高优指导2021高三英语二轮复习专题能力训练三词义辨析类.doc

专题能力训练三词义辨析类A组1.She became director of this branch by playing tricks but everyone in her group didnt recognize her as director,for she had no experience or ability of management.A./;/B.a;aC./;aD.a;/答案:C解析:考查冠词辨析。第一空后的名词为职位名词在句中作表语,前不用冠词;后一空则用a表示泛指。2.What did he do in return for free and food offered by the kind couple?He helped their son with his lessons.A.conservationB.admissionC.accommodationD.immigration答案:C解析:考查名词辨析。此处用accommodation 和food对应,表示“食宿”。conservation“保存,保护”;admission“许可”;immigration“移民”。3.We dont think the experiment is failure.At least we have gained experience for future success.A.the;aB.a;/C.a;anD.the;the答案:B解析:考查冠词辨析。第一空,此处failure表示“失败的事”,因此前面用不定冠词a,此为抽象名词具体化的用法;experience表示“经验”时为不可数名词,此处表示泛指意义,所以第二空不用冠词。4.Everyone wants to live in a beautiful,comfortable and “livable” place,but not know where it is.A.allB.someC.eitherD.both答案:A解析:考查代词辨析。句意:人人都想生活在一个美丽、舒适、适宜居住的地方,但并不是所有的人都知道它在哪儿。根据语境可知,此处在否定句中用all表示不完全否定,意为“并非所有人都”。5.How many practical plans has your deskmate made this week?.All have turned out disappointing.A.NoneB.NothingC.NobodyD.No答案:A解析:考查代词辨析。句意:你的同桌本周拟定了多少实际的计划?一个也没有,所有的计划结果都是令人失望的。根据答句后面说明“所有的(计划)结果都令人失望”,故此处用none表示“没有一个实际的计划”,相当于no plans。6.The team from selected cities are allowed to visit the country individual tourists.A.withinB.asC.forD.like答案:B解析:考查介词辨析。句意:来自选定城市的这支团队的成员被允许作为个体游客参观这个乡村。根据句意可知,此处应用as表示“作为”。7.I clapped my hands happily the pilots beautiful flight on the Air Show.A.in admiration ofB.in memory ofC.in support ofD.in need of答案:A解析:考查介词短语辨析。句意:我高兴地拍手,以向在飞行表演中那位飞行员的漂亮飞行表示赞美。in admiration of“对表示赞美”;in memory of“纪念”;in support of“支持”;in need of“需要”。由句意可知A项正确。8. all the students in our class,I wish to say a word of hearty thanks to Mr Brown.A.On behalf ofB.Instead ofC.In spite ofD.In honour of答案:A解析:句意:我谨代表全班同学,对布朗先生表示诚挚的感谢。on behalf of“代表”;instead of“代替”;in spite of“尽管”;in honour of“向表示敬意”。根据句意可知A项正确。9.He is a person,so whatever he does,he is not only thoughtful but careful.A.depressedB.cautiousC.smartD.polite答案:B解析:考查形容词辨析。此处表示“不管他做什么,他不仅考虑周全而且很小心”,因此选B项,表示“小心的,谨慎的”。depressed “沮丧的”;smart “聪明的”;polite “有礼貌的”。10.Say “Cheese” but keep while I take your photograph.A.quietB.calmC.stillD.silent答案:C解析:考查形容词辨析。句意:在我给你拍照的时候,说“Cheese”的同时但不要动。quiet“安静的”;calm“镇静的”;still“保持不动,静止的”;silent“沉默的”。根据句意可知,答案为C项。B组1.In Disneyland,every year about 800,000 plants are replaced because Disneyland refuses to signs asking his “guests” not to step on them.A.put downB.put outC.put offD.put up答案:D解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:在迪斯尼乐园,每年有大约80万的植物要重新栽植,因为迪斯尼乐园拒绝张贴让游客不要践踏植物的牌子。put down “写下,记下”;put out “熄灭,扑灭”;put off “推迟”;put up “张贴”。根据句意可知D项正确。2.You can go to the hospital to see your sick mother,but you mustnt stay there visiting hours.A.beyondB.withoutC.acrossD.on答案:A解析:考查介词辨析。句意:你可以去医院看望你生病的妈妈,但你在探访外的时间不能待在那儿。beyond表示“超出(时间)”。3.He hardly gets by on the low allowance of around 400 yuan per month,which is impossible to the basic needs of his family.A.affordB.coverC.offerD.support答案:B解析:句意:他靠每月400元的低津贴几乎无法度日,满足他家庭的基本需求都是不可能的。afford“负担得起”;cover“满足”;offer“提供”;support“支持”。此处用cover表示“满足(需要)”。4.The driver began to speed up to for the hour hed lost in the traffic jams.A.make upB.keep upC.take upD.catch up答案:A解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:那个司机开始加速,以弥补他在堵车时所耽误的时间。make up“化妆,弥补,编造”;keep up“保持”;take up“从事,占据”;catch up“赶上”。根据句意可知,答案为A项。5.Fully in looking after three children at home,she no longer has time to enjoy various activities in the club.A.attachedB.occupiedC.contributedD.devoted答案:B解析:句意:她完全忙于在家照看三个小孩,不再有时间到俱乐部参加各种活动了。attach“附上”;occupy“占用”;contribute“贡献”;devote“奉献”。三个选项中只有occupy和in搭配,其余三个都是和介词to搭配。故B项正确。6.He used to be shy but now he can talk freely to anyone he meets.A.extremelyB.nearlyC.actuallyD.briefly答案:A解析:考查副词辨析。句意:他曾极为害羞,但现在他可以对他所遇到的任何人很自如地谈话了。extremely“极其地”;nearly“几乎”;actually“实际上”;briefly“简洁地”。7.How do you understand that education is not an end,but a(n) an end,professor?We do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them but for fitting them for life.A.error inB.means toC.answer toD.reason for答案:B解析:考查名词短语辨析。句意:教授,你是如何理解教育不是目的,而是通向目的的方法的?我们教育孩子并不仅仅是为了教会他们知识,而且是为了教会他们适应生活。根据句意可知,means to表示“的方法”符合题意。8.Our headteachers playing the violin our classroom on the New Years Party.A.took inB.blocked outC.kicked offD.lighted up答案:D解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们班主任在新年晚会上拉小提琴使得全班十分高兴。take in“吸收,理解,欺骗”;block out“封闭,设计”;kick off“离开,出发,踢掉,开球”;light up“点亮,使容光焕发,使喜形于色”。老师为学生表演节目当然使大家感到十分高兴,故D项正确。9.Surely the day you are informed of your being admitted to a famous key university will be of joy and celebration for your family,relatives and friends.A.thatB.the oneC.oneD.those答案:C解析:句意:通知你被一所著名的重点大学录取的那天当然是你们全家、亲属以及朋友们快乐和庆祝的一天。此处所填词相当于a day,故应用one代替。10.He is a man of few words but has remarkable inner strength.A.不填;aB.a;aC.the;不填D.不填;the答案:A解析:考查冠词。a man of few words“一个沉默寡言的人”,故第一空不填;a remarkable inner strength表示“一种非凡的意志力”,故第二空用不定冠词a。C组1.In Mexico,dining is more than a meal.Its a social occasionlunches are quick and suppers can last for hours.A.rarelyB.chieflyC.mostlyD.occasionally答案:A解析:考查副词辨析。句意:在墨西哥,就餐不仅仅是填饱肚子那么简单。它是一个社交场合午餐很少会匆忙结束,而晚餐可能持续几个小时。根据句中的“dining is more than a meal”可知A项正确。2.At times,people need humorous words to break up silence to recover harmony.A.awkwardB.entireC.sensitiveD.adequate答案:A解析:考查形容词辨析。句意:有时,人们需要用幽默的语言来打破令人尴尬的沉寂,来恢复和谐。awkward“令人尴尬的”;entire“整个的”;sensitive“敏感的”;adequate“足够的”。根据句意可知,此处应用与harmony相对的形容词,只有awkward表示“尴尬的”符合。故A项正确。3.Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree?No,its out of .A.rangeB.reachC.controlD.distance答案:A解析:考查名词辨析。句意:你能射中树顶上的那只鸟吗?不能,它在射程外。out of range表示“在(射程)外”。out of reach“够不着”;out of control“失控”;out of distance“离太远”。4.The famous director failed many times but he eventually to achieve success.A.broke upB.broke offC.broke throughD.broke away答案:C解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:这个著名导演失败过许多次,但他最终取得突破,而获得了成功。break up“关系破裂”;break off“中断”;break through“突破”;break away“脱离,突然离开”。5.The authorities are struggling to bring to some of the areas affected by the typhoon.A.reliefB.sympathyC.commitmentD.assumption答案:A解析:考查名词辨析。句意:当局正在全力对受台风影响的一些地区运送救援物资。relief“宽慰,救援物资”;sympathy“同情,体谅”;commitment“承诺,责任,义务”;assumption“假设,假定”。因为是带到受台风影响的地区,故应该是“救援物资”。选择A项正确。6.When it comes to studying abroad,it is important to consider the countrys strengths education and choose the major it is famous for.A.in response toB.in place ofC.in addition toD.in terms of答案:D解析:考查介词短语辨析。句意:谈到出国留学,考虑该国在教育方面的实力并选择其著名的课程是很重要的。D项意为“在方面”,符合语境,故D项正确。A项意为“响应,回应”;B项意为“代替”;C项意为“除之外还有”。7.Mary turned to libraries seeking information about the book mentioned in his lecture but found .A.no oneB.noneC.nothingD.anything答案:B解析:考查不定代词辨析。句意:玛丽到图书馆去查找关于他演讲中所提到的那本书,但一点信息也没有找到。此处用none,相当于no information。8.Does your son do well in his study?Im afraid not,but when it playing computer games,he is much better than anyone else.A.turns toB.refers toC.comes toD.responds to答案:C解析:考查动词短语辨析。答句句意:恐怕没有,但当谈及玩电脑游戏,他比别的任何人都要好得多。when it comes to(doing)something表示“当谈及(做)”。9.I know he failed his last test,but really hes stupid.A.something butB.anything butC.nothing butD.not but答案:B解析:考查不定代词的用法。句意:我知道他上次测试失败了,但真的,他绝不笨。anything but“绝不,根本不”。10.I really dont know how you the great noise here! Its bad for your health.A.keep up withB.catch up withC.come up withD.put up with答案:D解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:我真不知道你怎么能忍受这里这么大的噪音!这对你的身体是有害的。keep up with“跟上”;catch up with“赶上”;come up with“提出,想出”;put up with“容忍”。根据句意可知,答案为D项。D组1.His remark was considered to be quite ,because it deepened the gap between two parties and caused more conflicts.A.out of placeB.out of mindC.out of questionD.out of order答案:A解析:考查介词短语辨析。根据空后面的“deepened the gap.more conflicts”可知out of place“不得体,不适当”符合题意。out of mind “心不在焉”;out of question“毫无疑问”;out of order “有毛病,出故障”。2.The driver was at loss when word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.A./;theB.a;theC./;/D.a;/答案:D解析:考查冠词辨析。句意:当消息传来他因超速而被禁止驾驶时,那位司机不知所措。at a loss为固定短语,意为“不知所措”。后一空后面的word是不可数名词,表示“消息”,word came that.表示“消息传来”,word前不用冠词。3.Working hard is not a of great success,but it is among the essential requirements.A.markB.signC.guaranteeD.signal答案:C解析:考查名词辨析。句意:努力工作并不是很大成功的保证,但它是必要的要求之一。mark“标志”;sign“符号,记号”;guarantee“保证”;signal“信号”。根据后面说明它是必要的要求之一,故前面说明的应是“努力工作并不是很大成功的一种保证”,故选择C项。4.He said hed provide you with anything you need,didnt he?Yes.It was considerate of him,but I his offer.A.thought overB.made outC.turned downD.gave up答案:C解析:考查动词短语。根据but一词的转折可知,此处应用turn down表示“拒绝”。think over“仔细考虑”;make out“理解”;give up“放弃”。5.Tom is really ! Hard to imagine he can score so much per game at such an age.A.authenticB.awesomeC.availableD.appealing答案:B解析:句意:汤姆真是太棒了!难以想象他这么个年纪还能每场都得这么多分。authentic “可靠的”;awesome“极棒的”;available“可得到的”;appealing“有吸引力的”。根据后面说明汤姆这么个年纪还能场场得那么多分可知,此处应用awesome,该词在口语中表示“极好的,很棒的”之意。6.It takes to talk to others on the team when that might expose some of your own weaknesses or ignorance.A.energyB.patienceC.wisdomD.courage答案:D解析:考查名词辨析。句意:当可能暴露你自己的一些弱点或无知时,在一个队伍中和别人谈话则需要勇气。energy“能量,精力”;patience“耐心”;wisdom“智慧”;courage“勇气”。7.The best way to get a serious point without causing offense is humour.A.across;withB.out;withinC.across;inD.down;by答案:A解析:考查介词辨析。句意:让一个严肃的问题被理解,而不导致冒犯的最好方法是用幽默。get across意为“使理解”;后一空用with表示“运用”。8. intelligence,you are no worse than others.It is your attitude that makes the greatest difference.A.Regardless ofB.In terms ofC.In case ofD.On top of答案:B解析:考查介词短语辨析。regardless of“不管”;in terms of“按照,从方面来说”;in case of“万一”;on top of“除了”。前一句说明的是“从智力上来说你和别人一样都不差”,故只有B项符合句意。9.The technological advances made it possible for the middle classes to enjoy what had once been only to the very rich.A.manageableB.acceptableC.affordableD.measurable答案:C解析:考查形容词辨析。句意:技术进步使得本来只有很富的人才能负担得起的事,对中产阶级来说也是可能的了。manageable“易管理的”;acceptable“可接受的”;affordable“负担得起的”;measurable“可测量的,适度的”。根据句意可知,此处应用affordable表示原本只有很富的人才能“负担得起的”事。故C项正确。10.With the word “PM2.5” heard and seen in our life,people become more and more concerned about air pollution.A.constantlyB.occasionallyC.consequentlyD.contemporarily答案:A解析:考查副词辨析。句意:随着我们在生活中经常听到和看到“PM2.5”这个词,人们越来越关心空气污染了。constantly“经常地,不断地”;occasionally“偶尔地”;consequently“结果,必然地”;contemporarily“当下,眼前”。根据后面说明“人们越来越关心空气污染”可知,在我们生活中“经常”听到和看到PM2.5这个词。故选A项。7