高优指导2021版高三英语一轮复习考点规范练19Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld牛津译林版选修6.doc

考点规范练19(Unit 4)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Robots have proven very useful in different situations.But those robots are small remote-controlled tanks with a mechanical arm,and they can get hung up on narrow stairwells(楼梯井) and are stopped by ladders.“A lot of the places where you do disaster recovery are only accessible for people,”says Marc Raibert,the president of Boston Dynamics,which is providing advice and help for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA)—the scientific research department of the U.S. military(军队)—to create the most advanced robots on earth.“If you’re a humanoid—a machine or creature with the appearance and qualities of a human—access can be increased and you can use available tools.”In the future DARPA hopes,a humanoid robot will be able to drive trucks,and enter power plants.
That future is a long way off.Simple movements like squatting(蹲) are almost impossible for something with metal parts and skin that cannot bend,says Raibert.Still,recent progress is impressive enough that the military has begun to bet on legged bots.The Office of Naval Research is working with Virginia Tech on a humanoid firefighting robot,and Dynamics showed off two of its latest projects:Cheetah,a four-legged robot capable of running 28 miles per hour,and the Legged Squad Support System,a big and awkward headless robot funded by DARPA and the Marine Corps to help carry things in places like mountain areas.
“Half the land on earth is too rough,sandy,or rocky for wheeled things,”says Raibert.“Humans and animals can go to those places.They are the only examples of successful systems that do what we’re trying to do.”
None of the walking robots is meant to fight.They’re designed to put out fires and clean up industrial accidents.But they are all funded by the military.“I’m well aware of how the world works,”says Dennis Hong,founding director of Virginia Tech’s robotics lab.“Robots for me are tools to help society,not to fight in wars.But once a technology leaves our lab,there’s no way to control how people can use it.”
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。未来的机器人将会设计得越来越像人类,并能完成复杂的任务。
1.In Marc Railbert’s opinion,robots need to be designed like humans to 　　　. 
A.accomplish complex tasks
B.be controlled efficiently
C.survive disasters
D.appear friendly
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“If you’re a humanoid...access can be increased and you can use available tools...a humanoid robot will be able to drive trucks,and enter power plants.”可知,类人化的机器人可以到更多的地方,完成复杂的任务。
2.Which of the following is most likely to be Cheetah?

答案:C
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Cheetah,a four-legged robot capable of running 28 miles per hour”可知,Cheetah是四脚着地的机器人,故选C项。
3.The underlined word “They”in Paragraph 3 most probably refers to 　　　. 
A.Cheetah and the Legged Squad Support System
B.humans and animals
C.wheeled things
D.legged robots
答案:A
解析:篇章结构题。根据第三段内容可知,地球上一半的道路都不适合轮子通过,但是人类和动物可以到达这些地方,所以人们模仿自己和动物设计出了“有腿的”机器人。上段中提到的Cheetah可以一小时跑28英里,Legged Squad Support System可以在山区等地方帮助人们驮东西,因此说这两个机器人是研发成功的例子,能够做我们人类做的事情。
4.How does Dennis Hong feel about using robots in wars?
A.Surprised.　　　　　　　　B.Cautious.
C.Uninterested. D.Helpless.
答案:D
解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段末的“Robots for me are tools to help society,not to fight in wars.But once a technology leaves our lab,there’s no way to control how people can use it.”可知,Dennis Hong认为设计机器人是为了造福社会,而不是为了战争,但是一旦一项技术离开了他们的实验室,他们就无法控制人们怎样利用这项技术。由此可推测,他对于机器人被使用在战争中感到无能为力。

B
When it comes to preschool education,there are two lines of thought.One says that preschoolers need to be taught early academic skills in order to get a leg up on future school achievement.Another says the focus should be on social and emotional development.But,new research from Penn State University says a high quality preschool program should do both.
Karen Bierman,Penn State Professor of Psychology,and her team studied 350 preschoolers.Half were taught the traditional curriculum(课程).The other half were given the basic curriculum as well as social and emotional teachings.
The results show that the half students taught with a curriculum that includes social lessons,such as sharing,listening,and self-control,score higher in both the social and academic areas of school readiness that the other half students.
The other finding is that when you work on both academic and social-emotional skills,you get stronger gains in both areas.“You get the combined power when you put both together,so neither area is weakened,”she says.
Clearly,knowing how to share,develop healthy friendships,and learn side-by-side with others is important to a child’s academic achievement in the classroom.But,Bierman says the importance of social and emotional education goes beyond that.Preschool is prime time for the development of self-regulation,which not only tells a child not to hit another child,but also tells a child how to set personal goals and focus himself enough to follow through with those goals.And the ability to regulate behavior is what helps children get motivated at school.“When they get upset,bored,or frustrated,it doesn’t defeat them,”she says. 
Goal-oriented(面向目标的) and motivated learning is best taught in preschool,Bierman says,when the prefrontal part of the brain,which controls decision-making,is at the height of development.“First grade teachers can teach letter names,but preschool is when that behavior is peaking and language is just beginning to develop,”she says.
【语篇导读】本文是议论文。有人认为应该教授学前儿童基本的知识及学习技能以应对将来的学习生活,有人认为应该着重发展学前儿童的社交能力并让他们学会管理自己的情绪。Karen Bierman则认为这两者不应该相互排斥,一个好的学前教育应该包含这两方面的内容。
5.Karen Bierman and her team carried out the research by 　　　. 
A.tracking 350 preschoolers for years
B.separating children into two equal groups
C.working out a high quality preschool program
D.analyzing the importance of social and emotional teaching
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Half were taught the traditional curriculum(课程).The other half were given the basic curriculum as well as social and emotional teachings.”不难看出,Karen Bierman和她的研究小组把研究对象平均分成两组,分别教授不同的课程。
6.The underlined words “prime time”in the text probably refer to 　　　. 
A.the best time B.the only time
C.the earliest time D.the suitable time
答案:A
解析:词义猜测题。根据最后两段内容,尤其是“Goal-oriented(面向目标的) and motivated learning is best taught in preschool...”可推测,教授包括面向目标的学习及有动机的学习在内的情绪管理的“最佳时间”是在孩子入学前。
7.According to the text,self-regulation can help children 　　　. 
A.be willing to study
B.become emotionless
C.memorize letter names
D.learn language quickly
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“And the ability to regulate behavior is what helps children get motivated at school.”可知答案为A项。
8.What’s the best title for the text?

A.Preschool learning:more than ABCs and 123s
B.Karen Bierman:freeing kids from boring learning
C.Learning self-regulation in preschool:why it matters?
D.Academic and social-emotional skills:which is more important?
答案:A
解析:主旨大意题。文章第一段是本文的主题段:学前教育不应该仅仅教授基本知识,还应该包括社交能力和情绪管理方面的内容。A项符合本文主题。
Ⅱ.七选五
Five simple things that are actually complex
The proof for “1+1=2”is 300 pages long
1.　　　 In the early 20th century,Bertrand Russell wanted to prove that mathematics worked,so he decided to start with the simplest concept and prove 1+1=2.However,it took the mathematician and philosopher 372 pages of complex sums. 
Defining the word “the” is really difficult
The word “the”is one of the most common words in English.2. For example,why do we say,“I have the flu,”but not“I have the headache?”In the Oxford English Dictionary,there are almost two dozen different ways the word can be used in a sentence correctly:
Yawning
Some people say we yawn to keep us alert(警觉的) by taking in oxygen.However,various experiments have shown that yawning actually cools down the brain.3.　　　 As for why yawning is contagious(感染性的),no one knows that either. 
Left and right have been confusing philosophers for years
Would you explain the concept of left and right in terms of your relative position to a well-known landmark(地标性建筑)?4.　　　 It’s a question that has been puzzling philosophers for years because,without a point of reference,it’s difficult to define what left and right actually are. 
5.　　 
You’d think that the reason we enjoy things is because it feels good in some way,but it’s only half the story.There’s a famous experiment where wine experts were fooled into thinking a cheap bottle of wine was an outstanding one just by switching the labels.Their enjoyment of the product wasn’t based on appreciation of wine—it was based on the fact that they were told it was good wine.
A.What you feel may not be the truth.
B.We enjoy things for reasons other than enjoyment.
C.But what if you were talking to one who couldn’t see?
D.We all know that one plus one equals two,but do you know why?

E.In fact,there is no universally agreed theory for why we actually yawn.
F.Maybe you’d refer to the move of the Earth or something comparably huge.
G.Most of us have probably never stopped to think about how strange a word it actually is.
答案与解析:
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章列举了五件让人琢磨不透的简单事。
1.D　解析:根据本段标题可知本段是介绍“关于1+1=2的论证有300多页”。D项中的one plus one equals two符合本段内容。
2.G　解析:根据本空后的例子可知,同样是在说生病,但是有的时候用the,有的时候不用the,所以说the“这个词实际上非常奇怪”,只是因为它太常见了,所以“大部分人从来没想过这回事”。
3.E　解析:本空前两句分别介绍了关于打哈欠的两种不同理论,由此可推测“实际上,关于我们为什么打哈欠现在还没有一个一致同意的理论”。本空后一句中的no one knows that either 也提示了大家还不知道为什么会打哈欠、打哈欠为什么会传染。
4.C　解析:根据本空前的内容可知,我们有时会以自己与某一地标性建筑的相对位置来定义左右,“但是如果我们是同一个盲人交谈呢”,又该如何定义左右呢?这也是为什么如何定义左右困扰了哲学家很多年。
5.B　解析:根据本段列举的例子及最后一句“Their enjoyment of the product wasn’t based on appreciation of wine—it was based on the fact that they were told it was good wine.”可知,“我们喜欢一样东西不是因为它能带给我们愉悦,而是因为其他的原因”。
Ⅲ.书面表达
假设你是李华。你的美国同学戴维曾在中国与你一起学习了半年,但回国后就失去了联系。请你给他的爸爸史密斯先生发一封邮件,感谢戴维对你英语学习的帮助,询问他的近况和联系方式并邀请他在春节期间来中国旅游。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.邮件的格式已给出,不计入总词数。

Dear Mr.Smith,

Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
参考范文:
Dear Mr.Smith, 
I’m writing to express my warmest thanks to your son,David.He offered me great help with my English learning while he was studying in China.
I’ve sent several e-mails after his returning to America.However,I haven’t got any reply so far.It’s possible that I’ve got a wrong e-mail address.It has been a long time since I saw him.I wonder if he is having a good time.Can you do me a favor and help me get in touch with him?
With the Spring Festival drawing near,I’d like to invite him to travel in China.I can act as his tour guide.
Yours sincerely, 
Li Hua 
〚导学号95480051〛

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