的that is表明，后半部分是对前半部分的进一步说明。因此，这里的选择要根据下文的意思判断。use是最佳选择，整个句子的意思是：山坡被滑雪者使用的越多，雪崩就越可能发生。
11.D 尽管选项A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，从全段的内容判断，只有process是最佳选择，因为该段描写的是如何防备雪崩，及如何做好安全措施等一系列问题。
12.A 选项A、B、C都能够与weather搭配，可是根据上下文，只有A最为符合文章的内容。
13.B 选项A不符合句子的意思；C不能和risk搭配；D也不符合句子的意思，因为不可能完全消除雪崩的隐患。
14.C 该句主句使用的是被动语态，第二个动词是pay attention to的被动形式。选项A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。
15.A 该句是作者给出的一系列忠告之一，即，认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。选项B、C、D均不符合句义。

Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk
Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of ___1___ so that customers heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London study ___2___in a new study.
Statins reduce the ___3___of unhealthy "LDL" cholesterol" in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person's heart attack ___4___.
In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology , Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is ___5___to offset the increase in heart attack risk from ___6___a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.
Dr Francis,from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London, who is the senior author of the study, said: "Statins don't cut out all of the ___7__ effects of cheeseburgers and French fries. It's better to avoid fatty food altogether. But we've worked out that in terms of your___8of having a heart attack, taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same ___9___ as a fast food meal increases it. ”
"It's ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condiments in fast food outlets as they___10___, but statins,which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are ___11___free of charge. It would cost less than 5 pence per ___12___- not much different to sachet of sugar, " Dr Francis said.
When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they're encouraged to take ___13___that lower their risk, like ___14___ a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters.Taking a statin is a rational way of ___15___some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.
词汇：
statin n．降胆固醇药物
outlet/'autlit/n．销售点
cholesterol/ kə'lestərəul /n.胆固醇
offset/ 'ɔ:fset /v．抵消，补偿
cheeseburger/ 'tʃi:zbə:gə /n．芝士汉堡包
milkshake n．奶昔
condiment/ 'kɔndimənt /n．调味品
sachet/ sæ'ʃei／n．小袋，小包
rational/ 'ræʃənl / adj.合理的
注释：
1．Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs:句中的could是一种委婉表示建议的用词，意为“能够”。
2．Imperial College London:帝国理工学院。该学院于19 由城市和行会学校、皇家矿业学校以及皇家科学学院合并组成。学院于 7月正式脱离伦敦大学成为一所独立大学。提供本科和研究生教育，共有四个学院，工程学院、医学院、自然科学院和生命科学院
3．LDL cholesterol:低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。LDL是low density lipoprotein（低密度脂蛋白）的缩写形式。
4．a wealth of trial data:大量的试验数据。a wealth of意为“大量的，许多”。
5.American Journal of Cardiology:美国心脏病学杂志
6．French fries:炸薯条
7．It makes sense...：make sense意为“说得通，合情合理”。
8．a sachet of sugar:小袋糖。快餐店一般备有袋糖，供饮咖啡或热奶的顾客免费取用。
练习：
1.A change B charge C chain D chance
2. A trust B decide C suggest D calculate
3. A number B amount C volume D product
4.A frequency B treatment C diagnosis D risk
5.A severe B enough C weak D active
6.A buying B preparing C eating D cooking
7.A unhealthy B strong C different D doubtful
8.A examination B suffering C determination D possobility
9.A degree B dimension C angle . D range
10.A use B hate C reject . D like
11.A transported B provided C preserved D converted
12.A cook B patient C customer D visitor
13.A measures B care C advantages D turns
14.A buying B wearing C cleaning D changing
15.A increasing B finding C lowering D taking

答案与题解：
1.B 本文介绍说，吃汉堡包等快餐食品容易引发心脏病，而服用statin能降低心脏病发作的风险，一正一负正好抵消。statin价格便宜，文章建议快餐店像免费供应调味品那样免费供应statin。free of charge是同定搭配，意为“免费”。选择charge是正确。
2.C 本题要选suggest，因为其它三个选项在意思上都不合适。另外，本句主句的谓语动词用了could(provide)，委婉地含有“建议”的意思。因此suggest是个不二的选择。
3.B 与降低unhealthy“LDL”cholesterol搭配的一定是amount（量），而不可能是number（数字）、volume（体积）或product（乘积）。
4.D 从上下文判断，要降低( lower)的当然是risk。lower frequency降低频率）、lower treatment（降低治疗）或lower diagnosis（降低诊断）与上下文的意思都不匹配。
5.B 本句表示的意思是：Dr Darrel Francis在她的论文中说，经过计算，一粒statin降低心脏病发作的风险足以抵消吃一个奶酪汉堡包和喝一杯奶昔所增加的患心脏病的风险。因此本题的答案是enough。
6.C 顾客不可能在快餐店里preparing cheeseburger或cooking cheeseburger，而buying cheeseburger不会增加心脏病风险。因此，只有eating cheeseburger才合乎上下文的意思。
7.A 从上下文判断，被cut out（去除）的effects一定是unhealthy effects，因此，unhealthy是本题的答案。
8.D 本句中的in terms of意为“就……而言”，要与后半句“一正一负相互抵消”的意思相匹配，因此只能是“就患心脏病的可能性而言”。possibility是答案。
9.A 本句的意思与第五题的意思相同，即statin降低心脏病发作的风险与快餐增加的心脏病的风险在程度( degree)上大致相当。如果选择其它j个选项，意思变成了，“尺寸 (dimension)上、角度(angle)上或范围(range)上大致相当”，就说不通了。

10D 填词所在的句子的意思告诉我们，具有讽刺意味的一点是：顾客能够随心所欲地免费享用不健康的调味品。as one likes是固定用法，意为“随某人所愿，随某人所喜欢”。like是答案。其余三个选项用在本句中都不合适。
11.B transported（运输）、preserved（保存）或converted（转换）填人句子中，意思都不顺。只有填人provided（提供）符合句意。provided是答案。
12.C 到快餐店去就餐的人当然是customer。
13.A 为了降低开车和吸烟的风险，人们被鼓励要采取一些安全措施。作者借此说明为了降低食肘陕餐的风险，我们也要采取措施。根据这层意思，选择measures是正确的。take measure的意思是“采取措施”。其它_j=个选项都不合适：take care是“注意，小心”，take advantage是“利用”，take tums是“轮流，依次”。
14.B 本题很明显要选wearing，因为上下文的意思是“系上安全带”。buying a seabelt，cleaning a seatbelt和changing a seatbelt都与上下文的意思相去太远。
15.C 通篇文章都存阐述statin能降低患心脏病的风险。因此，lowering（降低）是答案。

第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分） 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Avalanche and Its Safety
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are ___1___ the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope ___2___supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is ___3___to cause an avalanche. ___4___ a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low___5___ of avalanche. Snow does not___6___ significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not___7___ easily on flat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is___8___ 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb is: A slope that is___9___ enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche,regardless of the angle. Additionally, avalanche risk increases with10___; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the. more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is a continuous___11___, including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather___12___, and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also___13___ the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports,they should be considered and and all warnings should be paid ___14___ to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have charged since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are ___15___ or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.

词汇：
avalanche / 'ævəlɑ:ntʃ/n.雪崩
snowpack / 'snəupæk/n．积雪场
terrain / 'terein /n.地形，地势
steep /sti:p/ adj，险峻的，陡峭的
trigger / 'trigə /n.引起，激发
incidence / 'insidns /n.，发生（率）
ski /ski:/v．滑雪
complexity / kəm'pleksiti /n．复杂性
注释：
1．angle of rest：这里指积雪保持静止的角度。
2. rule of thumb：指“a broadly accurate principle, based on experience or practice rather than theory”，即“通用法则，经验法则”。
3．Additionallv：是一个副词，用来引入新的事实或论点，意为“另外”。
4．backcountry：人烟稀少的地区
练习：
1. A among B of C to D in
2. A when B that C who D whose
3. A mostly B likely C clearly D surely
4. A are B will be C is D was
5. A weight B form C risk D work
6. A fall B flow C roll D gather
7.A fall B flow C roll D gather
8.A among B between C with D for
9.A thick B thin C flat D rocky
10.A use B time C snow D rain
11.A journey B trip C fact D process
12.A conditions B reports C forecast D event
13.A increase B reduce C improve D remove
14.A price B effort C attention D money
15.A missing B grown C big D fresh

答案与题解：
1．A 表示“雪崩是山上可能发生的最大危险之一”的意思，因此应该选择among（在……之中）。
2．B 从该句的语法结构上来看，此处需要一个关系代词，代替slope，因此that是最佳选择。选项A、C、D均不符合语法。
3．B 选项A不符合语法，C和D符合语法，但不符合常识：过度的雪的积压可能导致雪崩，而不是必定导致雪崩。因此，B是最佳答案。
4.C 该句的主语是Determining the critical load，从上下文来看应该使用…般现在时，因此C是正确答案。
5．C要确定本题答案的一个有效的方法是排除法。a low weigh/form work of avalanche都不合逻辑，只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。下面的句子解释了low risk of avalanche的道理，更证实了选risk是正确的。
6.D 第6和第7题能够一起考虑。整个句子的意思是：在较陡峭的坡面上，雪不会大量堆积。在较为平坦的坡面，雪不会轻易滑动。
7.B （见6）
8.B 理解了句子的意思就不难判断选项：雪在静止状态下，角度在35 - 45度之间，最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。between：在……之间。
9.C 这个句子说明的是什么样的山坡最易发生雪崩，即，A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski。flat在此做“平坦”解，与后面的steep形成反义。
10.A 句中的that is表明，后半部分是对前半部分的进一步说明。因此，这里的选择要根据下文的意思判断。use是最佳选择，整个句子的意思是：山坡被滑雪者使用的越多，雪崩就越可能发生。
11.D 尽管选项A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，从全段的内容判断，只有process是最佳选择，因为该段描写的是如何防备雪崩，及如何做好安全措施等一系列问题。
12.A 选项A、B、C都能够与weather搭配，可是根据上下文，只有A最为符合文章的内容。
13.B 选项A不符合句子的意思；C不能和risk搭配；D也不符合句子的意思，因为不可能完全消除雪崩的隐患。
14.C 该句主句使用的是被动语态，第二个动词是pay attention to的被动形式。选项A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。
15.A 该句是作者给出的一系列忠告之一，即，认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。选项B、C、D均不符合句义。