自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》.pdf

课程欧洲文化入门欧洲文化入门 考试时间 120分钟日期年月日姓名学号学院班级.Read.Read thethe followingfollowingunfinishedunfinishedstatementsstatementsoror questionasquestionascarefully.carefully.ForFor eacheachunfinishedunfinished statementstatement oror question,question,fourfour suggestedsuggested answersanswers markedmarked A,A,B,BC C andand D D areare given.given.Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question.Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question.WriteWrite thethe letterletter ofof thethe answeranswer youyou havehave choosenchoosen inin thethe correspondingcorresponding spcaespcae onon thethe answeranswersheet.(40 points,2 point for each)sheet.(40 points,2 point for each)1.was the founder of scientific mathematics.A.Pythagoras B.DemocritusC.Aristotle D.Diogenes2.Which of the following figures was regarded as“the master of those who know”byDante?A.Plato B.Socrates C.Aristotle D.Cicero3._ was called“the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.A.Thucydides B.Herodotus C.Socrates D.Aristotle4.The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name_.A.Moses B.Joshua C.Saul D.David5.Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and madeChristianity legal?A.Domitian B.Valerian C.Constantine D.Theodosius6.The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean _.A.wanderers B.travelers C.traders D.merchants7.In the latter part of the fourth century the _ swept into Europe from centralAsia.A.Turkish B.Huns C.Athens D.Roman8.Apart from being aplace of worship,the _ was aplace for recreation andthecenter of trade and community activity.A.bridge B.church building C.village D.subway9.For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,_was the goldencity which gave birth to a whole generation of poets,scholars,artists and sculptors.A.Milan B.Florence C.Venice D.the papal states10.which of the following figures knows“how to make beauty yield meaning and meaningyield beauty”?.A.Boccaccio B.Shakespeare C.Raphael D.Petrarch11._ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has had greatimpact on world literature.A.Don Quixote B.hamlet C.Gargantua and Pantagruel D.Utopia12.The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Naturelaws lay hid innight.God said,“let_ be”,and all was light.A.Copernicus B.Kepler C.Newton D.Einstein13.It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in Englandand with _ in France.A.Corneille B.Locke C.Rousseau D.Descartes14.The great contribution of St.Jerome was _.A.the building of monasteries B.the translation of Old and New Testaments into Latin C.the setting up of the church system D.none of the above15.Which of the following is not true about Dante?A.Dante was a great Italian poet.B.Dante wrote Beowulf C.Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian D.Dante was a great political thinker16.Scientists in the 17thcentury,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached great importanceto _ .A.deductive reasoning B.classical authority C.direct observation and experiment D.humanist learning17.Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A.In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B.Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C.Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D.Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics,poetry,rhetoric and other subjects.18._ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure,freedom from pain andemotional upheaval.A.Sophists B.Cynics C.Sceptics D.Epicureans19._ is said to have told the king of Syracuse:“Give me a place to stand,andI will move the world.”A.Archimedes B.Aristotle C.Plato D.Euclid20.In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,_ put forward his theory that the sun,not the earth,is the center of the universe.A.Kepler B.Galileo C.Newton D.Copernicus.In the.In the followingfollowing partpart therethere areare twotwo columns.Thecolumns.The left handleft hand columncolumn consistsconsists ofof a lista listofof names.names.TheThe rightright handhand columncolumn consistsconsists ofof a a listlist ofof titles,titles,namesnames ofof organizations,organizations,works or remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc.inworks or remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc.inthe bracket on the test paper.(10 points,1 point each)the bracket on the test paper.(10 points,1 point each)21.St.Jerome (a)Latin version of Bible21.St.Jerome (a)Latin version of Bible22.Dante (b)The City of God22.Dante (b)The City of God23.Aristophanes (c)The Canterbury Tales23.Aristophanes (c)The Canterbury Tales24.Virgil (d)Aeneid24.Virgil (d)Aeneid25.Constantine (e)Last Supper25.Constantine (e)Last Supper26.Augustine (f)Virgin Mary26.Augustine (f)Virgin Mary27.Chaucer (g)Edict of Milan27.Chaucer (g)Edict of Milan28.Leonardo da Vinci (h)Frogs28.Leonardo da Vinci (h)Frogs29.Raphael (i)The Divine Comedy29.Raphael (i)The Divine Comedy30.Homer (j)Odyssey30.Homer (j)Odyssey.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question.Write your answer in.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question.Write your answer inthe corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points,2 points each)the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points,2 points each)31.Among31.Among manymany elementselements whichwhich constituteconstitute EuropeanEuropean culture,culture,whatwhat areare thethe twotwo majormajor ones?ones?32.What are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the32.What are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the4 4thth century B.C.in Greece?century B.C.in Greece?33.What gave birth to Christianity?33.What gave birth to Christianity?34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with?34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with?35.What35.What classesclasses werewere thethe peoplepeople ofof weaternweatern EuropeEurope underunder feudalismfeudalism mainlymainly divideddivided into?into?36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200 years?36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200 years?37.Name the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.37.Name the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.40.Who40.Who establishedestablished oiloil colourcolour onon canvascanvas asas thethe typicaltypical mediummedium ofof thethe pictorialpictorial traditiontraditionin western art?in western art?IV.ExplainIV.Explain eacheach ofof thethe followingfollowing termsterms inin English.English.WriteWrite youryour answeranswer inin thethe correspondingcorrespondingspace on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points,5points each)space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points,5points each)41.Athens41.Athensdemocrachdemocrach42.Beowulf42.Beowulf43.John Locke43.John Locke44.Odyssey44.OdysseyV.WriteV.Write BetweenBetween 100-120100-120 WordsWords onon thethe followingfollowing topictopic inin thethe correspondingcorresponding spacespace onon thethetest paper.(10 points)test paper.(10 points)45.What45.What isis BaconianBaconian philosophicalphilosophical systemsystem andand thethe differentdifferent betweenbetween inductieinductie methodmethod(推推理法理法)and deductive method()and deductive method(演绎法演绎法)?)?课程欧洲文化入门欧洲文化入门答案.1-10:A,C,A,C,C,A,B,B,B,D11-20:A,C,D,B,B,C,B,D,A,D.21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30j.31.The major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.32.The four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and theStoics.33.It was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.34.The Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.35.peopleofwesternEuropeunderfeudalismweremainlydividedintothreeclasses:clergy,lords and peasants.36.In 1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine,killing many Christainpilgrims and even selling many others as slaves,which roused great indignation amongChristains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years.37.They are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.38.Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.39.Mona Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vincis most famous pictures.40.It was the great Venetian painter Titian.IV41.Athens was a democracy.Democracy means“exercise of power by the whole people”,butby“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens,and citizenshipwas a set of rights which a man inherited from his father.42.Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic,in alliterative verse,originating from thecollective efforts of oral literature.The story is set in Denmard of Sweden andtells how the hero,Beowulf,defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel s mother,asea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting with a fire dragon.43.John Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding political philosopher,whose writing on economics,politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time.44.Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home islandof Ithaca.It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and howfinally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.V.45.The answer as follows:1.The whole basis of his philosophy was practical:to give mankind mastery over theforces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2.He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology,not intimately beblended with is as in Scholasticism.3.Bacon established the inductive method.Induction means reasoning from particularfacts or individual cases to a general conclusion.Deductive method emphasizedreasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.4.In a word,to break with the past,and to restore man to his lost mastery of naturalworld.This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.