2022年高考英语专题八七选五说明类专练含解析.doc

专题八 七选五说明类专练
〔90分钟 100分〕
考点01：冠词 3颗星
考点03：介词和介词短语 2颗星
考点04: 名词 3颗星
考点06：形容词和副词 5颗星
考点08：非谓语动词 5颗星
考点09：动词的时态和语态 5颗星
考点10：定语从句 3颗星
考点12 并列连词 4颗星
考点13 状语从句 3颗星
考点24：七选五说明文专练 5颗星
第I卷〔选择题〕〔每题2分，共40分〕
一．七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A〔考点24中难〕
The USA is a society formed by many different immigrant cultures that produced a new and mixed culture. Most Americans celebrate different customs which started in other countries and start several new traditions and cultures.①__________
 ②__________ They tend to live independently, and communicate directly, honestly and informally with their families, friends and colleagues.
Americans always keep advancing with the times. ③__________  In America, it is relatively common for both parents to work, and American women are equal partners in marriage.
In the USA, the most common family unit consists of the parents and children living under one roof. Most American children are taught to compete, through organized sports and education, as well as speak out their minds and have confidence to stand up for what they believe in.④__________ Many immigrant families also feature several generations living under one roof, with younger family members respecting the elders’ needs and valuing their opinions.
When people from different cultures get married and have children, they may have issues when it comes to maintaining their unique traditions and mixing shared customs at the same time. ⑤__________ However, with a little effort, children in these families can benefit from having both outlooks and traditions. Children who are raised bilingually can also benefit in future careers and learn to make decisions better than monolingual kids.
A.Many Americans find happy life is important.
B.They are also taught to respect their parents at all costs.
C.It can be a challenge to find the perfect balance between cultures.
D.According to socialists, the American family culture has many unique aspects.
E.American children refuse to follow their parents’ advice and always argue with them.
F.Changing rather than sticking to tradition is considered by many Americans as improvement.
G.The difference is easy to deal with if parents can meet halfway and stand in the other’s shoes.
B〔考点24中难〕
I still remember my first time going to the Chinese company's canteen. When I stepped onto the elevator, each one was full of people. ①___________ However, there was no sign of fire and people were laughing and talking. I followed the flow of the crowd to the doors of the canteen. It occurred to me that in China everyone has lunch almost at the same time. ②___________ The canteen followed this schedule, only being open a few hours per day.
    When I stood in the doorway, I realized I had to act fast or I would be left behind. ③___________ Unlike my school ​lunchroom, here everyone lined up and took a tray, and instead of silverware there were chopsticks and soup spoons.
    As I was pushed along the line, I saw dishes I didn't recognize and as people cut in line and picked up dishes left and right, ④___________ I ended up taking a pork and cucumber dish and a tofu salad.
    I have been at my company for over a year and a half. ⑤___________ I have learned what dishes I like, mostly by trial and error, and a lot of the workers know me and say hello to me.
    I am still getting used to eating lunch at "lunchtime", but I think the schedule definitely helps keep me on track during the day. I wish there were something like this at offices in my hometown.
A. I thought I had missed a fire drill.
B. There was no emergency; it was just lunchtime.
C. I noticed things at lunchtime were a bit different.
D. I felt that I needed to make some quick decisions.
E. The canteen reminded me of my school lunchroom.
F. And now I am glad to say I am more confident in the canteen.
G. I was not very familiar with the local food or restaurants in China.
C〔考点24中难〕
Earth is home to around 7,000 languages, around half of which are expected to disappear by2100.
Languages disappear for many reasons. Sometimes younger generations stop leaming a language because parents want children to fit in. ①__________ Native American children of the late-19th century were required to attend boarding schools where educators forbade them from speaking their native languages.
The United Nations ranks endangered languages according to their risk level. For example, a "critically endangered"  language is one that even grandparents don ' t speak often. New York ' s Onondaga language is an example with only 50 speakers left. An " extinct"  language has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaska ' s Eyak language is one example. ②__________
③__________ In the same way, different languages contribute to cultural diversity. Saving these
languages benefits our understanding of other cultures. Languages can show how a society looks at the world  and  what  it  values. A  language  may  describe  something  in  a way  that  is  funny , too.  In  Welsh , it rains not cats  and dogs , but old wives and walking sticks.
The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing. ④__________
However,its efforts are limited. If an endangered language is going to make a real comeback, it ' ll probably get its start in schools. For nearly 100 years, public schools in Hawaii did not teach the Hawaiian language. Now students can keep learning in Hawaiian from elementary schools to college and beyond.
⑤__________ At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named Eliezer Ben-Yehuda brought the 3 ,000-year-old language Hebrew back to life. Today it is one of the official languages of the country of Israel,with more than 4 million speakers.
A. The last person who spoke it died in 2022.
B. Why should we save endangered languages?
C. Various animals and plants benefit our environment.
D. With just 5 speakers left,it is absolutely endangered.
E. Can a language with zero native speakers come back to life?
F. Sometimes societies force minorities to give up their language.
G. The nonprofit group finds native speakers and records their stories.
D〔考点24中难〕
Long, long ago people couldn't write and they had no books. But they had stories. People learned the stories by heart and taught new ones to one another. Sometimes it was hard to remember them all. ①________
The ancient Egyptians wrote their stories on something made from papyrus (纸莎草〕plants. People in other places learned to use papyrus from the Egyptians.②_______So parchment (羊皮纸)，made from goatskin， later took its place.
In ancient China, books looked a little different. At that time, people there used ink to write on bamboo or silk. And then they invented paper. Made of trees，paper was easier and cheaper to make than papyrus or parchment.③________Papermaking later spread to the West, but there was a big problem with these early books. Every single one had to be copied and written by hand.
④______They carved (雕刻〕a page of word's into a piece of wood or stone. They could then print the page by spreading ink on the wood or stone and putting it against paper. But it wasn't until a German printer invented movable, metal letters that books became fast and easy to make. The letters could be used to print copy after copy, and the letters put together again and again to print different pages of words.
⑤_______ Once a luxury (奢侈品〕only the rich could buy. it soon became a treasure everyone could enjoy,
A.But papyrus grew mainly in Egypt.
B.It took years to finish making just one book.
C.Finally books could be printed by the thousands.
D.Things grew a little easier when writing was invented.
E.Its surface was smoother and better for writing on too.
F.Books in the West didn't change for a long time after that.
G.The Chinese were the first to think of a way to speed things up a little.
第II卷〔非选择题〕〔每题1.5分，共60分〕
语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
〔1〕
   Friendship is one of the most important things in everyone’s life.①__________is very difficult to find a better definition(定义) of friendship. A true friend is the person ②__________考点10 can share all our sadness and double all our happiness. In time of trial(尝试) , he or she is always at our side to give us his or her help and comfort.
   Knowing how valuable friendship is, we should be very ③__________考点06 (care) with our choice of a friend. We should ④__________(choice) those people with a good character as our friends, but we must try to avoid ⑤__________考点08 (make) friends with a bad man. Besides, we should forgive their mistakes and try to help them as much ⑥__________ possible.
   A true friend can always ⑦__考点09 (trust), loved and respected. If you tell a friend your secrets, he or she will not tell others. Friends share their joys ⑧__________考点12 unhappiness. They help each other when  they  are ⑨__________考点03 trouble,  and  cheer  each  other  up  when  they  are  sad. ⑩__________考点01 most important thing is that a friend always understands you. In conclusion, when you have made a good friend, don’t forget him or her.
〔2〕
The British Museum, ①___________考点08 (locate) in the Bloomsbury area of London, is the first national public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture. Its permanent collection numbers some 8 million works, making it one of the largest in ②___________ 考点04 (exist). It has been ③___________ 考点06 (wide) sourced , documenting the story of human culture ④___________ 考点03 its beginnings to the present. As with all other national museums in ⑤___________ 考点01 United Kingdom, it charges no admission fee. Its ownership of some of its most famous objects ⑥___________ 考点10 originally came from other countries is controversial, particularly in the case of the Parthenon Marbles. Today the museum no longer houses ⑦___________考点04 (collection) of natural history,and the books and manuscripts(手稿) once it ⑧___________考点09 (hold) now form part of the independent British Library, ⑨___________ 考点12 it still keeps its universality in collections of artificial works ⑩___________考点08 (represent) the cultures of the world, ancient and modern.
〔3〕
Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said ①__________ was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.
After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months ②__________ 考点06 (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We③__________考点09  (tell)that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week, ④__________ 考点12 for the week after. I didn't understand ⑤__________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged ⑥__________考点03 the reservation. What's worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was ⑦__________ 考点06 (surprise)helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ⑧__________考点01  top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren't charged extra.
The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ⑨__________ 考点13 we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little⑩__________ 考点08 (sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
〔4〕   
The British have many traditions but there is nothing more quintessential (典型的) than taking afternoon tea. We know the British have a love affair with drinking tea, ①__________考点03/08 more than 160 million cups drunk every day, but it was the invention of afternoon tea that turned tea-drinking into ②__________考点01 popular pastime. 
    This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea ③__________考点06 (comfort) while nibbling (小口吃) on nice sandwiches, scones with jam and cream and a selection of small cakes. And, of course, it can only happen in the afternoon! Afternoon tea, ④__________考点08 (design) as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner, dates back to the 1840s.  It went on to become a ⑤__________考点06 (fashion) social occasion for the upper classes.
    Now there is a resurgence (复苏) in its ⑥__________考点04 (popular) in the UK and it is available to anyone who can afford it. ⑦__________考点13 it can be enjoyed at home, the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel of café. But if you’re thinking of visiting such a place ⑧__________考点08 (enjoy) a plate of sweet and tasty treats with a steaming hot brew, remember the rules you must follow to avoid ⑨__________考点08 (ask) to leave. 
    Writer Henry James once noted that “there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour devoted to the ceremony known as afternoon tea〞. I’m sure once you try it, you ⑩__________考点09(agree).
参考答案
一、七选五
A、答案：D; A; F; B; C
B、答案：ABEDF
解析：
本文讲述了作者第一次在中企餐厅就餐的感受。
1. A【解析】根据下文“然而,并没有着火的迹象,人们都有说有笑〞 可知,设空处的内容需说明一下为何提到“有着火的迹象〞。A项“我本以为我错过了消防演习〞解释了为何作者会认为应该出现着火的情况,应选A项。
2. B【解析】根据“我突然想起在中国每一个人几乎都在同一时间吃午饭〞和下文“餐厅遵守着这个时间表〞可知,B项“根本没有什么紧急情况,只不过是午饭时间而已〞符合语境,应选B项。
3. E【解析】下文“每个人排着队,拿着一个托盘,还有筷子和汤匙而不是银餐具〞描述的是买饭时的场景,由此可知,E项“这个餐厅让我想起我的学校的餐厅〞是对作者看到的餐厅场景的总结,且E项中的school lunchroom与下文照应,应选E项。
4. D【解析】根据上文中描述的周围同事取菜的场景和下文中提到的“我最终选择了黄瓜炒肉和豆腐沙拉〞可知,设空处应该与作者取午餐相关,D项“我觉得我应该快速作决定〞是对作者取到午餐前的心理描写,符合语境,应选D项。
5. F【解析】根据设空前的“我在公司已经一年半多了〞以及设空后的“主要是通过反复摸索以后,我已经知道了我喜欢吃什么菜,许多员工也认识我了并且和我打招呼〞可知,该段的内容是对作者熟悉在中企工作后的描写,F项“现在我可以很快乐地说我在餐厅更加自信了〞是对作者熟悉中餐厅后的描写,应选F项。
C、答案：F; A; C; G; E
解析：
1.由第二段内容可知,整段都在说明语言消失的原因,所以小题1也是在陈述语言消失的原因。故F选项切题。
2.由.An " extinct"  language has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaska ' s Eyak language is one example.可知,已经灭绝的语言没有说种这语言的人了。它永远消失了。阿拉斯加语言就是一个例子。所以小题2说的是:说这种语言的最后一人死于2022年,这种语言也就永远消失了。 符合对前文的解释。故A选项切题。
3.由第三段可知,第三段主要在讲述人们受益于不同种的语言。再由in the same way可知,小题3在讲述各种动植物有益于环境,以此说明多种语言也有益于人类。故C选项切题。
4.由The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing.可知,这个濒临灭绝语言联盟希望挽救这些即将消失的语言。小题2要说明他们具体的做法。故G选项切题。
5.由 At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named Eliezer Ben-Yehuda brought the 3 ,000-year-old language Hebrew back to life. Today it is one of the official languages of the country of Israel, with more than 4 million speakers.可知,至少有一种语言做到了。在1881年,一位名叫Eliezer Ben-Yehuda的犹太语言学家使这个有3千年历史的希伯来语复活。今天,它是以色列的官方语言之一,有400多万使用者。所以通过答复和举例说明,我们可以判断出小题5要问“没有人说的语言能复活吗?〞。故E选项切题。
D、答案：DAEGC
解析：1. D〔提示：根据第二段第—句 The ancient Egyptians wrote their stories on something made from papyrus plants.(古埃及人把他们的故事写在用纸莎草这种植物制作的东西上。〕可知，第一段的最后一句承接第一段的内容并引起第二段的内容，所以应该填与“把故事写下来〞相关的内容。〕
2. A〔提示:根据前后文，由于纸莎草做的东西可以记录故事，所以其他地方的人也想采用这种方式.后文又提到一种羊皮纸后来取代了纸莎草，说明其他地方的人得到纸莎草不容易，才会选择转代物，A项符合语境。〕
3. E〔提示：根据前一句 Made of trees，paper was easier and cheaper to make than papyrus or parchment.(用树木制造的纸相比纸莎草和羊皮纸更加廉价和容易制作。〕可知，这一段是在讲用树木制作的纸的特点。〕
4. G〔提示:这一空为句首的句子，所以结合整段内容可知，这一段是在讲述怎样让书的制造过程更加简易迅速。结合选项G中的 speed 可以得出答案。〕
5. C〔提示:此处为最后一段的首句,结合全文可知，这一段对于书的开展史进行了总结，C项符合语境，现在的书可以成千上万的复制印刷。〕

二、语法填空
〔1〕答案：It; who; careful; choose; making; as; be trusted; and; in; The
〔2〕答案：1. located 2. existence